ARMENIA: Hetoum I, 1226-1270, AR tram, Queen Zabel and King Hetoum standing, both holding long cross between them // lion standing right, holding cross behind with left foreleg, a lovely lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS63.

AUSTRIA: Ferdinand I, 1564-1595, AR thaler, Ensisheim, ND, Dav-8092, without date, mount well removed, VF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

AUSTRIA: Franz I, 1745-1765, AR medalet (4.15g), 1765, Montenuovo-1950, 25mm unsigned silver medalet on the death of Emperor Franz I, laureate and draped bust right with FRANC D G R I S A G H P L B E M H D around // tomb with mourners at left and right with bust of Franz right within wreath above and AETERNITATI AVG PRIN - CIPIS OPTIMI PATRIS PAT around and "NAT 8 DEC 1708 OBIIT / OBNIPONTI 18 / AUG 1765" in exergue, lightly cleaned, floral edge, AU.

AUSTRIA: Franz Joseph I, 1848-1916, AE 2 kreuzer, 1848-A, KM-2188, a wonderful example, PCGS graded MS64 RB.

AUSTRIA: Republic, AR 14-piece set, 1976, 14-piece set for the Olympic Winter Games at Innsbruck, all 100 schilling coins; includes KM-2926 (unc and proof versions), KM-2927 (unc and proof from each mint, Vienna and Hall), KM-2928 (unc and proof, Vienna and Hall), and KM-2929 (unc and proof, Vienna and Hall), some are toned, in plush red case, set of 14 pieces.

AUSTRIA: AE medal, 1847, Hauser-120, Wurzbach-2058, 50mm bronze medal by O. Steinbock commemorating the Installation of "The Last Supper" Mosaic; FRANCISCO I AVG FERDIANDO I AVG. around jugate laureate heads left of Franz and Ferdinand // SODALITAS RIALIVM MVSIVO IMPETRATO, view of the mosaic, a superb specimen quality example! Specimen 65. The 1847 mosaic of "The Last Supper" is a renowned, full-scale mosaic replica of Leonardo da Vinci’s masterpiece, created by Roman artist Giacomo Raffaelli between 1805 and 1814. Originally commissioned by Napoleon, it was purchased by Emperor Franz I and installed in Vienna's Minoritenkirche (Minorite Church) in 1847, where it remains on display.

AUSTRIA: AE medal, The Medal for Bravery (Tapferkeitsmedaille), 2nd Class Silver, with old ribbon, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Medal for Bravery was a military decoration of Austria-Hungary established in 1789 and awarded for bravery in battle until the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918. All versions of the Medal for Bravery bore the portrait of the reigning monarch on the obverse and this example is the last issue of Franz Joseph I, has the inscription DER TAPFERKEIT ("To Bravery") on the reverse.

AUSTRIA: Franz Joseph I, 1848-1916, AE medal, Austro-Hungarian 1908 Jubilee Cross (Jubiläumskreuz), with original ribbon, XF. This medal was instituted on August 10, 1908, to mark the 60th anniversary of the Emperor's reign. The medal was awarded to various groups, including members of the armed forces, state officials, and court personnel. The obverse features a right-facing profile of Emperor Franz Joseph I in field-marshal uniform and the reverse carries the two dates 1848 and 1908. The specific ribbon color indicated the recipient's status with the Military type having a white ribbon with two wide red stripes on each side, the Civilian type with a solid red ribbon and the Court Service type with a yellow ribbon with black side stripes.

AUSTRIA: zinc medal, Karl Troop Cross (Karl-Truppenkreuz), with original ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Karl Troop Cross is an Austro-Hungarian military campaign decoration from World War I. The cross was awarded to all members of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces, regardless of rank, who had served at least 12 weeks on the front lines and participated in at least one battle. The medal is a cross pattée on a laurel wreath. Obverse: Features a granulated surface with the Latin inscription: "GRATI PRINCEPS ET PATRIA, CAROLVS IMP. ET REX" (A grateful prince and country, Karl, Emperor and King). Reverse: Displays the Austrian Imperial and Hungarian Royal crowns side-by-side above the letter "C" (for Carolus). The horizontal arms bear the inscription "VITAM ET SANGVINEM" (With life and blood), and the lower arm shows the date "MDCCCCXVI" (1916).

AUSTRIA: AE medal, The Medal for Bravery (Tapferkeitsmedaille), 4th Class Bronze, with original ribbon, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Medal for Bravery was a military decoration of Austria-Hungary established in 1789 and awarded for bravery in battle until the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918. All versions of the Medal for Bravery bore the portrait of the reigning monarch on the obverse and this example of Karl I has the inscription FORTITUDINI on the reverse.

AUSTRIA: gilt AE medal, The Military Merit Medal (Militär-Verdienstmedaille or Katonai Érdemérem), with white and blue ribbon, Unc, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Military Merit Medal (Militär-Verdienstmedaille or Katonai Érdemérem) was a military decoration of the Empire of Austria-Hungary. It was founded by Emperor Franz Joseph I on March 12, 1890. The Military Merit Medal is often referred to as the "Signum Laudis" (Latin for "sign of praise") after the inscription on the reverse of the medal. The medal features the effigy of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary, with the surrounding inscription FRANC. IOS. I. D. G. IMP. AVSTR. REX. BOH. ET C. ET. AP. REX. HVNG. The reverse typically reads "SIGNVM LAVDIS" (Latin for "sign of praise").

AUSTRIA: AE medal, The War Commemorative Medal (Kriegserinnerungsmedaille), with original ribbon, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The medal was instituted on November 21, 1932, by the First Austrian Republic. Obverse: a right-facing eagle with wings spread, standing upon a shield bearing the arms of the Duchy of Austria. Below the shield is the inscription "FÜR ÖSTERREICH" (For Austria). Reverse: The dates "1914-1918" are centered and surrounded by an oak leaf wreath. The designer's name, "GRIENAUER" (Edwin Grienauer), is inscribed at the bottom.

AUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS: United Belgian States, AE 2 liards / oorden, Brussels, 1790, KM-45, Insurrection Coinage, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63 BN. Minted during the first "independence" of Belgium that lasted 11 months, from January 11 till December 2, 1790.

AUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS: Franz II, 1792-1795, AR kronenthaler, Vienna, 1793-A, KM-62, Fine. The Kronenthaler was first issued in 1755 in the Austrian Netherlands and it became a popular trade coin throughout Europe. The kronenthaler was initially issued with the same weight as the French écu.

AUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS: Franz II, 1792-1795, AR kronenthaler, Milan, 1794-M, KM-62, VF. The Kronenthaler was first issued in 1755 in the Austrian Netherlands and it became a popular trade coin throughout Europe. The kronenthaler was initially issued with the same weight as the French écu.

AUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS: Franz II, 1792-1795, AR kronenthaler, Vienna, 1794-A, KM-62, Fine. The Kronenthaler was first issued in 1755 in the Austrian Netherlands and it became a popular trade coin throughout Europe. The kronenthaler was initially issued with the same weight as the French écu.

AUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS: Franz II, 1792-1795, AR kronenthaler, Prague, 1795-C, KM-62, mount well removed, Fine. The Kronenthaler was first issued in 1755 in the Austrian Netherlands and it became a popular trade coin throughout Europe. The kronenthaler was initially issued with the same weight as the French écu.

AUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS: Franz II, 1792-1795, AR kronenthaler, Kremnica, 1796-B, KM-62, Fine. The Kronenthaler was first issued in 1755 in the Austrian Netherlands and it became a popular trade coin throughout Europe. The kronenthaler was initially issued with the same weight as the French écu.

AUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS: Franz II, 1792-1795, AR kronenthaler, Kremnica, 1796-B, KM-62, Fine. The Kronenthaler was first issued in 1755 in the Austrian Netherlands and it became a popular trade coin throughout Europe. The kronenthaler was initially issued with the same weight as the French écu.

AUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS: Franz II, 1792-1795, AR kronenthaler, Günzburg, 1797-H, KM-62, cleaned, VF-XF. The Kronenthaler was first issued in 1755 in the Austrian Netherlands and it became a popular trade coin throughout Europe. The kronenthaler was initially issued with the same weight as the French écu.

GHENT: German Occupation, AE 2 franken, 1918, KM-Tn5, gilt World War II occupation issue, very lustrous, one-year type, NGC graded MS65.

BELGIUM: Leopold I, 1831-1865, AE 2 centimes, 1864, KM-4.2, crowned monogram // lion with tablet, lovely and lustrous, PCGS graded MS65 BN. Tied with only one other example for finest graded (Top Pop) at PCGS.

BELGIUM: AE medal, 1833, Tourneur-321, Guioth-193, 32mm silvered bronze medal on the Birth of Crown Prince Louis-Philippe, draped Belgium seated left with two victory wreaths in right hand and left arm resting on Belgian arms shield with ELLE N'EN DECERNE QU'A LA VERTU (The hope of our children) around // child in bassonet with cherub holding wreath above and "LE ESPOIR DE NOS ENFANTS - 24 JUILL. I833" around, plain edge, PCGS graded MS62 BN. Though lightly silvered, PCGS notes this as brown.

BELGIUM: AE medal (123.51g), 1852, Wurzbach-9035, 68mm bronze medal by Leopold Wiener for P. T. Verhaegen, Defender of Public Liberty; PIERRE THEOD. VERHAEGEN around bust right // PRÉSIDENT DE LA CHAMBRE DES REPRESENTANTS DE 1848 À 1852 / AU / DÉFENSEUR / DES / LIBERTÉS PUBLIQUES / À / SON COURAGE / À AON / DÉSINTERESSEMENT / 1852 within olive wreath tied with ribbon bottom, rim damage, lustrous fields, an attractive example, PCGS graded Unc details. Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen (1796-1862) was a Belgian lawyer and liberal politician known as the founder of the Free University of Brussels. He was twice chairman of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives.

BELGIUM: gilt AE order, Order of the Belgian Red Cross, 1st Class, with original ribbon, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Order of the Belgian Red Cross was established in 1880 to reward 25 years of volunteer service, featuring a gilt Maltese-style cross with red enamel, surrounded by a golden laurel wreath, with National arms and Red Cross insignia atop and suspended from a white ribbon with a broad central red stripe.

BELGIUM: AE medal (130.29g), 1895, 66mm bronze medal by Jules Baetes for the Completion of the Loodswezen Building in Antwerp; STAD ANTWERPEN above coat of arms of the City of Antwerp, F. BAETES FEC. below // LOODSWEZEN in plaque above Pilotage Building in Antwerp, date 1895 below, JUL BAETES below, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63. The Antwerp Pilotage Building is a building in eclectic style built between 1892 and 1895 on the Tavernierkaai, which housed the administrative services of the Pilotage. The architects Hendrik Kennes and Ferdinand Truyman designed it. Until 2016, the building housed the Maritime Inspectorate, the Pilotage Service, and the Fleet and Maritime Scheldt. The following year, the City of Antwerp purchased the building from the Flemish Region for 2.1 million euro.

BELGIUM: AR order, The Order of the Crown, Knight's Cross (5th class) with crossed swords, with original ribbon and case of made by K. Walravens & Company, Brussels, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Order was established on October 15, 1897, by King Leopold II in his capacity as ruler of the Congo Free State. The order was first intended to recognize heroic deeds and distinguished service achieved for service in the Congo Free State. In 1908, the Order of the Crown was made a national honor of Belgium, junior to the Order of Leopold. Crossed swords are added to the ribbon when awarded in wartime. The badge is a five-armed, white-enamelled "cleft" star with green enamel laurel and oak wreath in the angles. The obverse features a royal crown on a blue enamel background, while the reverse shows the monogram of King Leopold II .

BELGIUM: gilt AE order, The Order of the Crown, Gold Palms class, with original ribbon, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Order was established on October 15, 1897, by King Leopold II in his capacity as ruler of the Congo Free State. The order was first intended to recognize heroic deeds and distinguished service achieved for service in the Congo Free State. In 1908, the Order of the Crown was made a national honor of Belgium, junior to the Order of Leopold. The Order of the Crown is awarded in five classes, plus two palms and three medals. The Golden Palms are awarded after 25 years of meritorious service to a non-commissioned officer, and after 35 years of service for a private or corporal.

BELGIUM: gilt AE medal, Order of Leopold II, Gold Medal type, with original ribbon, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Order of Leopold II is an order of Belgium and is named in honor of King Leopold II. The decoration was established on August 24, 1900 by Leopold II as Sovereign of the Congo Free State and was in 1908, upon Congo being handed over to Belgium, incorporated into the Belgian awards system. The order is awarded for meritorious service to the sovereign of Belgium, and as a token of his personal goodwill. It can be awarded to both Belgians and foreigners, and is seen as a diplomatic gift of merit. The obverse features a central disc with a Belgian lion in relief, surrounded by a ring with the motto "Unity Is Strength" in French (L'union fait la force) and Dutch (Eendracht maakt macht). The reverse features the crowned monogram of King Leopold II ("LR").

BELGIUM: AE medal, WWI Croix de Guerre (War Cross), with original black enamel bar and ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Croix de Guerre or Oorlogskruis is a military decoration of the Kingdom of Belgium established by royal decree on October 25, 1915. It was primarily awarded for bravery or other military virtue on the battlefield. The award was reestablished on July 20, 1940 by the Belgian government in exile for recognition of bravery and military virtue during World War II. When awarded posthumously, the ribbon of the Croix de Guerre was adorned with a narrow black enamel bar.

BELGIUM: AE medal, The Inter Allied Victory Medal (Médaille de la Victoire / Zegemedaille), with replacement ribbon, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Belgian Inter-Allied Victory Medal is a gilt bronze medal designed by Paul Du Bois and was established on July 15, 1919, It was awarded to Belgian WWI service members, featuring the standard rainbow-colored ribbon. The obverse portrays a winged figure of Victory standing on a globe with arms spread. The reverse has the Belgian Royal Coat of Arms at the center, surrounded by the coats of arms of Allied nations (USA, Japan, Greece, Brazil, Serbia, Portugal, Italy, UK, and France) with the bilingual inscription around the circumference in French and Dutch, LA GRANDE GUERRE POUR LA CIVILISATION / DE GROOTE OORLOG TOT DE BESCHAVING.

BELGIUM: gilt AE order, Order of the Crown, Bronze Medal type, with original hanger and ribbon, Unc, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Order was established on October 15, 1897, by King Leopold II in his capacity as ruler of the Congo Free State. The order was first intended to recognize heroic deeds and distinguished service achieved for service in the Congo Free State. In 1908, the Order of the Crown was made a national honor of Belgium, junior to the Order of Leopold. The obverse shows a finely ribbed central area with beads surrounding, with the royal crown superimposed. The surrounding circlet carries the motto of the Belgian Congo: TRAVAIL ET PROGRÈS (work and progress). The reverse is a stylized 'double L' crowned Leopold II monogram within a palm wreath.

BOHEMIA: Ottokar II Premysl, 1253-1278, AR pfennig (0.79g), Prague, Bonhoff-2103, Cach-819, crowned bust of king left, holding globus cruiger and scepter // griffin rampant left, VF.

BOHEMIA: Wenceslaus II, 1278-1305, AR bracteate (0.85g), Prague, Bonhoff-2113, Cach-860, crowned half-length bust of king facing, raising right hand in oath and holding cross-tipped staff in left hand, VF.

BULGARIA: Ivan Alexander, 1331-1371, AR gros (1.59g), Dimnik & Dobrinic-9.1.2, enthroned Christ with cross halo, with both hands raised in blessing, with IC - XC on either side of head // the tsar left with son Michael Asen to right, both holding a long staff, with monograms for both, XF.

BULGARIA: Ferdinand I, 1887-1918, AR lev, 1913, KM-31, a wonderful mint state example! PCGS graded MS64.

CRETE: Cretan State, AE 2 lepta, 1900-A, KM-2, a wonderful red lustrous example! NGC graded MS64 RD. After the expulsion of Ottoman forces, the autonomous Cretan State, headed by Prince George of Greece and Denmark, was founded under Ottoman suzerainty in December 1898. In 1913, after the Balkan Wars, Crete acceded to Greece.

CYPRUS: Victoria, 1879-1901, AE 1/2 piastre, 1885, KM-2, lovely glossy patina, PCGS graded AU58.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Republic, AE medal (48.57g), 1925, 45mm bronze medal for the International Olympic Congress in Prague by R(retrograde)K, view of Charles Bridge and Prague Castle, with linden branch below and with "MEZINA'RODNI' KONGRESOLYMPIJSKY - PRAHA 1925" around // Olympic rings with laurel branch behind and ribbon below inscribed CITIUS ALTIUS FORTIUS, and with "CONGRES OLYMPIQUE INTERNATIONAL - PRAGUE 1925" around, a few small toning spots on reverse, rare, plain edge, Choice AU.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Republic, AE medal, Czechoslovak Revolutionary Medal 1914-1918, with original ribbon, XF. The Czechoslovak Revolutionary Medal is a Czechoslovak state decoration awarded for the resistance for a free Czechoslovakia. It was awarded to military volunteers and participants of the domestic resistance, Czechoslovak legionnaires, Czechoslovak citizens and foreigners for outstanding military or political activities in favor of the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic. It was founded by a decree of the President of Czechoslovakia Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk on December 1, 1918. The medal features a heavy bronze Greek cross with curved arms superimposed on a circle. It was designed by the influential French sculptor Antoine Bourdelle, who was an assistant to Rodin. The obverse depicts a nude figure on horseback holding a flag, surrounded by the Czech text "VZHURU NA STRAZ SVOBODNY NARODE" (Up on Guard, Free Nation) and the reverse features a winged female figure (Victory) with the text "ZA SVOBODU" (For Freedom).

DENMARK: Frederik VII, 1848-1863, AR 2 rigsdaler, 1854, KM-761.1, once cleaned and re-toned, NGC graded XF details.

ESTONIA: SWEDISH: Johan III, 1568-1592, BI schilling, Reval, Haljak-1227b, crowned IR monogram; IOHAN III D G R // coat of arms (without a shield); mintmaster's signature above; MO NOVA REVA, struck under mintmaster Urban Dehn, 1570-1581, a pleasing lustrous mint state example, NGC graded MS62. Only two examples graded higher in the NGC census.

ESTONIA: SWEDISH: Gustav II Adolf, 1621-1632, AR rundstück / öre, Reval, 1624, Haljak-1263, Vasa arms separating monogram G A R; MONET NOVA 16Z4 // crowned coat of arms; CIVITAT (five-pointed star) REVAL (five dots), a gorgeous specimen, displaying original mint luster and attractive toning, AU.

FINLAND: Nicholas II, Grand Duke, 1894-1917, AE penni, 1898, KM-13, Bitkin-459, a fantastic red lustrous example! PCGS graded MS66 RD.

FINLAND: Socialist Workers' Republic, AE 5 penniä, 1918, KM-21, flag and three trumpets with legend "Kansan Työ, Kansan Valta" (People's Work, People's Power), a superb mint state example! PCGS graded MS65 BN. The Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (FSWR), more commonly referred to as Red Finland, was a self-proclaimed socialist state in Finland during the Finnish Civil War from January to May 1918.

FINLAND: AE order, The 1939 Order of the Cross of Liberty (Vapaudenristin ritarikunta / Frihetskorsets orden), 2nd Class with swords, with original yellow ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Order of the Cross of Liberty is one of three official state orders in Finland. The Order of the Cross of Liberty was founded on March 4, 1918. Crosses of Liberty are primarily awarded to officers, while Medals of Liberty are given to non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel. The Cross of Liberty is awarded for military merits with swords and for civil merits without swords. To recognize exceptional performance on the front line or leadership during wartime, the Cross of Liberty may be conferred upon a soldier adorned with oak leaves. The Medal of Liberty is awarded to military personnel, while the Cross of Liberty Medal of Merit is granted to civilians. During wartime, the Cross of Liberty with swords or the Medal of Liberty may also be awarded to civilians. The Cross of Liberty has a red ribbon when it is granted in wartime and a yellow ribbon when it is awarded in peacetime.

FINLAND: AE order, The Order of the White Rose of Finland (Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ritarikunta / Finlands Vita Ros’ orden), Knight (Chevalier) Class neck badge without ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Order of the White Rose of Finland was established by Gustaf Mannerheim on January 28, 1919. The honor can be granted for military as well as civilian merit.

FRANCE: Louis XIV, 1643-1715, AR 1/2 écu à la mèche longue, Aix, 1646-&, KM-164.23, Gadoury-169, beautiful bluish tone, rare date/mintmark, PCGS graded AU53.

FRANCE: Louis XIV, 1643-1715, AR 1/12 écu (10 sols), Paris, 1648-A, KM-166.1, Gadoury-112, lightly toned, heart différent, attractive tone, very rare date/mintmark, PCGS graded EF45.

FRANCE: Louis XIV, 1643-1715, AR 1/12 écu à la mèche (10 sols), Rouen, 1653-B, KM-166.2, Gadoury-112, flower différent, rare date/mintmark, PCGS graded AU55.

FRANCE: Louis XIV, 1643-1715, AR 1/12 écu à la mèche longue (10 sols), Limoges, 1660-I, KM-166.9, Gadoury-112, juvenile head, nicely toned, PCGS graded AU58.

FRANCE: Burgundy, AE medal, 1713, Feuardent-9831, Senk-367, Neumann I, 3484, 31mm bronze jeton, COMITIA BVRGVNDIÆ around arms of Burgundy on a coat of ermines // IAM QUANTUS IN ORTU around rising sun filling the field of the jeton with its rays, date in the exergue, beautiful lustrous surfaces, plain edge, NGC graded MS63 BN.

FRANCE: Lyon, AR jeton, 1770, Feuardent-10786, 29mm silver jeton for the Arquebusiers of the Villeneuve of Lyon, arms of the Villeneuve with COMP .ie DE L'ARQUEBUZEDE VILLENEUVE DE LYON around // crossed rifles with standing target behind, all tied together with ribbon, with "SCOPUS OMNIBUS UNUS 1770." around and PATRIE ET / CONCORDIAE in exergue, deep original tone, reeded edge, PCGS graded MS63.

FRANCE: Louis XVI, 1774-1790, AR jeton, Languedoc, 1779/7, Feuardent-10995var, 31mm silver jeton by Nicolas-Marie Gatteaux for the États du Languedoc, draped bust right with LUD. XVI REX - CHRISTIANISS around // crowned arms of Toulouse within palm and laurel wreath with "COM.OCCIT.1779/7" below, obverse signature N. GAT. F., beautiful blue and russet tone, reeded edge, NGC graded MS63.

FRANCE: Louis XVI, 1774-1790, AR 1/5 écu (24 sols), Paris, 1782-A, KM-569.1, Gadoury-354, variety with dot (2nd semester), beautiful deep tone, PCGS graded AU58.

FRANCE: First Republic, AE 2 sols token, 1792, KM-Tn25, Maz-157, Monneron Freres emergency merchant coinage, struck at the Soho Mint, Handsworth, England, a lovely mint state example! NGC graded MS63 BN.

FRANCE: Napoleon I, First Consul, 1799-1804, AR 1/2 franc, AN12-A (1803), KM-655.1, Gad-395, F-174-4, an attractive toned example, PCGS graded AU53.

FRANCE: Louis XVIII, 1814-1815, 1815-1824, AR jeton (15.30g), 1815, Paris Museums-NJ10158 (AE), 33mm silver jeton for the Faculty of Law of Paris by Andrieu and Gayrard, bust right with LOUIS XVIII ROI DE FRANCE. around // Justice seated facing forward, holding the tablets of the Law and the royal scepter with FACULTE - DE DROIT DE PARIS. around and M.DCCCXV. in exergue, a few tiny rim nicks and small field abrasions, plain edge, Choice VF.

FRANCE: Napoleon II, AE centime, 1816, KM-XE6, Maz-645, Gad-78, Essais pattern for the pretender, a lovely example, PCGS graded MS63 BN.

FRANCE: Louis XVIII, 2nd Reign, 1815-1824, AR 1/4 franc, 1823-A, KM-714.1, Gad-352, F-163, PCGS graded AU55.

FRANCE: Louis XVIII, 2nd Reign, 1815-1824, AR franc, 1824-B, KM-709.2, a pleasing mint state example, PCGS graded MS62.

FRANCE: Charles X, 1824-1830, AR 1/4 franc, 1829-B, KM-722.2, Gad-353, F-164, a wonderful lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS64.

FRANCE: Louis Philippe, 1830-1848, AR 1/4 franc, Paris, 1832-A, KM-740.1, better date/mintmark, lightly toned, nice eye appeal, NGC graded MS64.

FRANCE: Louis Philippe, 1830-1848, AE centime (1.50g), Paris, ND (1840), Mazard-1114, VG-2802, Gadoury-80, 15mm bronze essai 1 centime by Barre, laureate bust left with LOUIS PHILIPPE I - ROI DE FRANÇAIS around // "1 / CENTIME / ESSAI", much red, rare, plain edge, PCGS graded Specimen 65BN.

FRANCE: Louis Philippe, 1830-1848, AR 1/4 franc, Paris, 1840-A, KM-740.1, lightly toned, NGC graded MS64.

FRANCE: Napoleon III, 1852-1870, AR 5 francs, 1856-A, KM-782.1, lightly cleaned, PCGS graded Unc details.

FRANCE: AR jeton, "1861" (1880), Fr. 1820, 36mm silver jeton on the Founding of the Academies and Scientific Societies established in 1820 by Farochon, bust of Jacques Auguste de Thou slightly right with IAC. AVG. - DE THOV around // perspective view of the Great Reading Room with ET IN EA INVENIES THESAVRVM on banner above and "SOC DES BIBLIOPH FR / FONDEE EN 1820" in exergue, beautiful original tone with golden highlights, plain edge, PCGS graded MS62. Jacques Auguste de Thou was Grand Master of the Royal Library, in addition to being a historian and diplomat.

FRANCE: Third Republic, AE 2 centimes, 1878-A, KM-827.1, Gad-105, F-109, a stunning chocolate-brown gem example, PCGS graded MS66 BN. The single finest graded example (Top Pop) at PCGS.

FRANCE: Third Republic, 4 centimes (3.41g), ND (1889), Maz-2318, Gad-259.3, 22mm pattern essai; allegorical representations of Commerce and Industry // PROJET / T - M / NICKEL on reverse, a wonderful specimen quality example! PCGS graded Specimen 64.

FRANCE: Third Republic, 1 centime (2.34g), ND (1889), Maz-2320, Gad-259.1, 18mm pattern essai; allegorical representations of Commerce and Industry // PROJET / T - M / NICKEL on reverse, a wonderful specimen quality example! PCGS graded Specimen 64.

FRANCE: Louis XIV, 1643-1715, AE medal, 1691, Divo-239, 41mm bronze medal by Mauger for the Capture of the Fortress of Montmélian; LUDOVICUS XIIII. REX CHRISTIANISSIMUS around bust of King right // MONSMELIANUS CAPTUS above Victory seated on mortars next to flags as she writes on shield, view of City and Castle upon a hill in background, a wonderful mint state example! PCGS graded MS64. This medal celebrates the capture of the town and fortress of Montmélian during the Nine Years' War in Piedmont-Savoy, as part of French King Louis XIV's campaign against Victor Amadeus, the Duke of Savoy, who had sided with the Grand Alliance the previous year.

FRANCE: Louis XIV, 1643-1715, AE medal, 1697, Divo-271, 41mm bronze medal by Mauger commemorating French Military Victories from 1643 to 1697; LUDOVICUS MAGNUS REX CHRISTIANISSIMUS around laureate bust of Louis XIV right // VICTOR PERPETUO above trophy of arms with crown above; in exergue, OB EXPUG. CCCL URBES / LX AN. MDCXLIII. AB AN. / MDCXCVII, wonderful mint state example! PCGS graded MS64.

FRANCE: Lorraine, AE medal, 1715, Feuardent-7566, 35mm bronze medal for the Return of the Ducal Family to Nancy in 1714 by S.V., bust right of Duchess Élizabeth-Charlotte d'Orléans (wife of Leopold) with ELIS CAR AVRELIAN LEOP I CONIVX FIDELISSIMA AVGG OPt. MATER around // the draped Duchess in the guise of Urania, standing facing with head left, with her three sons standing half-naked on her right, and her two draped daughters on her left, with "ET ADHUC HOS PROLE BEABIT AN REGNI 17" around and "NANC URB OT 1715" in exergue, lightly silvered, prooflike, plain edge, PCGS graded MS62 BN.

FRANCE: Napoleon I, 1804-1814, 1815, AE medal (35.27g), 1806, Bramsen-534, Julius-1589, 40mm bronze medal by Andrieu and Brenet; mintmaster Denon, commemorating the Confederation of the Rhine; NAPOLEON EMP ET ROI, laureate head right; ANDRIEU F. DENON DIRT. in two lines below // fourteen German princes standing in a semicircle, placing right hands on fasces surmounted by Imperial Eagle; CONFEDERATION DU RHIN MDCCCVI. in three lines in exergue, BRENET F. lower left, DENON DT. lower right, very light obverse oxidation, plain edge, Unc.

FRANCE: AE medal, 1811, Bramsen-1144, 43mm unissued bronze award medal of the Athenaeum in Avignon by Andrieu, reclined nude nymph to right on bench with lyre and pedastal with wreaths to left, rock outcropping and tree behind, and MUSIS ARTIBUS ARVIS / M.DCCC.XI in exergue // blank center inside oak wreath with G. DE STASSART PRESIDANT DE L'ATHÉNÉE DE VAUCLUSE Á F. PÉTRARQUE - M.DCCC.XI. around, NGC graded MS64 BN.

FRANCE: AE medal, 1822, Collignon-355, Bergsøe-91, Lange-164b, 41mm bronze medal by Jean-Bertrand Andrieu commemorating the Visit of the Prince and Princess of Denmark to the Paris Mint; LL. AA. RR. LE PRINCE ET LA PRINCESSE DE DANEMARCK VISITt. LA MONN.aie DES MEDAILLES / "1822" around two flanked crowned oval shields under crowned ermine mantle, the left shield having the arms of Denmark and is wrapped with the collar of the Order of the Elephant; the right shield has arms of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenborg // two cherubs, perhaps Hymen and Love, making a rose wreath, superb specimen quality example! PCGS graded Specimen 65.

FRANCE: Napoleon III, 1852-1870, AR medal (37.03g), 1856, cf. Collignon-2061, 41mm silver medal for the Ministry of Agricultural Commerce of Paris by Caqué, laureate bust right with NAPOLEON III - EMPEREUR around // CONCOURS UNIVERSEL AGRie / PARIS / 1856 / PRODUITS AGRICOLES around the circle and (engraved) AMr MELCHLOR / DE BRUGHERA in center, all within fruit and grain wreath and MINISTERE DE L'AGRICULTURE DU COMMERCE ET DES TRAVAUX PUBLICS* around all, lightly cleaned, starting to retone, ARGENT and pointing hand privy mark on edge, AU. These award medals were to reward the organizers and participants of regional competitions, according to Collignon. He states that there are likely many similar issues still to be discovered and published.

FRANCE: Napoleon III, 1852-1870, AE medal, 1868, 40mm bronze medal by Charles Trotin for the International Maritime Exhibition in Havre; NAPOLEON III EMPEREUR S. A. LE PRINCE IMPERIAL around jugate busts of Napoleon III and the Prince Impérial, the future Napoleon IV, under a star, and HAMEL INV. C. TROTIN SC. below // "EXPOSITION MARITIME INTERNATIONALE DU HAVRE 1868" around cartouche inscribed DECERNÉE PAR LE JURY / NOMMÉ PAR LES EXPOSANTS under the arms of Le Havre crowned and supported by two dolphins, with FRANCE / ETATS-UNIS / PRUSSE / SUÈDE / NORWÈGE / HANSES / RUSSIE / ORIENT / OCÉANIE / ANGLETERRE / AUTRICHE / DANEMARK / ESPAGNE/ PORTUGAL / ITALIE / PAYS-BAS / SUISSE / AMÉRIQUE, a superb mint state example! PCGS graded MS65.

FRANCE: Third Republic, AE medal, 1878, 42mm bronze medal by Langmann for the Exposition Universelle; VILLE DE PARIS above coat of arms of the city, FLUCTUAT NEC MERGITUR on scroll below, and signed F. LANGMANN // EXPOSITION UNIVERSELLE above fair building, with PALAIS DU TROCADERO / 1ER MAI 1878 / PARIS below, a scarce type issued for the Exposition, a superb mint state example! PCGS graded MS65 RB.

FRANCE: Third Republic, AE medal (18.17g), 1889, VG-4113, 33mm bronze medal by Barre for the Exposition Universelle; REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE around bust left, BARRE below // REPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE / EXPOSITION UNIVERSELLE around CENTENAIRE / DE / 1789 within a crown of oak and olive tree under a radiating star, a wonderful red lustrous example! PCGS graded MS64 RD. The Exposition Universelle of 1889 was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from May 6 to October 31, 1889. It was the fifth of ten major expositions held in the city between 1855 and 1937. It attracted more than thirty-two million visitors. The most famous structure created for the exposition, and still remaining, is the Eiffel Tower.

FRANCE: Republic, AR medal (63.64g), ND (ca. 1940?), 51mm silver award medal (unawarded) for the Chambre de Commerce de Boulogne Sur-Mer by A. Desaide, crossed caduceus and anchor with rope, on field with radiant all-seeing eye in triangle above, all within inner circle with CHAMBRE de COMMERCE de BOULOGNE SUR-MER around // blank center within oak and laurel wreath with PRIX DE LA CHAMBRE DE COMMERCE around, nice natural tone, ARGENT with cornucopia privy mark on edge, XF-AU.

FRANCE: AE medal, The 3rd Republic Médaille Militaire (Military Medal), with original ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Médaille Militaire (Military Medal) is a military decoration of the French Republic for other ranks for meritorious service and acts of bravery in action against an enemy force. It is the third highest award of the French Republic and the most senior entirely military active French decoration. The award was first established in 1852 by the first President of the French Republic, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte.The medal displays a silver laurel wreath, wrapped around a central gold medallion bearing the left profile of Marianne, effigy of the French Republic. The central gold medallion is surrounded by a blue enamelled ring bearing the gilt inscription RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE 1870. The medal is topped by a device composed of a breastplate superimposed over crossed cannons, a naval anchor, sabers, swords and battle axes, to which the suspension ring passes through a loop for attachment to a ribbon. The reverse of the medallion is common to all variants since the inception of the award, it bears the relief inscription on three lines VALEUR ET DISCIPLINE and is surrounded by a blue enamelled ring.

FRANCE: AE medal, Commemorative Medal of the 1870–1871 War, with original ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Commemorative medal of the 1870–1871 War (Médaille commémorative de la guerre 1870–1871) was a French military campaign medal awarded to those who served during the Franco-Prussian War. The war, declared by Emperor Napoleon III on Prussia on July 19, 1870, ended in defeat for France and terminated in the Treaty of Frankfurt of May 10, 1871. The Commemorative medal of the 1870–1871 War was awarded to veterans of the Franco-Prussian War who could prove, with an official document, their service under French colors in France or Algeria, or on board armed naval vessels, between the months of July 1870 and February 1871. Its obverse bore the relief image of the effigy of the "warrior republic" in the form of the left profile of a helmeted woman's bust wearing armor. On either side, the relief inscription along the outer medal circumference reads RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE. The reverse bore at its lower center a rectangle bearing the relief inscription AUX DÉFENSEURS DE LA PATRIE, superimposed over the relief images of military weapons (sabres, lances, and cannons), a naval anchor and a flowing banner, at its top, the relief years 1870 / 1871 bisected by the banner's mast.

FRANCE: AE medal, The Commemorative Medal for Security Operations and the Maintenance of Order (Médaille Commémorative des Opérations de Sécurité et de Maintien de l'Ordre en Afrique du Nord), with Order of Tahiti Nui ribbon, VF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Commemorative Medal for Security Operations and the Maintenance of Order is a French commemorative medal for award to members of the French armed forces and French civil servants under military authority for service in French North Africa during the hectic years that would become the end of French colonialism in the region. The obverse, engraved by Georges Lemaire, bore an allegorical image of the warrior French Republic wearing a helmet adorned with an oak leaf wreath and surrounded by the relief inscription along the medal circumference "RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE." This pre-January 1958 variant has a relief inscription on four lines MÉDAILLE / COMMÉMORATIVE / D'AFRIQUE / DU NORD surrounded by a wreath of oak and olive leaves along the medal circumference.

FRANCE: AE medal, Order of Agricultural Merit (Ordre du Mérite Agricole), Officer Class, with original ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Order of Agricultural Merit (Ordre du Mérite Agricole) is an order of merit in three classes bestowed by the French Republic for outstanding contributions to agriculture. When it was created in 1883, it was second in importance only to the Legion of Honor within the French order of precedence. On the obverse at its center is a gilt medallion bearing the effigy of the republic in the form of the relief right profile of a woman's head; the medallion is surrounded by a narrow blue enamelled band bearing the golden semi-circular inscription RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE. On the reverse, the gilt medallion bears the relief inscription on three lines "MÉRITE / AGRICOLE / 1883"; it is surrounded by a plain blue-enamelled band.

FRANCE: AE medal, 1917, Wurzbach-9029, 37mm silver medal by Seraphin E. Vernier, City of Verdun Medal of Recognition; ON NE PASSE PAS (They Shall not Pass) above a figure representing the ever-youthful spirit of Verdun: a young woman with clenched fist, a helmet on her head and a sword in her hand // VERDUN above old gateway to the citadel, "21 FEVRIER 1916" below, with certificate and original case of issue, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63. The Battle of Verdun, the largest and longest battle between the French and German armies on the Western Front, began on February 21, 1916. On November 20, the Town Council of Verdun dedicated the Verdun medal to "The heroes, known and unknown, both dead and living, who have triumphed over the barbarians’ onslaught and immortalized her name throughout the world and for ages to come."

FRANCE: AE medal, the 1914–1918 Commemorative War Medal (Médaille Commémorative de la Guerre 1914–1918), with original ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The 1914–1918 Commemorative War Medal was awarded to soldiers and sailors for service in World War I. It was also awarded to civilians who met certain requirements. Created by the Act of June 23, 1920, it was awarded to any military member for service between August 2, 1914 and November 11, 1918. It is also given to civilians who served in the same period in the Army or the Interior. On the obverse is an effigy of a youthful Minerva in profile, wearing the helmet of 1915, representing France. She is crowned with laurels and holding a sword in her left hand. There are bay leaves mixed with oak leaves at the top to join a horizontal slit, through which the ribbon passes and is attached to the medal. On the reverse is the legend: GRANDE GUERRE 1914-1918, surrounded by the inscription REPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE.

FRANCE: AE medal, The Escapees' Medal (Médaille des Évadés), with original ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Escapees' Medal (Médaille des Évadés) is a military award bestowed by the government of France to individuals who were prisoners of war and who successfully escaped internment or died as a result of their escape attempt. The "Escapees' Medal" was established by a 1926 law, intended to honor combatants not only of the First World War, but also of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. Its statute was later amended to include combatants of the Second World War and later conflicts. Its design is from the French engraver A. Dubois. Its obverse bears the relief left profile bust of Marianne crowned with branches of oak; along the outer circumference is the relief inscription REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE. On its reverse, at center, the relief inscription is MÉDAILLE DES ÉVADÉS in three lines, surrounded by a wreath of oak branches.

FRANCE: AE medal, The Combatant's Cross (Croix du Combattant), with original ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Combatant's Cross (Croix du Combattant) is a French decoration that recognizes, as its name implies, those who fought in combat for France. The Poilus (French combat soldiers) of World War I worked toward recognition by the government, of a special status to those who had participated in the bitter fighting of 1914–1918 (as opposed to those who served behind the lines). The law of December 19, 1926 created la "carte du combattant", or combatant's card, for veterans of 1914–1918, as well as for the veterans of the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) and colonial wars before the First World War. On the obverse at center is the effigy of the Republic wearing an Adrian's helmet crowned with laurel leaves surrounded by the relief inscription REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE. On the reverse is the relief inscription CROIX DU COMBATTANT along the lower circumference, framing a vertical sword pointing down, with rays protruding horizontally and up from the hilt.

FRANCE: AE medal, The French Croix de Guerre (War Cross) 1914–1918, with original ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (War Cross) was a French military decoration, the first version of the Croix de Guerre. It was created to recognize French and allied soldiers who were cited for valorous service during World War I, similar to the British mentioned in dispatches but with multiple degrees equivalent to other nations' decorations for courage. The cross was designed by the sculptor Paul-Albert Bartholomé. It is a florentine bronze cross pattée, with two crossed swords pointing up between the arms. The obverse center medallion bears the relief image of the French Republic in the form of the bust of a young woman wearing a Phrygian cap surrounded by the circular relief inscription RÉPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE. Not knowing how long the war would last, the reverse center medallion bears the dates 1914–1915, 1914–1916, 1914–1917 and finally 1914–1918.

FRANCE: AE medal, The Inter Allied Victory Medal (Médaille Interalliée de la Victoire), with original ribbon, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Allied Victory Medal was recommended by an inter-allied committee in March 1919. Fourteen victorious countries finally awarded the medal after World War I, and each allied nation would design a ‘Victory Medal’ for award to their own nationals. Certain features were to be shared, such as the same ribbon and for most countries, a winged figure of Victory. The obverse shows the winged Goddess of Victory, holding a laurel wreath or olive branch, with a sword in its sheath. The reverse inscription reads "LA GRANDE GUERRE POUR LA CIVILISATION 1914-1918" (The Great War for Civilization), with a small Phrygian cap separating "R" and "F" (République Française).

FRANCE: AE medal, Cross of Voluntary Military Services (Croix des Services Militaires Volontaires), with original ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Cross for Voluntary Military Service was a French decoration created on May 13, 1934, to reward volunteers in the military reserve forces. It was awarded in three grades; bronze, silver, and gold, for voluntary service, distinct from combat-specific awards. The obverse features a helmeted head, the inscription "REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE," and a ribbon with a central red stripe flanked by blue, and includes privy marks of the Monnaie de Paris.

FRANCE: AE medal, The 1939-1945 Commemorative War Medal, with "FRANCE" and "LIBERATION" clasps, with original ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The 1939–1945 Commemorative War Medal (Médaille Commémorative de la Guerre 1939–1945) is a commemorative medal of France established on May 21, 1946 to recognize individual participation in the Second World War. The obverse bears the relief image of a rooster superimposed in front of a Cross of Lorraine, its wings spread out and standing on a broken chain. The reverse bears the semi-circular relief inscription RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE over a sprig of laurel leaves and the inscription on three lines "GUERRE / 1939 / 1945."

FRANCE: AR medal, Colonial Medal (Médaille Coloniale), with EXTRÊME-ORIENT clasp, and original ribbon, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Colonial Medal was a French decoration created by the "loi de finances" of July 26, 1893 to reward "military services in the colonies, resulting from participation in military operations, in a colony or a protectorate." The Extrême-Orient clasp for the French Colonial Medal was instituted on August 5, 1946. It was awarded to military personnel for service against the Japanese from March 9 to September 10, 1945 and against Viet Minh forces from September 23, 1945, onwards in Indo-China. Eligibility was extended to civilians on July 19, 1948.

FRANCE: AE medal, Volunteer Combatant's Cross (Croix du Combattant Volontaire), with original ribbon of issue, VF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Volunteer Combatant's Cross was a French decoration that recognized those who volunteered to serve in a combat unit during World War II. The obverse has a round central medallion with the legend surrounding REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE, with an effigy of a helmeted Poilu (World War I infantryman) on a sword drawn vertically on the arms of the cross which is covered with laurel and oak leaves in relief. The reverse has a central medallion with a branch of laurel and is surrounded by the inscription: "COMBATTANT VOLONTAIRE 1939–1945." The reverse of the 1983 version has no date. The cross arms are covered with leaves of laurel and oak in relief.

FRANCE: AR order, Order of Academic Palms (Ordre des Palmes Académiques), Knight (Chevalier) class, with original ribbon, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Ordre des Palmes académiques is a national order bestowed by the French Republic on distinguished academics and teachers and for valuable service to universities, education and science. It was originally established in 1808 by Emperor of the French Napoleon as a decoration to honor eminent members of the University of Paris.

BADEN: Leopold I, 1830-1852, AE gedenkkreuzer, 1832, KM-XM1, commemorating the Recovery of Grand Duchess Sophie after the Birth of Prince Karl, a superb mint state example! PCGS graded MS65 BN.

BADEN: Leopold I, 1830-1852, 1 gedenkkreuzer, 1832, KM-XM1a var, trail strike in white metal, commemorating the Recovery of Grand Duchess Sophie after the Birth of Prince Karl, a wonderful mint state example! PCGS graded MS64.

BAVARIA: Maximilian I Joseph, 1805-1825, AE heller, 1829, KM-679, C-155, a fantastic example, PCGS graded MS66 RD.

BAVARIA: Maximilian I Joseph, 1805-1825, AE heller, 1829, KM-679, C-155, a superb example, PCGS graded MS65 RD.

BAVARIA: Maximilian I Joseph, 1805-1825, AE heller, 1829, KM-679, C-155, a superb example, PCGS graded MS64 RD.

BAVARIA: AE medal, 1865, Hauser-539, 37mm bronze medal for the 25th Anniversary of the Munich Singer's Guild; EIN MEISTER DER ERSANN GESELLE DER WAS KANN U: LEHRLING JEDERMANN around harp with an oak wreath and fluttering ribbon // "25 JÄHRIGES / JUBILÄUM / DER / BÜRGERSÄNGER / ZUNFT / MÜNCHEN / 1840-65," a wonderful mint state example! PCGS graded MS64.

BAVARIA: AR medal (15.00g), 1910, 33mm .990 fine silver medal, made by Ritzer Heinloth, commemorating the Zimmerstutzen Shooting Competition at the 1910 Oktoberfest, the 100th jubilee of the original 1810 Oktoberfest for the wedding of Crown Prince Ludwig and Princess Therese, with conjoined busts of the Crown Prince and Crown Princess left // oak tree between the two towers of the Frauenkirche; bust of Luitpold, the Prince Regent, right on oval plaque over the foliage, maker's name and fineness stamped on edge, some faint hairlines, toned, XF.

BRUNSWICK-LÜNEBURG: Wilhelm, 1195-1213, AR denier bracteate (0.52g), Löbbecke-169, Welter-95, Bonhoff -76, Fiala-270, lion left within inner circle, XF.

BRUNSWICK-LÜNEBURG-CALENBERG-HANOVER: George III, 1760-1814, AR 1/6 thaler, 1804, KM-419, initials GFM, St. Andrew, nice original toning, PCGS graded AU55.

BRUNSWICK-LÜNEBURG-CELLE: Christian, 1611-1633, AR 1-1/4 thaler (36.33g), ND (1622), KM-340 (Wolfenbüttel), Dav-6314, Museler-10.2/48e, Welter-1051, St. Andreasberg Mine issue, "Lucky Redemtion Note," Fortuna on a sphere in a seascape, 1¼ stamped in left field // four scenes of hunting, fishing, mining, and metal smelting above inscription, pierced and lightly gilt, lightly cleaned with a few obverse scratches, plain edge, VF.

BRUNSWICK-LÜNEBURG-CELLE: August I, 1633-1636, AR 1/2 thaler, Clausthal, 1636, KM-131, Welter-892, mintmaster initials HS, Death of August I commemorative, gilt and mount removed, Fine, ex Bruun Rasmussen Online Auction 1951, Lot 5248.

BRUNSWICK-LÜNEBURG-CELLE: Friedrich V, 1636-1648, AR thaler (28.74g), 1639, KM-146.2, Dav-6494, initials HS, probable ex-mount (well removed), some scratches, VF.

BRUNSWICK-LÜNEBURG-CELLE: Christian Ludwig, 1648-1665, AR thaler (28.74g), 1658, KM-211. Dav-6521, initials LW, rearing horse, ex-mount, Choice VF.

BRUNSWICK-WOLFENBÜTTEL: Anton Ulrich, 1685-1714, AR 24 mariengroschen (12.95g), 1708, KM-685, wildman type, very lightly cleaned, XF.

EISLEBEN: AR medal, 1883, Whiting-774, 31mm silver medal on the 400th Birthday of Martin Luther, bust right with "DR. MARTIN LUTHER - GEB. ZU EISLEBEN 10 NOVBR. 1483" around // facing view of birthplace of Luther with banner above reading "DER JUBELFEIER 1883," key and chalice in side panels, and open book below with inscription "RÖM. / CAP. 3 / VERS / 28" with small palm wreath behind, with integral loop, sublime toning, very rare, plain edge, PCGS graded MS64.

HAMBURG: Free City, AR 32 schilling, 1733, KM-384, initials IHL, blotchy tone, very lightly cleaned, tiny reverse edge defect, AU.

HAMBURG: AE medal, 1849, Gaedechens-2091, Wurzbach-3535, Oetling Coll.-1386, 44mm bronze medal on the Consecration of St. Petri Church on May 7, 1849 by H. Wilkens and Sons, three-quarter view of the church with MIT GOTT F(I)RSTAND AUS SCHUTT UND GRAUS AUF ALTEM GRUND SEIN N(U)EEUS HAUS around and ST. PETRI KIRCHE / IN HAMBURG in exergue // perspective view of the interior of the church with high altar with "EINGEWEIHET AM 7 MAI / 1849" in exergue, bronzed, in extra thick PCGS holder, PCGS graded Specimen 64. This church replaced the one that burned down on May 7, 1842.

LIPPE-DETMOLD: Simon August, 1734-1782, AR 1/3 thaler, Detmold, 1772, KM-202, Grote-269, a lovely example, PCGS graded MS63.

LÜNEBURG: Henry the Lion, as Duke of Saxony, 1142-1180, AR bracteate (0.57g), Berger-361, Bonhoff-76, lion standing left with right forepaw raised, light toning, Choice VF.

NUREMBERG: Free Imperial City, AR pfennig, 1682, KM-193, coat of arms of Nürnberg, uniface, PCGS graded MS64.

NUREMBERG: Free Imperial City, AR pfennig, 1791, KM-377, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS64.

NUREMBERG: Free Imperial City, AR pfennig, 1791, KM-377, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS64.

PRUSSIA: Friedrich Wilhelm IV, 1840-1861, AE medal, 1840, Marienburg-3851, Henckel-2410, 41mm bronze medal by F.W. Loos on the Death of King Friedrich Wilhelm III, "FRIEDRICH WILHELM III KOENIG VON PREUSSEN GEB. D. 3 AUG. 1770," around bust left // VOLLENDET IST SEIN THUN UNENDLICH BLEIBT DER SEEGEN around The Angel of Death with his torch lowered, turning a page in the book of the personification of history, who sits next to him holding the book, designer's names of KONIG F. and LOOS D. on either side, "HEIMGEGANGEN / D. 7 IUNI 1840" in exergue, a wonderful specimen quality example! PCGS graded Specimen 65.

PRUSSIA: Wilhelm I, 1861-1888, AE 3 pfennig, Cleve, 1868-C, KM-482, some red, great eye appeal, NGC graded MS65 BN.

PRUSSIA: Wilhelm II, 1888-1918, AR 2 mark, 1901, KM-525, Jaeger-105, 200th Anniversary of the Kingdom of Prussia, lightly toned, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66.

PRUSSIA: gilt AE medal, Service Award Cross (Preußisches Dienstauszeichnungskreuz), with red ribbon, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Service Award Cross was an award for long-time service as a civil servant or member of the military. Prussia issued this service cross for 25 years of service for officers and military doctors and it was issued from 1825-1920. Constructed of gilt bronze, with a central crowned Royal Monogram of Friedrich Wilhelm III on obverse and a central "XXV" for 25 years of service on the reverse.

SAXONY: Johann Georg IV, 1691-1694, AR 2/3 thaler, 1693-IK, KM-641, Dresden Mint, VF-XF, ex Almer H. Orr III Collection, ex SARC Auction 48, Lot 2164.

SAXONY: Francis Xavier, 1763-1768, AR thaler, 1765, KM-976, Dav-2678, mintmaster initials EDC, faint hairlines, F-VF.

SAXONY: Friedrich August III, 1904-1918, AR 3 mark, Muldenhutten, 1913-E, KM-1275, Battle of Leipzig Centennial, nicely toned, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66.

SAXONY: Weimar Republic, AE inflation token, 1923, AFA-187, J-66, 29mm bronze "Hörnlein" medal; crouching woman in a pose of despair holding her arm over the shoulder of a nude child // 1923 / IM JULI KOST: / IN SACHSEN / 1 LITER MILCH / 2700 MARK / 1 PFUND BUTTER / 48000 MARK / 1 PFD. ZUCKER / 3500 MK. within wreath of thorns, a superb mint state example! PCGS graded MS65 RB, ex Robert Ball Nachfolger Münzenhandlung, Berlin with original ticket. During the Weimar Republic's hyperinflation of 1923, Sachsen (Saxony) saw the creation of "Hörnlein" medals, a form of emergency currency and satirical commentary on the soaring prices, featuring images and text reflecting the extreme economic hardship. Robert Ball established a numismatic business in Berlin in 1887 and published sales lists, originally at Wilhelmstraße 138, Berlin, then later at Wilhelmstraße 46/47. The company was continued in 1913 by Johanna Grünthal as Robert Ball’s successor.

SAXONY: Weimar Republic, AE inflation token, 1923, AFA-190, J-69, 29mm bronze "Hörnlein" medal; crouching woman in a pose of despair holding her arm over the shoulder of a nude child // 1923 / IM OKTOB. KOST: / IN SACHSEN / 1 LITER MILCH / 1 MILLIARDEN / 1 PFUND BUTTER / 40 MILLIARDEN / 1 PFD. ZUCKER / 4 MILLIARDEN within wreath of thorns, a superb mint state example! PCGS graded MS65 RB, ex Adolph Hess Nachfolger, Frankfurt am Main with original ticket. During the Weimar Republic's hyperinflation of 1923, Sachsen (Saxony) saw the creation of "Hörnlein" medals, a form of emergency currency and satirical commentary on the soaring prices, featuring images and text reflecting the extreme economic hardship. In 1871 a new numismatic publication called Autographierte Numismatische Correspondenz appeared in Frankfurt am Main. The editor was the numismatist and merchant Adolph Hess, who had opened a small coin store in Giessen the year before. The new publication served as his first printed stock list. On October 5th, Hess moved his business to Frankfurt, first to Höllgasse 6 near the Dom, and finally in 1873 to Bethmannstraße 6, where he started to hold public coin auctions.

SAXE-NEW WEIMAR: Wilhelm, 1641-1662, white metal medal, 1661, Koppe-353, Merseburger-3883, 22mm white medal metal for the construction of a large globe on the castle in Jena; D.G. WILHELM DUX SAX. IVL. CLIV. CTM. around bust of Duke right // IENAE DEC9 ARCIS ET ARTIS OPUS (The ornament of Jena is a work of fortress and art) and date around castle of Jena with globe on the roof, PCGS graded AU. Koppe refers to Röblitz, who held the opinion that fewer than 100 in silver of this memorial piece have been minted, which explains the extraordinary rarity. Under the mathematician and astronomer Erhard Weigel, the Duke had a large sky globe built on the castle, a precursor of modern planetariums.

SAXE-WEIMAR-EISENACH: Karl Friedrich, 1828-1853, AE medal (39.62g), ND (1829), Frede-32, Goethe-1403, Merseburger-4023, 42mm bronze medal by Angelica Facius and Gottfried Loos for the Death of Karl August; CAROLI AVGUSTI OPTIMI PRINCIPIS around bust right of former Grand Duke // MEMORIAE AETERNAE and butterfly above intertwined laurel and oak wreaths between cypress branches, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63. Karl August, was grand duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach from 1815 until his death. He is noted for the intellectual brilliance of his court. Angelica Bellonata Facius (1806-1887) was a female German sculptor, gem engraver, and medallist. She was influenced by the intellectual circles around Goethe and initially studied art with Christian Daniel Rauch in Berlin. Her unusual talents brought her the support of many in the artistic community, including the famous medalist, Gottfried Bernhard Loos, as well as Goethe himself. In Berlin from 1827 to 1834, she was under apprenticeship with Rauch. While there, she lodged with the family of Goethe's friend, the composer, Carl Friedrich Zelter, who kept Goethe informed of her progress.

SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN: AE medal (14.63g), 1849, Lange-187, Bergsøe-218, 32mm bronze medal by F. Löwenstein for the Victory against the Danes at the Battle at Eckernförde; the coast of the Bay of Eckernförde with cannon batteries at left and at upper right with two cannons, and the city at center; on the bay, two Danish ships are close to the coast and the "Christian VIII" is burning and sinking, engraver's name below, in exergue // DEN TAPFEREN DEUTSCHEN KRIEGERN GEWIDMET around central legend, "ZERSTÖRUNG / D.DÄN.LINIENSCHIFFES / CHRISTIAN VIII / UND / EROBERUNG / DER FREGATTE / GEFION / ECKERNFÖRDE / 5 APRIL 1849," a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63. The Battle of Eckernförde was a Danish naval assault on Schleswig. The Danes were defeated and two of their ships were lost, with the surviving crew being detained.

SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN-SCHAUENBURG: Ernst, 1601-1622, AR 1/16 thaler, 1617, KM-77, N-37304, a lovely example, PCGS graded MS63.

STUTTGART: AR medalet, 1817, Whiting-606, Binder-34, Brozatus-1255a, Wurster Coll.-1876, 20mm unsigned silver medalet for the 300th Anniversary of the Reformation, silver strike of the ducat issue, bust of Martin Luther right with DR MARTIN LUTHER - EIN VESTE BURG IST UNSER GOTT around // "* / ZUM / III.IUBELFEST / DER EVANGEL: / KIRCHE with STUTTGART / DEN 31. OCTBR: / 1817.", attractive tone, engrailed edge, PCGS graded MS62.

WALDECK-PYRMONT: Georg Friedrich Heinrich, 1813-1845, AE 1/2 groschen, Arolsen, 1825, KM-141, J-23, AKS-32, many traces of red, a lovely example, PCGS graded MS63 BN.

GERMANY: Kaiserreich, AR mark, 1909-A, KM-14, J-17, a fantastic mint state example! PCGS graded MS66.

GERMANY: Kaiserreich, 25 pfennig, 1910-A, KM-18, PCGS graded MS64.

GERMANY: Kaiserreich, 10 pfennig, 1914-A, KM-12, J-13, a wonderful example, PCGS graded MS64.

GERMANY: Kaiserreich, AE 1/2 mark, 1916-D, KM-17, J-16, a fantastic lustrous example! PCGS graded MS66.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR medal (54.47g), ND (ca. 1920?), 60x40mm silver award medal (unawarded), discus thrower within circular stylized laurel wreath, unevenly toned, plain edge, XF. Tentative attribution.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, porcelain medal, 1922, Scheuch-488k, 51mm brown porcelain medal with black highlights by Emil Paul Börner, Berlin "Hungertaler" (hunger thaler) type; "GOTT BESSERE DIE ZEIT UND LÄUFFTE / HUNGERTALER 1922" around a woman with a child in her lap and arms outstretched pleading for help // GROSSE TEURUNG SCHLECHTE NAHRUNG around winter oak tree without foliage, made at the Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen, a splendid quality example! PCGS graded MS67. Emil Paul Börner (1888-1970) was a German painter, sculptor, and medalist who also worked for the Meissen porcelain manufactory. Hardly any other artist of the time even came close to achieving his almost unstoppable productivity and creativity during the so-called "Pfeiffer era" (1918–1933).

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, porcelain medal, 1922, Scheuch-488w, 51mm white porcelain medal with black highlights by Emil Paul Börner, Berlin "Hungertaler" (hunger thaler) type; "GOTT BESSERE DIE ZEIT UND LÄUFFTE / HUNGERTALER 1922", around a woman with a child in her lap and arms outstretched pleading for help // GROSSE TEURUNG SCHLECHTE NAHRUNG around winter oak tree without foliage, made at the Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen, a fantastic quality example! PCGS graded MS66. Emil Paul Börner (1888-1970) was a German painter, sculptor, and medalist who also worked for the Meissen porcelain manufactory. Hardly any other artist of his time even came close to achieving his almost unstoppable productivity and creativity during the so-called "Pfeiffer era" (1918–1933).

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, porcelain medal, 1922, Scheuch-488w, 51mm white porcelain medal with black highlights by Emil Paul Börner, Berlin "Hungertaler" (hunger thaler) type; "GOTT BESSERE DIE ZEIT UND LÄUFFTE / HUNGERTALER 1922", around a woman with a child in her lap and arms outstretched pleading for help // GROSSE TEURUNG SCHLECHTE NAHRUNG around winter oak tree without foliage, made at the Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen, a fantastic quality example! PCGS graded MS66. Emil Paul Börner (1888-1970) was a German painter, sculptor, and medalist who also worked for the Meissen porcelain manufactory. Hardly any other artist of his time even came close to achieving his almost unstoppable productivity and creativity during the so-called "Pfeiffer era" (1918–1933).

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, porcelain medal, 1922, Scheuch-488y, 51mm white porcelain medal with black & brown highlights by Emil Paul Börner, Berlin "Hungertaler" (hunger thaler) type; "GOTT BESSERE DIE ZEIT UND LÄUFFTE / HUNGERTALER 1922", around a woman with a child in her lap and arms outstretched pleading for help // GROSSE TEURUNG SCHLECHTE NAHRUNG around winter oak tree without foliage, made at the Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen, a fantastic quality example! PCGS graded MS66. Emil Paul Börner (1888-1970) was a German painter, sculptor, and medalist who also worked for the Meissen porcelain manufactory. Hardly any other artist of his time even came close to achieving his almost unstoppable productivity and creativity during the so-called "Pfeiffer era" (1918–1933).

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, porcelain medal, 1922, Scheuch-488a, 51mm brown porcelain medal by Emil Paul Börner, Berlin "Hungertaler" (hunger thaler) type; "GOTT BESSERE DIE ZEIT UND LÄUFFTE / HUNGERTALER 1922", around a woman with a child in her lap and arms outstretched pleading for help // GROSSE TEURUNG SCHLECHTE NAHRUNG around winter oak tree without foliage, made at the Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen, a fantastic quality example! PCGS graded MS66. Emil Paul Börner (1888-1970) was a German painter, sculptor, and medalist who also worked for the Meissen porcelain manufactory. Hardly any other artist of his time even came close to achieving his almost unstoppable productivity and creativity during the so-called "Pfeiffer era" (1918–1933).

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, porcelain medal, 1922, Scheuch-488a, 51mm brown porcelain medal by Emil Paul Börner, Berlin "Hungertaler" (hunger thaler) type; "GOTT BESSERE DIE ZEIT UND LÄUFFTE / HUNGERTALER 1922", around a woman with a child in her lap and arms outstretched pleading for help // GROSSE TEURUNG SCHLECHTE NAHRUNG around winter oak tree without foliage, made at the Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen, a fantastic quality example! PCGS graded MS66. Emil Paul Börner (1888-1970) was a German painter, sculptor, and medalist who also worked for the Meissen porcelain manufactory. Hardly any other artist of his time even came close to achieving his almost unstoppable productivity and creativity during the so-called "Pfeiffer era" (1918–1933).

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, porcelain medal, 1922, Scheuch-488n, 51mm white porcelain medal by Emil Paul Börner, Berlin "Hungertaler" (hunger thaler) type; "GOTT BESSERE DIE ZEIT UND LÄUFFTE / HUNGERTALER 1922", around a woman with a child in her lap and arms outstretched pleading for help // GROSSE TEURUNG SCHLECHTE NAHRUNG around winter oak tree without foliage, made at the Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen, a superb quality example! PCGS graded MS65. Emil Paul Börner (1888-1970) was a German painter, sculptor, and medalist who also worked for the Meissen porcelain manufactory. Hardly any other artist of his time even came close to achieving his almost unstoppable productivity and creativity during the so-called "Pfeiffer era" (1918–1933).

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, porcelain medal, 1922, Scheuch-488w, 51mm white porcelain medal with black highlights by Emil Paul Börner, Berlin "Hungertaler" (hunger thaler) type; "GOTT BESSERE DIE ZEIT UND LÄUFFTE / HUNGERTALER 1922", around a woman with a child in her lap and arms outstretched pleading for help // GROSSE TEURUNG SCHLECHTE NAHRUNG around winter oak tree without foliage, made at the Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen, a wonderful quality example! PCGS graded MS64. Emil Paul Börner (1888-1970) was a German painter, sculptor, and medalist who also worked for the Meissen porcelain manufactory. Hardly any other artist of his time even came close to achieving his almost unstoppable productivity and creativity during the so-called "Pfeiffer era" (1918–1933).

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, porcelain medal, ND (1922), Scheuch-490, 50mm brown porcelain medal with black border, so-called Berlin "Black Shame" type; SCHWARZE SCHMACH UND KULTURSCHANDE, representation of the desecrated Lorelei as a screaming naked female figure held by a gorilla (personifying an African Colonial French soldier), flanked by two scepters with the heads of Gallic roosters; over the head of the gorilla is an aureole with the initials RF for République Française above // DEUTSCHER NOT- UND SCHMACHTALER (German Emergency Shame Thaler), kneeling, weeping boy between two oak tree stumps sprouting new growth, broken sword below, medal made at the Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen, Unc. This porcelain medal was issued as propaganda during the French occupation of the Rhineland following WWI to highlight German resentment toward the use of African colonial troops.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, porcelain medal, ND (1922), Scheuch-490, 50mm brown porcelain medal with gilt border, so-called Berlin "Black Shame" type; SCHWARZE SCHMACH UND KULTURSCHANDE, representation of the desecrated Lorelei as a screaming naked female figure held by a gorilla (personifying an African Colonial French soldier), flanked by two scepters with the heads of Gallic roosters; over the head of the gorilla is an aureole with the initials RF for République Française above // DEUTSCHER NOT- UND SCHMACHTALER (German Emergency Shame Thaler), kneeling, weeping boy between two oak tree stumps sprouting new growth, broken sword below, medal made at the Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen, Unc. This porcelain medal was issued as propaganda during the French occupation of the Rhineland following WWI to highlight German resentment toward the use of African colonial troops.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, porcelain medal, ND (1922), Scheuch-490, 50mm white porcelain medal with gilt border, so-called Berlin "Black Shame" type; SCHWARZE SCHMACH UND KULTURSCHANDE, representation of the desecrated Lorelei as a screaming naked female figure held by a gorilla (personifying an African Colonial French soldier), flanked by two scepters with the heads of Gallic roosters; over the head of the gorilla is an aureole with the initials RF for République Française above // DEUTSCHER NOT- UND SCHMACHTALER (German Emergency Shame Thaler), kneeling, weeping boy between two oak tree stumps sprouting new growth, broken sword below, medal made at the Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen, Unc. This porcelain medal was issued as propaganda during the French occupation of the Rhineland following WWI to highlight German resentment toward the use of African colonial troops.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, porcelain medal, ND (1922), Scheuch-490, 50mm white porcelain medal with black border, so-called Berlin "Black Shame" type; SCHWARZE SCHMACH UND KULTURSCHANDE, representation of the desecrated Lorelei as a screaming naked female figure held by a gorilla (personifying an African Colonial French soldier), flanked by two scepters with the heads of Gallic roosters; over the head of the gorilla is an aureole with the initials RF for République Française above // DEUTSCHER NOT- UND SCHMACHTALER (German Emergency Shame Thaler), kneeling, weeping boy between two oak tree stumps sprouting new growth, broken sword below, medal made at the Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen, Unc. This porcelain medal was issued as propaganda during the French occupation of the Rhineland following WWI to highlight German resentment toward the use of African colonial troops.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, porcelain medal, ND (1922), Scheuch-490, 50mm brown porcelain medal, so-called Berlin "Black Shame" type; SCHWARZE SCHMACH UND KULTURSCHANDE, representation of the desecrated Lorelei as a screaming naked female figure held by a gorilla (personifying an African Colonial French soldier), flanked by two scepters with the heads of Gallic roosters; over the head of the gorilla is an aureole with the initials RF for République Française above // DEUTSCHER NOT- UND SCHMACHTALER (German Emergency Shame Thaler), kneeling, weeping boy between two oak tree stumps sprouting new growth, broken sword below, medal made at the Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen, Unc. This porcelain medal was issued as propaganda during the French occupation of the Rhineland following WWI to highlight German resentment toward the use of African colonial troops.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, porcelain medal, ND (1922), Scheuch-490, 50mm white porcelain medal, so-called Berlin "Black Shame" type; SCHWARZE SCHMACH UND KULTURSCHANDE, representation of the desecrated Lorelei as a screaming naked female figure held by a gorilla (personifying an African Colonial French soldier), flanked by two scepters with the heads of Gallic roosters; over the head of the gorilla is an aureole with the initials RF for République Française above // DEUTSCHER NOT- UND SCHMACHTALER (German Emergency Shame Thaler), kneeling, weeping boy between two oak tree stumps sprouting new growth, broken sword below, medal made at the Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen, Unc. This porcelain medal was issued as propaganda during the French occupation of the Rhineland following WWI to highlight German resentment toward the use of African colonial troops.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, porcelain medal, ND (1922), Scheuch-490, 50mm white porcelain medal, so-called Berlin "Black Shame" type; SCHWARZE SCHMACH UND KULTURSCHANDE, representation of the desecrated Lorelei as a screaming naked female figure held by a gorilla (personifying an African Colonial French soldier), flanked by two scepters with the heads of Gallic roosters; over the head of the gorilla is an aureole with the initials RF for République Française above // DEUTSCHER NOT- UND SCHMACHTALER (German Emergency Shame Thaler), kneeling, weeping boy between two oak tree stumps sprouting new growth, broken sword below, medal made at the Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen, Unc. This porcelain medal was issued as propaganda during the French occupation of the Rhineland following WWI to highlight German resentment toward the use of African colonial troops.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 3 mark, 1924-E, KM-43, J-312, a superb lustrous example! PCGS graded MS65.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 3 reichsmark, Berlin, 1927-A, KM-53, Jaeger-330, 400th Anniversary-Philipps University in Marburg, lightly toned, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 3 reichsmark, Berlin, 1927-A, KM-53, Jaeger-330, 400th Anniversary-Philipps University in Marburg, attractive light toning, PCGS graded MS65.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 3 reichsmark, Berlin, 1927-A, KM-53, Jaeger-330, 400th Anniversary-Philipps University in Marburg, lustrous, PCGS graded MS65.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 3 reichsmark, 1927-A, KM-52, J-327, 1000th Anniversary of Nordhausen, a lovely lustrous example! PCGS graded MS63.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AE medal (272.6g), 1928, 88mm unsigned cast bronze award medal for the Regimental Sports Days of the 9th Prussian Infantry Regiment, bust of soldier left wearing German Army helmet with REGIMENTS SPORTTAGE 1928 - 9.PREUSS. INFANTERIE-REGIMENT around // laurel sprays at top and bottom with "20 x 100 m. / STAFFELLAUF / I.PREIS" between, with integral hanger and loop, plain edge, VF-XF.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR medal, 1928, Kaiser-935, 36mm silver medal by Josef Bernhart for the First Transatlantic East-West Flight; "ERSTER OST-WEST OZEANFLUG / 13. APRIL 1928" around facing bust of Hermann Köhl, wearing flying helmet; signature to right // V. HÜNEFELD KÖHL FITZMAURICE / BREMEN / EIN WILLE EINE TAT EIN SIEG with the aircraft Junkers W 33 "Bremen" flying left over the Atlantic Ocean, PREUSS. STAATSMÜNZE SILBER 900 FEIN on edge, with original case of issue, a lovely lightly toned specimen example! PCGS graded Specimen 63. On April 12, 1928 three European aviators, Germans Ehrenfried Günther Freiherr von Hünefeld and Hermann Köhl, and Irishman James Fitzmaurice, set out from Baldonnel Aerodrome in Ireland with the goal of completing the first east-west non-stop transatlantic flight (Lindbergh's being west-east, with tailwinds, thus faster). The crew faced a cloudy overnight sky and the compass caused them to drift far to the north. When Polaris was eventually spotted, they adjusted and turned south, eventually following the coast of Labrador in Canada. Faced with only a few hours of fuel remaining, the crew decided to land on Greenly Island, just a few miles within the province of Quebec, well north of the desired landing point of New York. Nevertheless, the crew's achievement was celebrated as a success, and they eventually received a celebratory parade in New York City.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 3 reichsmark, 1929-A, KM-62, Waldeck-Prussia Union, beautiful tone, mostly on the periphery, ICG graded MS64.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 3 reichsmark, 1931-A, KM-73, J-348, 100th Anniversary - Death of Heinrich vom Stein, a wonderful lustrous example! PCGS graded MS64.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AE 4 reichspfennig, 1932-E, KM-75, J-315, a superb mostly red lustrous example! PCGS graded MS65 RB.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR medal (21.73g), 1932, M&P-7-8/04, 37mm silver medal for The Tragedy of the Niobe; ALLES FURS VATERLAND / VOLKSSPENDE-NIOBE around sailing ship left and anchors at either side // DEN OPFERN VON FEHMARN ZUM GEDENKEN around long cross above water with date "26. 7. 1932" flanking cross, all within inner circle with small Iron Cross with foliage at bottom, with PREUSS 900 FEIN incuse on edge, a wonderful lustrous example! PCGS graded MS64. The Niobe disaster of 1932 was the tragic capsizing and sinking of the German Navy's sailing training ship Niobe in the Baltic Sea on July 26, 1932, due to a sudden, powerful squall, resulting in the deaths of 69 of the 109 people on board, mostly naval cadets.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AE 4 reichspfennig, 1932-E, KM-75, J-315, a wonderful red lustrous example! PCGS graded MS64 RD.

GERMANY: Third Reich, AE medal, 1933, Colbert & Hyder-33, 36mm unsigned bronze medal of Hindenburg and Hitler, conjoined busts left with "hindenburg hitler" above in Gothic script and "30.1.1933 5.3.1933" below // clasped hands above inscription "für ein freies / geeintes und Stolzes / Deutschland / hitler" in Gothic script, plain edge, a wonderful specimen quality example! PCGS graded Specimen 64.

GERMANY: Third Reich, AR 2 reichsmark, 1934-F, KM-84, J-358, 175th Anniversary of Friedrich Schiller's Birth, NGC graded AU55.

GERMANY: Third Reich, AR medal (21.77g), 1935, 35mm silver medal by Müseler for the Saarland Plebiscite; DEUTSCH DIE SAAR IMMERDAR around miner with safety lamp // "VOLKSABSTIMMUNG IM SAARGEBIET / 13.1.1935" around stylized map of the Saar region inscribed SAAR, BAYER HAUPTMÜNZAMT FEINSILBER on edge, matte finish, a wonderful specimen quality example! PCGS graded Specimen 64.

GERMANY: Third Reich, AR medal, 1935, 36mm silver medal by Fritz Koelle commemorating the 1935 Saarland Reunification; DEUTSCH DIE SAAR IMMERDAR and miner with safety lamp // "VOLKSABSTIMMUNG IM SAARGEBIET 13.1.1935" with stylized map of the Saar region, 835 PR. MÜNZE BERLIN on edge, matte finish, a lovely specimen quality example! PCGS graded Specimen 63.

GERMANY: Third Reich, AE reichspfennig, 1939-G, KM-89, J-361, a superb lustrous example! PCGS graded MS65 RB.

GERMANY: Third Reich, AR 2 reichsmark, 1939-A, KM-93, J-366, Paul von Hindenburg 1847-1934, a wonderful lustrous example! PCGS graded MS63.

GERMANY: Federal Republic, AE medal (139.5g), ND (ca. 1980), 85x75mm silvered bronze medal for "DOG" (German Olympic Company) by F. Hoffstätter, Bonn, monogram "DOG" in upper left field with stylized Olympic cauldron at right with the Olympic rings in the flames // FÜR BESONDERE / LEISTUNGEN / IM SPORT and DEUTSCHE / OLMPISCHE / GESELLSCHAFT in upper and lower fields respectively, rounded corners, in original plush case, plain edge, Gem Unc.

ENGLAND: Charles II, 1660-1685, AR maundy set, 1679, KM-MDS12, VF on average, all with light hairlines, with the threepence lightly polished; set of 4 coins.

ENGLAND: James II, 1685-1688, AR maundy set, 1686, KM-MDS22, VF on average, all with light polishing; set of 4 coins.

ENGLAND: William III & Mary II, 1689-1694, AR maundy set, 1691, KM-MDS26, F-VF, small gouge on the twopence; set of 4 coins.

ENGLAND: William III, 1694-1702, AR maundy set, 1698, KM-MDS30, various grades from Fine to EF, small cut on the threepence; set of 4 coins.

GREAT BRITAIN: Anne, 1702-1714, AR halfcrown, 1707, KM-525.1, S-3604, with sword countermark below bust, F-VF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

GREAT BRITAIN: Anne, 1702-1714, AR maundy set, 1713, KM-MDS40, EF, faint hairlines on the fourpence and penny; set of 4 coins.

GREAT BRITAIN: George I, 1714-1727, AR medalet (3.39g), ND (ca. 1714), Eimer-471, 25mm silver medalet of George I, draped, laureate, and armored bust right with GEORGIVS D G M B F ET H REX F D around // Royal shield within Garter, with scroll below inscribed DIEV ET MON DROIT, lightly cleaned, prooflike, lightly toned, plain edge, AU.

GREAT BRITAIN: George I, 1714-1727, AR maundy set, 1727, KM-MDS42, VF on average, all with light hairlines; set of 4 coins.

GREAT BRITAIN: George II, 1727-1760, AR maundy set, 1746, KM-MDS51, VF on average, all with light hairlines; set of 4 coins.

GREAT BRITAIN: George III, 1760-1820, AR maundy set, 1772, KM-MDS56, EF on average, small scratch on the threepence, some with faint hairlines, attractive toning; set of 4 coins.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE penny token, 1789, D&H-13 (Warwickshire), Conder token, bust of Isaac Perrins right // BELLA! / HORRIDA / BELLA! STRENGTH AND MAGNANIMITY, a wonderful example with brilliant red luster, PCGS graded MS64 RB. Isaac Perrins was an 18th century bare knuckle prizefighter. On October 22, 1789, he faced off against the English champion Tom Johnson in a well-publicized fight which lasted 62 rounds and ended in Perrins' loss by exhaustion. Copper tokens were made to commemorate both fighters.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE halfpenny token, 1791, D&H-447 (Warwickshire), Conder token, John Wilkinson, iron master, Vulcan(?) holding a piece of metal with a pair of tongs and striking it with a hammer, ship in background, lustrous with lovely rose highlights, PCGS graded MS64 BN.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE halfpenny token, 1792, D&H-205 (Warwickshire), Conder token, Kempson's Series of Birmingham Buildings, New Brewery, with much of the original red luster, PCGS graded MS63 BN.

GREAT BRITAIN: George III, 1760-1820, AR sixpence, 1792, KM-613, S-3761, Maundy issue, thin "4" (so-called "wire money" issue), nicely toned, PCGS graded AU58.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE halfpenny token, 1794, D&H-3c (Bedfordshire), Conder token, Leighton Buzzard, lace manufactory, woman in fine dress seated slightly left under a tree // sheep, lustrous orange patina, PCGS graded MS64 BN.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE halfpenny token, 1795, D&H-301 (Middlesex), Conder token, Daniel Eaton, publisher, bust left, D I EATON THREE TIMES ACQUITTED OF SEDITION around // cock perched right on fence around sty, four pigs around trough below, one holding up book in its mouth, with PRINTER TO THE MAJESTY OF THE PEOPLE LONDON around, with much original red color, PCGS graded MS64 RB. Daniel Isaac Eaton was a radical reformist writer and publisher. He was tried eight times for selling radical literature and convicted in 1812 for selling Thomas Paine's The Age of Reason.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE halfpenny token, 1795, D&H-915 (Middlesex), Conder token, William Williams (knife-sharpener & button manufacturer) of London, crowned shield // portcullis surmounted with plumes, a lovely example with some red luster, PCGS graded MS64 BN. John Horne Tooke (1736-1812) was a clergyman and radical reformer. He was one of the three defendants in the 1794 Treason Trials arranged by the government of William Pitt the Younger. All three were brilliantly defended by Thomas Erskine and subsequently acquitted of high treason.

GREAT BRITAIN: George III, 1760-1820, AE 2 pence, 1797, KM-619, S-3776, some contact marks, chocolate brown, one-year type, XF.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE farthing token, 1801, D&H-1069, Conder token, Middlesex, Pidcock's, beaver // lion, lovely brown patina, PCGS graded MS64 BN.

GREAT BRITAIN: George III, 1760-1820, AR dollar, 1804, KM-Tn1, S-3768, variety with top leaf to left side of E on obverse and upright K to left of shield on reverse, lightly cleaned, starting to retone, no evidence of undertype, XF.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE medal, 1809, BHM-673, Eimer-999, 40mm medal designed by La Fitte and Mudie and made by Donnadio, commemorating the Battle of Talavera during the Peninsular War against France, uniformed bust of Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, right // Victory advancing facing and being flanked by the British lion, holding wreath in its jaws, and the French eagle, attempting to take a second wreath from Victory's hand, lustrous chestnut-brown patina, PCGS graded Specimen 65. See www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_M-5322 for a similar example.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE medal, ND (1812), Bramsen-1174, Julius-2547, BHM-746, Eimer-1029, 53mm bronze medal by T. Webb for the The Duke of Wellington, Parliamentary Thanks For His Services in the Peninsular War 1812; ART. COMES DE WELLINGTON around bare head of the Duke of Wellington left // VOTA / PVBLICA within a thin closed wreath in two lines, a wonderful specimen quality example! PCGS graded Specimen 64.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE medalet, ND (1817), Eimer-871, 22mm bronze medalet by Kempson & Son, Birmingham for the Death of Princess Charlotte; H. R. H. THE PRINCESS CHARLOTTE around diademed head of Princess Charlotte right // "BORN / JANY. 7 / 1796" within wreath, a wonderful mint state example! PCGS graded MS64. One of a set of four medals struck in 1817 to commemorate the death of Princess Charlotte.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE medalet, ND (ca. 1818), 28mm silvered bronze medalet on the Game of Whist, bust of draped female right with pondering finger at her lips with MATHEWS ON THE GAME OF WHIST - THOMASON PATENT / SILVER MOUNTED around // IF ONE PLAYS / OUT OF HIS TURN, / THAT CARD MAY BE / CALLED FOR AT ANY TIME / AND THE PERSON / WHOSE TURN IT IS MAY / BE CALLED UPON TO / PLAY ANY SUIT / THE ADVERSARY / CHOOSES., toned, reeded edge, PCGS graded AU58. This piece may be silver, as "silver mounted" usually refers to high grade silver.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE medal, ND (1820), BHM-673, Eimer-999, 41mm bronze medal by Angelo Donnadio and La Fitte for the Battle of Talavera; ARTHUR DUKE OF WELLINGTON around uniformed bust of Sir Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, facing right // Winged Victory, standing, offering wreaths to the British lion and the French eagle with BATTLE OF TALAVERA /1809 / LA FITTE MUDIE D. in exergue below, with usual large arcing die cracks in obverse legend, a wonderful specimen quality example! PCGS graded Specimen 64. This is number 16 in Mudie's National Series of Medals. Wellesley was given the title Viscount of Wellington after this victory.

GREAT BRITAIN: George IV, 1820-1830, AR crown, 1821, KM-680.1, S-3805, SECUNDO on edge, cleaned, VF-XF.

GREAT BRITAIN: George III, 1760-1820, AR crown, 1822, KM-680.2, S-3805, TERTIO on edge, small obverse rim nick, lightly cleaned, Choice VF.

GREAT BRITAIN: George IV, 1820-1830, AR maundy set, 1830, KM-MDS77, AU to Unc, all with light hairlines, heavier hairlines on the threepence; set of 4 coins.

GREAT BRITAIN: William IV, 1830-1837, AR maundy set, 1837, KM-MDS85, AU-Unc, all with light hairlines, light marks and two small dimples on the threepence; set of 4 coins.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AE farthing, 1848, KM-581.2, S-3950, a wonderful mint state example! PCGS graded MS64 RB.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AR florin, 1849, KM-745, so-called "Godless" florin, a few tiny rim nicks, two-year type (only year of business strikes), variety with designer's initials WW, light peripheral tone, Choice XF.

GREAT BRITAIN: AR medalet, ND (1859), Niggl-808, Wurzbach-3488, Sommer-P1/2, 28mm silver medalet on the Centennial of Georg Friedrich Handel's Death by C. Voigt and Pfeuffer for Loos, bust left with "GEORG FRIEDRICH HAENDEL GEB D 24 FEBR 1685" around // laurel growing around ornate lyre with star above and "ZUR HEIMAT DER TOENE - D 13 APRIL 1759" around, nicely toned, plain edge, PCGS graded MS62.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AE farthing, 1873, KM-747.2, S-3958, NGC graded MS64 RB.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AR halfcrown, 1874, KM-756, S-3889, Young Head, lightly cleaned obverse, XF-AU.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE medal (77.82g), 1874, Spink-1633, BHM-2992, Eimer-1633, 52mm bronze medal by J. E. Boehm and G. T. Morgan for the Fine Arts Exhibition in London; ALBERT EDWARD PRINCE OF WALES. PRESIDENT. around bare head left of Albert, Prince of Wales // LONDON ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF ALL FINE ARTS INDUSTRIES AND INVENTIONS around view of the Albert Hall, MDCCCLXXIV on banner below, KAI AGERSKOV CATALOGUE NO 5501 B on edge, a fantastic specimen quality example! PCGS graded Specimen 66.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AR halfcrown, 1876, KM-756, S-3889, Young Head, once polished, toned, XF.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AR maundy set, 1885, KM-MDS140, all in Choice AU with light luster and muted iridescent toning, a lovely and well-matched set! set of 4 coins.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AR shilling, 1888/7, KM-761, S-3926, small Jubilee head, lightly toned, Unc.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AR maundy set, 1891, KM-MDS147, all Unc with rich toning, a lovely and well-matched set! set of 4 coins.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AR halfcrown, 1900, KM-782, S-3938, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63.

GREAT BRITAIN: Edward VII, 1901-1910, AR medal, King's South Africa Medal issued in 1902, two campaign bars "SOUTH AFRICA 1901" and "SOUTH AFRICA 1902", with orignal ribbon, awarded to 32526 GNR .R STOCKES R.G.A., a gunner in the Royal Garrison Artillery, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Queen's South Africa Medal is a British campaign medal which was awarded to British and Colonial military personnel, civilians employed in official capacity and war correspondents who served in the Second Boer War in South Africa. Altogether twenty-six clasps were awarded to recipients of the Queen's South Africa Medal, to indicate particular actions and campaigns of the Second Boer War. During the Second Boer War, the 2nd and 3rd Battalions of the Grenadier Guards were deployed to South Africa where they took part in a number of battles including the Battle of Modder River and the Battle of Belmont, as well as a number of smaller actions.

GREAT BRITAIN: Edward VII, 1901-1910, AR maundy set, 1903, KM-MDS160, S-3985, mintage of only 8,976 sets, scarce, all in choice uncirculated with ample luster and light toning; set of 4 pieces.

GREAT BRITAIN: Edward VII, 1901-1910, AR sixpence, 1906, KM-799, S-3983, lightly toned, quite attractive, NGC graded MS65.

GREAT BRITAIN: AR trade dollar, Bombay, 1907-B, KM-T5, lightly cleaned, but lustrous, Unc.

GREAT BRITAIN: George V, 1910-1936, AE halfpenny, 1913, KM-809, S-4056, a superb example, PCGS graded MS65 RD.

GREAT BRITAIN: AR medal, General Service Medal, with campaign bar MALAYA and correct ribbon, SPECIMEN on edge, Unc, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The 1918 General Service Medal was instituted to recognize service in minor Army and Royal Air Force operations for which no separate medal was intended. Local forces, including police, qualified for many of the clasps, as could units of the Indian Army prior to 1947. Obverse: Features the crowned effigy of the reigning monarch, in this case King George VI, facing left. The surrounding inscription reads "GEORGIVS VI DEI GRA: BRITT: OMN: REX FID: DEF:".Reverse: a standing winged figure of Victory carrying a trident and bestowing a wreath. To earn the "Malaya" bar, the recipient must have served against communist guerrilla forces in Malaya between June 16, 1948, and July 31, 1960. It was awarded to personnel from the Army, Royal Air Force, and the Federation of Malaya Police.

GREAT BRITAIN: AR order, The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, Member class, with original ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The order was established on June 4, 1917 by King George V, who created the order to recognize "such persons, male or female, as may have rendered or shall hereafter render important services to Our Empire". Equal recognition was to be given for services rendered in the UK and overseas. The design is a silver cross featuring a seated Britannia in the center, surrounded by the motto "FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE". This "Britannia" design indicates it is a Type 1 insignia, which was issued between 1917 and 1937 with silver hallmarks on back.

GREAT BRITAIN: George V, 1910-1936, AR maundy set, 1917, KM-MDS175, all BU with prooflike luster, the twopence lightly cleaned; set of 4 coins.

GREAT BRITAIN: George V, 1910-1936, AE penny, 1919, KM-810, S-4051, a wonderful example, PCGS graded MS64 RD.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE medal, The Mercantile Marine War Medal, with original ribbon, awarded to THOMAS H. FAULKS, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Mercantile Marine War Medal was established in 1919 and awarded by the Board of Trade of the United Kingdom to mariners of the British Mercantile Marine for service at sea during the First World War. The obverse is identical to that of the British War Medal and shows Sir Bertram Mackennal's bareheaded effigy of King George V facing left, with the legend "GEORGIVS V BRITT: OMN: REX ET IND: IMP:" (George V, King of all the British Isles and Emperor of India). The reverse, designed by Harold Stabler, shows a merchant steamship plowing through heavy seas, with an enemy submarine sinking on portside and a sailing ship in the background. The exergue is inscribed, in three lines, "FOR WAR SERVICE", "MERCANTILE MARINE" and "1914–1918". Around the rim, enclosing the whole image, is a laurel wreath.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE medal, Special Constabulary Long Service Medal, with original ribbon, reverse spot, awarded to ARTHUR BATTSON, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Special Constabulary Long Service Medal is a long service medal awarded in the United Kingdom to members of the Special Constabulary who have completed a specified period of service. Established in 1919 by King George V, the medal was initially created to reward members of the Special Constabulary for their service during World War I. The obverse depicts an effigy of King George V, with the legend "GEORGIVS V BRITT: OMN: REX ET IND: IMP:". The reverse has a laurel wreath, with the text "FOR FAITHFUL SERVICE IN THE SPECIAL CONSTABULARY." This is the first effigy of George V type issued circa 1919-1930.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE medal, The Inter Allied Victory Medal, with original ribbon, issued to 1262714 GNR. A. SAMPSON C.F.A., a gunner in the Canadian Field Artillery, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The British Victory Medal was issued to all those who received the 1914 Star or the 1914–15 Star, and to most of those who were awarded the British War Medal. It was designed by William McMillan. The obverse shows the winged, full-length, full-front figure of 'Victory' with her left arm extended and holding a palm branch in her right hand. The reverse has the words "THE GREAT / WAR FOR / CIVILISATION / 1914–1919" in four lines, all surrounded by a laurel wreath. This medal was awarded to a member of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF).

GREAT BRITAIN: AE medal, The Inter Allied Victory Medal, with original distinctive Japanese style hook and eye attachment on the back of the ribbon, awarded to 9717 A-CPL H.G. HILLMAN A.M.C. A.I.F., issued as an Acting Corporal, Australian Medical Corps, in the Australian Imperial Force, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The British Victory Medal was issued to all those who received the 1914 Star or the 1914–15 Star, and to most of those who were awarded the British War Medal. It was designed by William McMillan. The obverse shows the winged, full-length, full-front figure of 'Victory' with her left arm extended and holding a palm branch in her right hand. The reverse has the words "THE GREAT / WAR FOR / CIVILISATION / 1914–1919" in four lines, all surrounded by a laurel wreath.The First Australian Imperial Force (1st AIF) was the main expeditionary force of the Australian Army during the First World War. It was formed as the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) on August 15, 1914 following Britain's declaration of war on Germany, with an initial strength of one infantry division and one light horse brigade. The infantry division subsequently fought at Gallipoli between April and December 1915, with a newly raised second division, as well as three light horse brigades reinforcing the committed units.

GREAT BRITAIN: gilt AE medal, British Red Cross Society Medal for War Service, with original hanger and ribbon, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The British Red Cross Society Medal for War Service is a gilt bronze medal established in 1920 and awarded to personnel who provided at least 1,000 hours of unpaid service (or 500 hours for drivers/bearers) in the UK during World War I. It was designed by J. Badeley, manufactured by J.R. Gaunt, and worn on a white ribbon. The obverse features a Greek cross surrounded by a laurel wreath, with the inscription BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY FOR WAR SERVICE 1914-1918. The reverse has INTER ARMA CARITAS ("Amidst war, charity") in the center.

GREAT BRITAIN: George V, 1910-1936, AE penny, 1927, KM-826, S-4054, a superb example, PCGS graded MS65 RD.

GREAT BRITAIN: AR trade dollar, 1930-B, KM-T5, Y-T1, XF-AU.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE medal, Special Constabulary Long Service Medal, with original ribbon, awarded to H.A.H. THOMPSON, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Special Constabulary Long Service Medal is a long service medal awarded in the United Kingdom to members of the Special Constabulary who have completed a specified period of service. Established in 1919 by King George V, the medal was initially created to reward members of the Special Constabulary for their service during World War I. The obverse depicts an effigy of King George V, with the legend "GEORGIVS V BRITT: OMN: REX ET IND: IMP:". The reverse has a laurel wreath, with the text "FOR FAITHFUL SERVICE IN THE SPECIAL CONSTABULARY." This is the second effigy of George V type issued circa 1930-1936.

GREAT BRITAIN: George V, 1910-1936, AE halfpenny, 1931, KM-837, S-4058, a fantastic example, PCGS graded MS66 RD.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE medal, Special Constabulary Long Service Medal, with original ribbon, awarded to TREVELYAN PERRIN, Unc, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Special Constabulary Long Service Medal is a long service medal awarded in the United Kingdom to members of the Special Constabulary who have completed a specified period of service. Established in 1919 by King George V, the medal was initially created to reward members of the Special Constabulary for their service during World War I. The obverse depicts an effigy of King George VI, with the legend "GEORGIVS VI D:G:BR:OMN:REX F:D:IND:IMP." The reverse has a laurel wreath, with the text "FOR FAITHFUL SERVICE IN THE SPECIAL CONSTABULARY."

GREAT BRITAIN: George VI, 1936-1952, threepence, 1949, KM-873, S-4113, some reddish spotting, key date, Unc.

GREAT BRITAIN: AR medal (50.96g), 1976, 51mm, made by John Pinches in sterling silver, The 100 Greatest Masterpieces series, detail of the Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci (painted ca. 1495-97, detailed view of the apostles Judas, Peter, John) // logo of Leonardi Academia within Albrecht Dürer's Third Knot, four stamps on edge, brilliantly lustrous with frosted devices and mirrorlike fields, Proof.

GREAT BRITAIN: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, 50 pence, ND (1985-97), KM-940.1, S-H4, struck on 5 pence planchet (KM-937b, S-D4), very lustrous, in old white soapbox holder, ANACS graded MS63.

GREECE: George I, 1863-1913, AE 5 lepta, 1882-A, KM-54, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63 BN.

GREECE: Constantine II, 1964-1973, AR 100 drachmai, ND (1970), KM-94, commemorating the 1967 Coup, soldier with phoenix, mintage of only 10,000 pieces, scarce, NGC graded MS67. Some sticker residue on the reverse of the holder.

HUNGARY: silvered AE medal, World War I Commemorative Medal (Magyar Háborús Emlékerem), XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The World War I Commemorative Medal (Magyar Háborús Emlékerem) was instituted on May 26, 1929. A circular, silver medal, the obverse center presents the coat of arms of Hungary decorated with the Hungarian Holy Crown, over a pair of crossed swords, surrounded by a laurel wreath on the left and an oak leaf wreath on the right; the reverse center presents a military steel helmet above the years "1914-1918", surmounted by the inscription PRO DEO ET PATRIA.

HUNGARY: Republic, 50 filler, 1948-BP, KM-536, NGC graded MS65.

HUNGARY: AR medal, 1966, 38mm silver medal commemorating the Tenth Anniversary of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956; "A MAGYAR FORRADALOM TIZEDIK ÉVFORDULÓJÁRA 1956-1966" around image of three armed revolutionaries // A MAGYAR BIZOTTSÁG FELHATALMAZÁSÁBÓL - ESSAI around Hungarian flag with socialist insignia torn off, authorized by the Hungarian Committee and struck by the Franklin Mint, numbered on edge '0087', with original case of issue, PCGS graded Specimen 68.

HUNGARY: Republic, 5-coin mint set, 1990, Transitional coinage set including 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 forint, all in choice quality, set of 5 coins, Unc. The transitional coinage of 1990 retained their Communist era coat of arms but with the country name changed from MAGYAR NÉPKÖZTÁRSASÁG (Hungarian People's Republic) to MAGYAR KÖZTÁRSASÁG Hungarian Republic) to reflect the political shift after the fall of the Berlin wall.

IRELAND: George II, 1727-1760, AE halfpenny, 1752, KM-130.2, S-6607, VF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

IRELAND: George II, 1727-1760, AE halfpenny, 1760, KM-136, S-6610, Fine, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

IRELAND: AE halfpenny token, 1794, D&H-351, Conder token, William Parker (ironmonger) of Dublin, female allegory seated right with cornucopia and anchor // ornately decorated register stove, with traces of red color, PCGS graded MS63 BN.

AQUILEIA: Bertrando of San Genesio, 1334-1350, AR denaro (0.97g), Biaggi-171, MIR-38, long cross pattée, + BER-TRAN-D PA-TRA // St. Hermagoras seated facing, faint hairlines on obverse, VF-XF.

MILAN: Filippo Maria Visconti, 1412-1447, AR grosso, ND (1412-1447), MIR-153MIR-153, an attractive nearly mint state example, PCGS graded AU58.

PAPAL STATES: Clement X, 1670-1676, AE medal, 1672 year III, Börner-1218, Spink-1318, 39mm bronze medal by Giovanni Hamerani; CLEMENS X PON MAX A III around bust of Pope facing right, wearing a papal tiara and a mozzetta, HAMERANVS. F. on truncation // VIVIFICAT ET BEAT above the depiction of a man named Cimon being suckled at the breast of his daughter Pero while in prison (a well-known story in classical mythology and art), typically referred to as Roman Charity (or Caritas romana), later strike likely in the 19th century, a wonderful mint state example! PCGS graded MS64 BN. The legend tells that Cimon was sentenced to death by starvation, and his daughter Pero, having been granted access to visit him but forbidden from bringing food, secretly nourished her father with her breast milk to keep him alive. The act, intended as an example of filial piety and extreme devotion, so moved the judges that they pardoned Cimon. This theme was a popular subject for European painters from the 16th to the 18th centuries.

PAPAL STATES: Leo XII, 1823-1829, AE quattrino, Bologna, 1824, KM-1294.1, year I, some red, great eye appeal, one-year type, PCGS graded MS64 BN.

PAPAL STATES: Gregory XVI, 1831-1846, AE baiocco, 1831-R year I, KM-1314, two-year type, lightly toned, PCGS graded MS63 BN.

PAPAL STATES: Gregory XVI, 1831-1846, AE 1/2 (mezzo) baiocco, 1840-R year X, KM-1319, some red, beautiful bluish tone, PCGS graded MS64 BN.

PAPAL STATES: Pius IX, 1846-1878, AR medal (16.41g), ND, 37mm bronze medal by C. Moscetti, The Holy Trinity by artist Guido Reni; PIVS IX PONT. MAX. around Papal bust right, EGO ORAVI PRO TE VT NON DEFICIAT FIDES TVA ROMA in outer legend, signed C MOSCETTI below bust // Jesus crucified supported by two cherubs and topped by the Holy Spirit with two angels praying at feet and GUIDUS RENUS PINXIT – CAR STUBENRAUCH F below, a wonderful mint state example! PCGS graded MS64. The Holy Trinity painting, depicting God the Father, the crucified Christ, and the Holy Spirit as a dove surrounded by angels, was painted by the renowned Italian artist Guido Reni and was completed in July 1626, and commissioned by Cardinal Lodovico Ludovisi in 1624, for the Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini church in Rome. It was allegedly painted in only 27 days.

ROMAN REPUBLIC: Second Republic, 1848-1849, AR 8 baiocchi, 1849-R, KM-25, a wonderful example, PCGS graded MS64.

SICILY: Roger I, 1072-1101, AV tari (1.34g), ND, MEC-14-83, large T, pellet above and to each side // kalima in three lines, Choice VF, ex CNA Auction VIII, Lot 702.

SICILY: Roger I, 1072-1101, AV tari (1.00g), cf. MEC-14-2, anonymous imitation of a Fatimid 1/4 dinar, blundered Arabic legends, probably struck during or shortly after the period 1070-1075 when the Normans effectively ousted the Fatimids, Fine, ex CNA Auction VIII, Lot 699.

SICILY: Roger II, 1130-1154, AV tari (1.10g) (Madinat Siqilliya), Spahr-66, 3rd series, struck 1140-1154, circular text al-mu'tazz billah / al-malik rujjar, single pellet in center // cross, IC-XC / NI-KA, cleaned, VF, ex Andy Singer.

SICILY: Tancred, 1189-1194, BI medalea tercenarii (0.83g), Madinat Siqilliya, Spahr-135, MIR-450, struck in Palermo, TACD / REX SI / CILE, +DEXTERA DNI EXALAVIT ME // Arabic duriba / bi madinat siqilliya / bi-amr al-malik tanqrir / al-mu'azzam khallada / allah mulkahu, light corrosion, rare, VF, ex Andy Singer.

VENICE: Domenico Contarini, 1659-1675, AR ducato nuovo o cucatello (22.53g), ND (1669-71), KM-321, Paol-14, initials ZQ, some minor doubling, Choice VF.

VENICE: Imitations, AR ducat (3.50g), ND, imitation of gold ducat in silver, crude designs and blundered legends, Choice VF.

ITALY: Vittorio Emanuele II, 1861-1878, AE medalet (5.66g), 1866, Von Heyden-1250, 25mm unsigned bronze medalet for the Liberation of Venice from Austrian Rule, bust left with VITTORIO EMANUELE II RE D'ITALIA around // lion of Saint Mark to left, on base with "19 / OCTOBRE / 1866" and VENEZIA * LIBERATA around, with integral loop, brown, plain edge, AU.

ITALY: Vittorio Emanuele III, 1900-1946, AE medal, Military Order of Vittorio Veneto, Knight's Cross (Croce Cavaliere dell'Ordine di Vittorio Veneto), with original case of issue. The Military Order of Vittorio Veneto was an Italian order of chivalry that was founded as a national order in 1968, "to express the gratitude of the nation" to those decorated with the Medal and the War Cross of Military Valor (Medaglia e Croce di Guerra al Valor Militare) who had fought for at least six months in World War I and earlier conflicts.

ITALY: AE medal, The Order of the Crown of Italy (Ordine della Corona d'Italia), Knight (Cavaliere dell'Ordine della Corona d'Italia) Class with original ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Order of the Crown of Italy (Ordine della Corona d'Italia or OCI) was founded as a national order in 1868 by King Vittorio Emanuele II, to commemorate the unification of Italy in 1861. It was awarded in five degrees for civilian and military merit. Today the Order of the Crown has been replaced by the Order of Merit of Savoy and is still conferred on new knights by the current disputed head of the house, Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice.

ITALY: AE medal, The War Merit Cross (Croce al Merito di Guerra), with original ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The War Merit Cross (Croce al Merito di Guerra) is an Italian military decoration. It was instituted by King Victor Emmanuel III during World War I on January 19,1918. The Italian War Merit Cross was awarded to members of the armed forces with a minimum of one year's service in contact with an enemy, or who received the Medal of the Wounded, or to those who, when mentioned for war merit, received a promotion. The obverse has the royal cipher ("VE III" under a crown) in the upper arm, "MERITO DI GVERRA" (War Merit) on the horizontal arms and a Roman sword point upwards, on oak leaves, in the lower arm. The reverse side bears a 5-pointed star on a background of rays.

ITALY: AE medal, The Inter Allied Victory Medal (Medaglia Interalleata della Vittoria), with replacement ribbon, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Italian Inter-Allied Victory Medal was established on December 16, 1920 (Royal Decree of 1918) and was designed by Gaetano Orsolini. The obverse design features a winged figure of Victory standing on a triumphal chariot drawn by four yoked lions. The reverse has a "tazza" (an Italianate bowl or urn) from which two doves fly, bearing olive branches, with the inscription "GRANDE GUERRA PER LA CIVILITA'" (The Great War for Civilization) above, and "AL COMBATTENTI DELLE NAZIONI ALLEATE ED ASSOCIATE" (To the combatants of the Allied and Associated nations) below.

ITALY: AE medal, Commemorative Medal for Military Operations in East Africa (Medaglia Commemorativa delle Operazioni Militari in Africa Orientale), with original ribbon with gladius clasp and star, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. Established in 1936 by the Kingdom of Italy, this medal was awarded to military and civilian personnel who participated in the Italian conquest of Ethiopia and subsequent operations in East Africa between 1935 and 1936. The front of the medal features the left-facing profile of King Victor Emmanuel III. The circular inscription reads "VITT EM III RE D'ITALIA IMP DI ETIOPIA," which translates to "Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy, Emperor of Ethiopia". The reverse depicts a mountainous African landscape with a fasces in the left foreground, inscribed "AFRICA ORIENTALE" and "MOLTI NEMICI. MOLTO ONORE." (Many enemies, much honor). The gladius clasp and star were often added to indicate specific periods of service or combat.

ITALY: AE medal, The Naval Valor Medal (Medaglia al Valore di Marina), with original ribbon, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Naval Valor Medal was established by the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1860, with bronze grades added later in 1888, to reward acts of bravery, courage, and heroism at sea, or for saving lives. Often considered a lifesaving medal rather than a direct combat award, it was awarded to both military and civilian personnel. This design was issued by the Italian Republic.

LUXEMBOURG: Charlotte, 1919-1964, 25 cents, 1927, KM-37, struck at the Brussels Mint, ICG graded MS63.

NETHERLANDS: AE jeton, 1675, Dugniolle-4353, 31mm bronze jeton by Philippe Godefroid Van de Wauwere, treasurer of Brussels, helmeted arms with date below // city view of Brussels with radiant sun above and COLLIGO VT - SPARGAM around, plain edge, PCGS graded AU53.

NETHERLANDS: Dutch Republic, assay receipt, ND (ca. 1760), 83 x 56mm, folded and embossed with the impression of a 1756 Saxony-Albertine gold 5 thaler (C-25.2) on the back of a 4 of hearts playing card, noted in ink as weighing 4 engels (1 engel = 1.555g) with a fineness of 21 carat and 5¼ grains, VF-XF, ex Charles Opitz Collection, ex Mike Powells Collection, ex SARC Auction 44, Lot 2481.

NETHERLANDS: Batavian Republic/Zeeland, AE duit, 1796, KM-5, some red, nice surfaces, PCGS graded MS62 BN.

NETHERLANDS: AE medalet (6.47g), 1872, BM-68, 25mm bronze medalet commemorating the Capture of Brielle; "1572 /1872" above // DAGERAAD ONZER VRIJHEID in outer legend, 1 / APRIL / 1572 at center, a superb mint state example! PCGS graded MS65 RB. On April 1, 1572, Dutch Calvinist rebels, known as the Watergeuzen (Sea Beggars), captured the undefended port town of Brielle (Den Briel), a pivotal moment in the Eighty Years' War against Spain that marked the real beginning of the Dutch Revolt and led to the formation of the Dutch Republic.

NETHERLANDS: AE medal (29.94g), 1888, Zwierzina-782, 43mm unsigned bronze medal for the 50th Anniversary of the Royal Zoological Society, elephant, lion and lioness, and two coats of arms, all within laurel wreath // half wreath of laurel with "1838 / 1 MEI / 1888." above and KONINKLIJK ZOOLOGISCH GENOOTSCHAP NATURA ARTIS MAGISTRA around, chocolate brown with luster, a stunning design, plain edge, AU.

POLAND: Lodz (Litzmannstadt Ghetto), 10 mark, 1943, KM-Tn3, struck in aluminum, an attractive example, PCGS graded AU. The Litzmannstadt (Lodz) ghetto was established as an industrial base to manufacture war supplies. The Nazis set up a Jewish council and appointed Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski to keep order. From 1942 to 1943, tokens were struck in the name of the Jewish Elders of Litzmannstadt, the name the Germans chose for the city to honor the German General Karl Litzmann, of WWI fame. These tokens were the only legal currency in the Lodz Ghetto and used to buy what food and medicine they could. Jews traded their personal possessions to acquired these tokens.

POLAND: AE medal, The Order of Polonia Restituta (Order Odrodzenia Polski - Krzyz Wielki), Knight's Cross (V Class), with original ribbon, VF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Order of Polonia Restituta (Order Odrodzenia Polski) is a Polish state order established February 4, 1921. It is conferred on both military and civilians as well as on foreigners for outstanding achievements in the fields of education, science, sport, culture, art, economics, national defense, social work, civil service, or for furthering good relations between countries. It is Poland's second-highest civilian state award in the order of precedence, behind the Order of the White Eagle. The Order has five classes, ranging from the Knight's Cross to the Grand Cross with Star. The badge of the order is a gold Maltese cross enamelled in white. The obverse central disc bears a white eagle on red background, the Coat of Arms of Poland, surrounded by a blue ring bearing the words POLONIA RESTITUTA. The reverse central disc bears the year 1944.

PORTUGAL: João I, 1385-1433, BI real branco (2.48g), ND (1415-33)-L, Gomes-J1.52.01, crowned Y with mintmark L to left with ADIVTORIVM NOSTRVN QVI F / EECIT CELLVM E TE around // five shields arranged in a cross within quatrefoil with IHNS DEI GRA RE PO ET AL around, small chip at 5:00, uneven strike, XF.

PORTUGAL: Carlos I, 1889-1908, AR 100 reis, 1898, KM-531, toned with underlying luster, NGC graded MS65.

PORTUGAL: AE medal, Red Cross of Dedication (Cruz Vermelha de Dedicação) Medal, with original clasp and ribbon, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Portuguese Red Cross Decorations are a special set of decorations recognized under Portuguese law established in 1921, through the Ministry of Defense, and are intended to distinguish those who have rendered services to the Portuguese Red Cross. The decorations include eight classes. The Red Cross of Dedication Class is attributed to natural or legal persons who provide to the institution, in an ongoing basis, services and supports that involve the voluntary donation of their leisure time or whose measure clearly exceeds the mere fulfillment of their duties. The medal is a four-armed cross with red enamel, typically featuring silver or silver-gilt edges. The obverse features a central medallion of the national arms with blue and white detailing, and the reverse features a central medallion, inscribed with "INTER ARMA CARITAS".

ROMANIA: Carol I, 1881-1914, AR 50 bani, Brussels, 1914, KM-41, a superb lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS65.

ROMANIA: Carol I, 1881-1914, AR 50 bani, Brussels, 1914, KM-41, a wonderful lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS64.

ROMANIA: People's Republic, AR medal (24.33g), 1948, Numista-151942, 38mm silver medal for the Centenary of the Nicolae Balcescu Revolution by Haralambie Ionescu, bust slightly right with NICOLAE - BALESCU in field with "CENTENARUL ANULUI REVOLUTIONAR 1848" around // coat of arms with "REPUBLICA POPULARA ROMANA - 1948" around, lightly cleaned, but still lustrous, plain edge, Choice AU, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection.

RUSSIA: Catherine II, 1762-1796, AE 5 kopeks, 1790-EM, Cr-59.3, Bit-644, Ekaterinburg Mint, a pleasing mint state example! PCGS graded MS62 BN.

RUSSIAN EMPIRE: Catherine II, 1762-1796, AE 5 kopeks, Anninsk Mint, 1790, Cr-59.2, Bitkin-860, attractive patina with rich brown color, NGC graded MS62 BN. The Anninsk Mint, located in today's Osinsk Uyezd (Osinski County) in Perm Krai, was founded by Catherine II and began its operation in 1789. It was closed by order of Paul I in 1798.

RUSSIA: Alexander II, 1855-1881, AR 25 kopeks, St. Petersburg, 1878, Y-23, lightly toned, XF.

RUSSIAN EMPIRE: Alexander III, 1881-1894, AR 25 kopeks, 1894, Y-44, lightly cleaned, starting to retone, VF-XF.

RUSSIA: U.S.S.R. 9-piece mint set, 1973, KM-MS14, in original government pliofilm, with mint token, prooflike, Choice Unc.

RUSSIA: U.S.S.R. 9-piece mint set, 1975, KM-MS16, in original government packaging, Unc.

RUSSIA: U.S.S.R. 9-piece mint set, 1975, KM-MS16, in original government packaging, Unc.

RUSSIA: U.S.S.R. 9-piece mint set, 1975, KM-MS16, in original government packaging, Unc.

SERBIA: Mihailo Obrenovic III, 2nd reign, 1860-1868, AE para, 1868, KM-1.1, struck at the Paris Mint, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63 BN.

SERBIA: Milan I, as Prince, 1868-1882, AR 5 dinara, 1879, KM-12, lightly cleaned, starting to retone, one-year type, VF-XF.

SERBIA: AE medal, Commemorative Cross for the War of Liberation and Union, 1914-1918, with original ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Commemorative Cross for the War of Liberation and Union, 1914-1918, was instituted on December 1, 1920. It was awarded to Serbian and Allied military personnel who participated in the liberation of Serbia during the First World War. The obverse of the medal features the profile of King Petar I and the years 1914 and 1918 with the King's name and titles in Cyrillic. The reverse shows the Serbian double-headed eagle coat of arms with the years 1915, 1916, and 1917.

SPAIN: Juan II, 1406-1454, BI blanca, Seville, ND, Cayon-1438, rampant lion left // castle, lustrous, PCGS graded AU55.

SPAIN: Felipe III, 1598-1621, AR 2 reales (6.62g), Granada, 1600/599-M, KM-26.3, Aureo & Calicó-581, Xavier Calicó-318, cob issue, a pleasing wholesome example, PCGS graded VF35.

SPAIN: Gerona: Fernando VII, 1808-1833, AR duro (5 pesetas), 1808, KM-10, Cr-L41, a few light reverse scratches, one-year type, F-VF.

SPAIN: Alfonso XII, 1874-1885, AR 5 pesetas, 1876(76), KM-671, initials DE-M, harsh hairlines, attractive light toning, NGC graded AU details.

SPAIN: bronzed lead medal, 1913, 81mm bronzed lead medal for Rafael María de Labra; A Dn RAFAEL MARÍA DE LABRA around bust right, MADRID 11-913 in small letters to right and desingers signature at left // POR SU CIVISMO / Y / CONSTANCIA AÑO / MCMXIII, VF-XF. Rafael María de Labra y Cadrana (1840-1918) was a Spanish krausist educator, activist, lawyer, lecturer, Republican politician and author. He served two times as Rector of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza. A noted abolitionist, he was a key figure in the campaign for the abolition of slavery in Puerto Rico and Cuba.

SPAIN: AE medal, Cross for Military Constancy for Non-Commissioned Officers Medal, with original hanger and ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Cross for Military Constancy for Non-Commissioned Officers Medal or Pensioner’s Cross is gilt bronze with red, blue, yellow and white enamels. The Cross was instituted on December 26, 1958, for long and irreproachable service by non-commissioned officers. The yellow bands on the arms of the cross distinguish this as a cross for a retired N.C.O. rather than one still on active service. This award would have been for twenty-five years’ service.

SPAIN: AE medal, Cruz de Guerra para Cabos y Soldados (War Cross) Medal, 1942-75 type with original hanger and ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Spanish War Cross is a high military award of Spain to recognize battlefield bravery. This decoration aims to prize those who have realized actions or facts of great efficiency, or they have given excellent services, both with valor during a continued period, inside one armed conflicts or of military operations involving or could involve resort to force, and carrying military abilities or remarkable command skills. The medal was established in 1938 and was awarded in four different types.

SPAIN: AE medal, The Cross of Military Merit (Cruces del Mérito Militar) Medal, with White Decoration (con Distintivo Blanco), 1st Class (Knight) type, with original hanger and ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Cross of Military Merit is Spain's military award for gallantry or merit in war or peace and is awarded to members of the Spanish Armed Forces, Guardia Civil or civilians, and was originally established on August 3, 1864 by Queen Isabella II as the Order of Military Merit. During the Spanish Civil War it was recognized by both sides of the conflict and awarded originally in four classes. The 1st Class (Knight) type was issued for cadets, lieutenants, and captains. The type with White Decoration was issued for actions, deeds or distinguished service during missions of ordinary or extraordinary service in the armed forces or in connection with defense of the country.

SPAIN: AE medal, Cross of Aeronautical Merit (Cruces del Mérito Aeronáutico) Medal, with White Decoration (con Distintivo Blanco), with original ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Cross of Aeronautical Merit is Spain's military award for gallantry or merit in the air. The award can be made in war or at times of peace. It is awarded to members of the Spanish Armed Forces, Guardia Civil or civilians. It was established on November 30, 1945 by chief of state Francisco Franco as the Order of Aeronautical Merit (Orden del Mérito Aeronáutico). The type with White Decoration was awarded for actions, deeds or distinguished service during missions of ordinary or extraordinary service in the armed forces or in connection with defense of the country.

SPAIN: AE medal, The Cross of Military Merit (Cruces del Mérito Militar) Medal, with White Decoration (con Distintivo Blanco), with original hanger and ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Cross of Military Merit is Spain's military award for gallantry or merit in war or peace and is awarded to members of the Spanish Armed Forces, Guardia Civil or civilians, and was originally established on August 3, 1864 by Queen Isabella II as the Order of Military Merit. During the Spanish Civil War it was recognized by both sides of the conflict and awarded originally in four classes. The type with White Decoration was issued for actions, deeds or distinguished service during missions of ordinary or extraordinary service in the armed forces or in connection with defense of the country.

SPAIN: Juan Carlos I, 1975-2014, AR 2000 pesetas, 2001, KM-1038, 500th Anniversary of the Segovia Mint, with original COA and box of issue, PCGS graded PF69 Deep Cameo.

SPAIN: Juan Carlos I, 1975-2014, AR 2000 pesetas, 2001, KM-1038, 500th Anniversary of the Segovia Mint, with original COA and box of issue, PCGS graded PF68 Deep Cameo.

SPANISH NETHERLANDS: AE jeton, Antwerp, 1668, Dugniolle-4259, 31mm bronze jeton, crowned bust right with "CAROL II D G HISP ET INDIA REX - 16 - 68" around // crowned arms of Spain surrounded by the Collar of the Golden Fleece, with GECTZ POVR LE - BVREAV DES FINA around all, hand mintmark, plain edge, PCGS graded AU50.

SWEDEN: Oscar II, 1872-1907, AE öre, 1873, KM-728, a wonderful mint state example! PCGS graded MS64 RB.

SWEDEN: Oscar II, 1872-1905, AE medal (34.61g), 1881, Zeitz-820, 44mm bronze medal by Lea Ahlborn commemorating the Marriage of Crown Prince Gustaf to Victoria of Baden; GUSTAF / VICTORIA with jugate busts of Gustaf and Victoria facing right // their conjoined Coats Of Arms; in exergue "DEN 20 SEPTEMBER / 1881", a superb specimen quality example! PCGS graded Specimen 65. On September 20, 1881 in Karlsruhe, Germany, Gustaf married Princess Victoria of Baden, the only daughter of Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden and Princess Louise of Prussia.

SWEDEN: AE medal, The Royal Order of Vasa (Kungliga Vasaorden), Knight Class, with original ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Royal Order of Vasa (Kungliga Vasaorden) is a Swedish order of chivalry founded on May 29, 1772 by King Gustav III. It is awarded to Swedish citizens for service to state and society, especially in the fields of agriculture, mining and commerce. The Order had five classes: Commander Grand Cross, Commander 1st Class, Commander, Knight 1st Class and Knight.

BASEL: AR 5 francs, 1879, KM-X-S14, Dav-388, very lightly cleaned and nicely retoned, NGC graded Unc details.

BERN: Canton, BI kreuzer, 1777, KM-115, a superb example, PCGS graded MS65.

BERN: Canton, BI kreuzer, 1793, KM-115, a fantastic example, PCGS graded MS66.

BERN: Canton, BI 1/2 batzen, 1798, KM-91, a superb example, PCGS graded MS65.

BERN: Canton, BI batzen, 1818, KM-177, a fantastic example, PCGS graded MS66.

CHUR: brass token, 1842, Richter-261b, N-52963, a token from the city in the canton of Graubünden, a superb example, PCGS graded MS65.

FREIBURG: Canton, AR 14 kreuzer, 1793, KM-59, a lovely example, PCGS graded MS63.

GENEVA: Republic, BI 3 sols, 1776, KM-81, a superb example, PCGS graded MS65.

GENEVA: Republic, BI 6 sols, 1791, KM-82, C-12, a wonderful example, PCGS graded MS64.

GENEVA: Republic, BI sol, 1817-H, KM-116, C-52, a superb example, PCGS graded MS66.

GENEVA: Canton, BI 25 centimes, 1839, KM-129, C-68, a superb example, PCGS graded MS65.

GRAUBUNDEN (GRISONS): Canton, BI 1/2 batzen, 1842, KM-13, a superb example, PCGS graded MS65.

SCHWYZ: Canton, AE rappen, 1815, KM-59, C-33, a superb example, PCGS graded MS65 RB.

SOLOTHURN: Canton, AR 2½ batzen, 1826, KM-81, C-55, a superb example, PCGS graded MS65.

URI: Canton, BI batzen, 1811, KM-42, C-13, a lovely example, PCGS graded MS63.

VAUD: Canton, BI 2½ rappen, 1816, KM-18, C-2a, a superb example, PCGS graded MS65.

VAUD: Canton, BI 1/2 batzen, 1816, KM-6, C-3, a wonderful example, PCGS graded MS64.

VAUD: Canton, BI batzen, 1817, KM-8, C-4, a superb example, PCGS graded MS65.

VAUD: Canton, BI batzen, 1834, KM-20, a fantastic example, PCGS graded MS66.

ZÜRICH: Canton, BI schilling, 1725, KM-148, C-8, a superb example, PCGS graded MS65.

ZÜRICH: Canton, BI 2 rappen, 1842, KM-195, C-52, a fantastic example, PCGS graded MS66.

SWITZERLAND: Confederation, AR 1/2 franc, Bern, 1900-B, KM-23, original toning, PCGS graded MS64.

SWITZERLAND: AR medal, 1905, R-130a, Basel Shooting Festival Medal, 30mm, a lovely example, NGC graded MS63.

SWITZERLAND: AR medal, 1920, R-137a, M-87, Basel Shooting Festival Medal, 30mm, an attractive example, NGC graded MS62.

SWITZERLAND: Confederation, AE rappen, 1926-B, KM-3, a wonderful lustrous example! PCGS graded MS64 RB.

SWITZERLAND: Confederation, AR 1/2 franc, 1928-B, KM-23, a splendid lustrous example! PCGS graded MS67.

SWITZERLAND: Confederation, AE rappen, 1934-B, KM-3, a superb red lustrous example! PCGS graded MS65 RD.

SWITZERLAND: Confederation, AR 1/2 franc, 1941-B, KM-23, a fantastic lustrous example! PCGS graded MS66.

SWITZERLAND: Confederation, AR franc, 1944-B, KM-24, a splendid lustrous example! PCGS graded MS67.

SWITZERLAND: Confederation, AR 1/2 franc, 1945-B, KM-23, a fantastic lustrous example! PCGS graded MS66.

SWITZERLAND: Confederation, AR 1/2 franc, 1946-B, KM-23, a splendid lustrous example! PCGS graded MS67.

SWITZERLAND: Confederation, AR 1/2 franc, 1946-B, KM-23, a fantastic lustrous example! PCGS graded MS66.

SWITZERLAND: Confederation, AR 1/2 franc, 1948-B, KM-23, a splendid lustrous example! PCGS graded MS67.

SWITZERLAND: Confederation, AR 1/2 franc, 1948-B, KM-23, a fantastic lustrous example! PCGS graded MS66.

SWITZERLAND: Confederation, AR 1/2 franc, 1951-B, KM-23, a splendid lustrous example! PCGS graded MS67.

SWITZERLAND: Confederation, AR franc, 1952-B, KM-24, a splendid lustrous example! PCGS graded MS67.

SWITZERLAND: Confederation, AR 1/2 franc, 1952-B, KM-23, a splendid lustrous example! PCGS graded MS67.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 2,000,000 karbovantsiv, 1995, KM-19, 50th Anniversary of the United Nations, struck at the British Royal Mint, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 1,000,000 karbovantsiv, 1996, KM-16, Outstanding Personalities of Ukraine Series - Bohdan Khmelnytsky, struck at the Moscow mint, Russia with COA of issue, Proof. Commemorating the 400th anniversary of Bohdan Khmelnytsky - the Hetman of Ukraine, outstanding statesman, political and military figure of the 17th century, who made significant contributions to the formation of Ukrainian statehood at one of the most dramatic periods of the liberation war of Ukrainian people in 1648-1654.

UKRAINE: Republic, 200,000 karbovantsiv, 1996, KM-17, Outstanding Personalities of Ukraine Series - 125th Anniversary of Lesya Ukrainka, struck at the Kremnica mint, Slovakia, rare variety with thick '2' in denomination, likely mintage of 500 or less, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 1,000,000 karbovantsiv, 1996, KM-18, Outstanding Personalities of Ukraine Series - Lesya Ukrayinka, rare variety with short hyphen between dates, struck at the Kremnica mint, Slovakia with COA of issue, Proof. The coin is dedicated to the 125th anniversary of Lesya Ukrainka (Larysa Petrivna Kosach) - the outstanding Ukrainian poetess and public figure.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 1,000,000 karbovantsiv, 1996, KM-18, Outstanding Personalities of Ukraine Series - Lesya Ukrayinka, rare variety with short hyphen between dates, struck at the Kremnica mint, Slovakia with COA of issue, Proof. The coin is dedicated to the 125th anniversary of Lesya Ukrainka (Larysa Petrivna Kosach) - the outstanding Ukrainian poetess and public figure.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 1,000,000 karbovantsiv, 1996, KM-18, Outstanding Personalities of Ukraine Series - Lesya Ukrayinka, rare variety with short hyphen between dates, struck at the Kremnica mint, Slovakia with COA of issue, Proof. The coin is dedicated to the 125th anniversary of Lesya Ukrainka (Larysa Petrivna Kosach) - the outstanding Ukrainian poetess and public figure.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 1,000,000 karbovantsiv, 1996, KM-20, Outstanding Personalities of Ukraine Series - Hrygoriy Skovoroda, struck at the Moscow mint, Russia, Proof. The coin is dedicated to Hryhoriy Skovoroda (1722-1794), a great Ukrainian philosopher and scientist of the 18th century.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 2,000,000 karbovantsiv, 1996, KM-22, 10th Anniversary of the Disaster at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant, struck at the Polish mint, Warsaw, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 2,000,000 karbovantsiv, 1996, KM-25, Atlanta Summer Olympic Games, struck at the Polish mint, Warsaw, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 2,000,000 karbovantsiv, 1996, KM-26, Centennial of the Modern Olympics, struck at the Polish mint, Warsaw, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 1,000,000 karbovantsiv, 1996, KM-32, Outstanding Personalities of Ukraine Series - Mykhaylo Hrushevsky, struck at the Kremnica mint, Slovakia, Proof. The coin is dedicated to the 130th anniversary of Mykhaylo Hrushevsky (1866-1934), an outstanding Ukrainian scientist, historian, academician, public and political figure, and first president of the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1917-1918.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 20 hryven, 1996, KM-35, Spiritual Treasures of Ukraine Series - 1000th Anniversary of the Tithe Church, struck at the Kremnica mint, Slovakia, Proof. This commemorative coin is dedicated to the 1000th anniversary of the founding of the Tithe Church in Kyiv, the first stone church in Kievan Rus.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 20 hryven, 1996, KM-35, Spiritual Treasures of Ukraine Series - 1000th Anniversary of the Tithe Church, struck at the Kremnica mint, Slovakia, Proof. This commemorative coin is dedicated to the 1000th anniversary of the founding of the Tithe Church in Kyiv, the first stone church in Kievan Rus.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 20 hryven, 1997, KM-36, Spiritual Treasures of Ukraine Series - The Savior Cathedral in Chernihiv, struck at the Polish mint, Warsaw with COA of issue, Proof. The coin is dedicated to the Saint Saviour's Cathedral, the outstanding architectural monument of Kyiv Rus, erected in 1033-1034 during the rule of Chernihiv Prince Mstyslav, a son of the Great Prince Volodymyr.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 20 hryven, 1997, KM-36, Spiritual Treasures of Ukraine Series - The Savior Cathedral in Chernihiv, struck at the Polish mint, Warsaw, Proof. The coin is dedicated to the Saint Saviour's Cathedral, the outstanding architectural monument of Kyiv Rus, erected in 1033-1034 during the rule of Chernihiv Prince Mstyslav, a son of the Great Prince Volodymyr.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 20 hryven, 1997, KM-46, Heroes of Cossack Age Series - Severyn Nalyvayko, with COA of issue, Proof. The commemorative coin is dedicated to the memory of Severyn Nalyvayko (died 1597), leader of the Cossack-peasant uprising of 1594-1596 in Ukraine against Polish domination.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 20 hryven, 1997, KM-54, Heroes of Cossack Age Series - Cossack Mamay, with COA of issue, Proof. The coin is the first one from the Heroes of Cossack Age series, presenting a gallery of characters of glorious sons of Ukraine and the most important events in the country's history of 16th-18th centuries. Cossack Mamay is one of the most widespread folklore heroes in Ukraine. He is encountered in legends, folk stories and proverbs. These became widely popular after the dissolution of the Zaporozhian Sich in 1775.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 20 hryven, 1997, KM-57, 200th Anniversary of the Opening the Kyiv Contract Fair, Proof. The transfer of the important annual contract fair from Dubno to Kyiv, a decision made by Tsar Paul I, was made to stimulate Kyiv's economy. The fair, which became known as the Kyiv Contract Fair, began operating in Kyiv in 1797 and was closed in 1927 after being banned by the Soviet authorities. The fair had changed from a contract and wholesale market into a simple commercial fair and lost much of its importance after the 1917 October Revolution. Its closure was part of the Soviet government's anti-private ownership policies.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 1998, KM-44, Nagano Winter Olympic Games - Cross Country Skiing, struck at Ukrainian mint, Kyiv with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 1998, KM-45, Nagano Winter Olympic Games - Biathlon, struck at Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 1998, KM-50, Flora and Fauna of Ukraine Series - Askania-Nova Nature Reserve, struck at Ukrainian mint, Kyiv with COA of issue, Proof. The nature reserve was established in 1898 by Friedrich-Jacob Eduardovych Falz-Fein (1863–1920) around the German colony of Askania-Nova. In March 1919, Askania-Nova was confiscated from the Falz-Fein family by the Red Army as part of the state nationalization program. On April 1, 1919, Askania-Nova was declared a People's Sanctuary Park by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR; on February 8, 1921, it was reorganized into a State Steppe Reserve of the Ukrainian SSR.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 1998, KM-52, Nagano Winter Olympic Games - Figure Skating, struck at Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 1998, KM-53, Princes of Ukraine Series - Prince Kyi, struck at Ukrainian mint, Kyiv with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 20 hryven, 1998, KM-58, Heroes of Cossack Age - 17th Century Cossack Uprising, struck at Ukrainian mint, Kyiv with COA of issue, Proof. This type portrays a depiction of a fight of a Zaporizhzhya Cossack and a Polish winged Reitar. Aside of the battle scene there are rider figures: Hetman Bohdan Khmelnitsky, leader of the liberation movement, and a Bandura-Cossack, the bard of heroic campaigns.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 1998, KM-64, Princes of Ukraine Series - Danylo of Halych, struck at Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof. The coin is dedicated to Danylo of Halych (1205-1264), the Duke of the Grand Duchy of Halytsien and Volynien.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 1998, KM-67, Spiritual Treasures of Ukraine Series - St. Michael's Golden-Domed Cathedral, struck at Ukrainian mint, Kyiv with COA of issue, Proof. The commemorative coin is dedicated to the restoration of St. Michael's Golden-Domed Cathedral, a historical and architectural monument of the Kievan Rus' period.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 1998, KM-70, Spiritual Treasures of Ukraine Series - The Kyiv-Pechersk Assumption Cathedral, struck at Ukrainian mint, Kyiv with COA of issue, Proof. The coin is dedicated to the restoration of the Assumption Cathedral of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra monastery, an outstanding historical and cultural monument of Ukraine from the 11th-18th centuries.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 1999, KM-77, Heroes of Cossack Age Series - Dmytro Vyshnevetsky, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof. The commemorative coin is dedicated to Dmytro Vyshnevetsky, the orthodox Prince and Cossack ataman, who in 1556 built a fortress on the Dnipro River island of Mala Khortytsia and founded the Zaporizhian Sich.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 1999, KM-85, 2000 Years of the Nativity, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof. A Traditional Christmas scene shows the birth of Jesus Christ according to the Bible. The Blessed Virgin with the baby in the aureole of the Bethlehem star is surrounded by the domestic animals and The Three Wise Men with gifts.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 1999, KM-86, Princes of Ukraine Series - Askold, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof. According to the Primary Chronicle, the primary source of Kievan Rus, Askold was a prince of Kiev and founder of the first Viking state in the Dnieper. The Primary Chronicle states that Askold and Dir were sent by Rurik to Constantinople. While traveling on the Dnieper, they saw a settlement on a mountain.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 1999, KM-87, Spiritual Treasures of Ukraine Series - 500th Anniversary of Kyiv's Magdeburg Law, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 1999, KM-88, Heroes of Cossack Age Series - Petro Doroshenko, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof. Petro Dorofiiovych Doroshenko (1627-1698) was a Cossack political and military leader, Hetman of right-bank Ukraine (1665-1672) and a Russian voivode or military leader.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 1999, KM-89, Flora and Fauna of Ukraine Series - Garden Dormouse, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv with COA of issue, Proof. The garden dormouse (Eliomys quercinus) is a species of dormouse native to Europe.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 1999, KM-90, Flora and Fauna of Ukraine Series - Steppe or Tawny Eagle, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof. The tawny eagle (Aquila rapax) is a large bird of prey. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. Its heavily feathered legs mark it as a member of the subfamily Aquilinae, also known as booted eagles.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 1999, KM-117, Sydney Summer Olympic Games - Parallel Bars, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 1999, KM-118, Flora and Fauna of Ukraine Series - Butterfly Orchid, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv with COA of issue, Proof. Platanthera bifolia, commonly known as the lesser butterfly-orchid, is a species of orchid in the genus Platanthera, having certain relations with the genus Orchis, where it was previously included and also with the genus Habenaria. It is a Palaearctic species occurring from Ireland in the west, across Europe and Asia.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2000, KM-108, 55th Anniversary of Victory in the Second World War, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2000, KM-109, 2000 Years of Christmas – Baptizing of Rus, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2000, KM-116, Summer Olympic Games Sydney - Triple Jump, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2000, KM-119, Princes of Ukraine Series – Princess Olga, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2000, KM-120, Heroes of Cossack Age Series – Petro Sahaidachnyi, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2000, KM-121, Flora and Fauna Series – Freshwater Crab, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2000, KM-122, Princes of Ukraine Series – Volodymyr the Great, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2000, KM-123, Centennial of the Lviv Opera and Ballet Theatre, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2001, KM-113, Heroes of Cossack Age Series – Ivan Mazepa, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2001, KM-115, Flora and Fauna Series – Eurasian lynx, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2001, KM-130, 10th Anniversary of the National Bank of Ukraine, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2001, KM-130, 10th Anniversary of the National Bank of Ukraine, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2001, KM-131, Winter Olympics Salt Lake City - Ice Dancing, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2001, KM-141, Flora and Fauna Series – Polish larch (Larix Polonica), struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2001, KM-142, Architectural Monuments of Ukraine Series – The Khan's Palace in Bakhchysarai, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof. The Khan's Palace is located in the town of Bakhchysarai, Crimea. It was built in the 16th century and became home to a succession of Crimean Giray Khans. The walled enclosure contains a mosque, a harem, a cemetery, living quarters and gardens. The palace interior has been decorated to appear lived in and reflects the traditional 16th-century Crimean Tatar style. It is one of the best known Muslim palaces found in Europe, alongside the Sultan palaces of Istanbul and the Alhambra in Spain.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2001, KM-165, Winter Olympics Salt Lake City - Hockey, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2002, KM-145, Heroes of Cossack Age Series – Ivan Sirko, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2002, KM-146, Winter Olympics Salt Lake City - Speed Skating, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2002, KM-160, Architectural Monuments of Ukraine Series – Cathedral of Virgin's Nativity in the town of Kozelets, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2002, KM-161, Princes of Ukraine Series – Volodymyr Monomakh, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2002, KM-162, Princes of Ukraine Series – Svyatoslav I Igorevich, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2002, KM-176, Summer Olympic Games Athens - Swimming, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2002, KM-177, Heroes of Cossack Age Series – Pylyp Orlyk, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2003, KM-189, Summer Olympic Games Athens - Boxing, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2003, KM-190, Architectural Monuments of Ukraine Series – Livadia Palace in Crimea, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2003, KM-191, Airplanes of Ukraine Series – Antonov An-2, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2003, KM-192, Ritual Holidays of Ukraine Series – Easter, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2003, KM-193, Architectural Monuments of Ukraine Series – Holy Dormition Pochaiv Lavra, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2003, KM-194, Flora and Fauna Series – Black Sea Seahorse (Hippocampus guttulatus microstephanus), struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2003, KM-195, Heroes of Cossack Age Series – Kyrylo Rozumovskyi, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2003, KM-196, Heroes of Cossack Age Series – Pavlo Polubotok, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2003, KM-197, Architectural Monuments of Ukraine Series – Genoese Fortress in Sudak, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2003, KM-198, Flora and Fauna Series – European Bison, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2004, KM-206, Flora and Fauna Series – Azov Dolphin (Phoecena phoecena relicta abel), struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2004, KM-207, Football World Cup - Germany, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 5 hryven, 2004, KM-218, Higher Educational Establishments of Ukraine Series – 200th Anniversary of the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 5 hryven, 2004, KM-219, Higher Educational Establishments of Ukraine Series – 170th Anniversary of the Kyiv National University, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2004, KM-224, Maritime History of Ukraine Series – Icebreaker "Captain Belousov", struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2004, KM-225, Ritual Holidays of Ukraine Series – Whitsunday, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2004, KM-337, Airplanes of Ukraine Series – Antonov An-140, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2004, KM-339, Famous Families of Ukraine Series – Ostrozkyi Family, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2004, KM-340, Architectural Monuments of Ukraine Series – St. George's Cathedral, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2004, KM-342, Heroic Defence of the City of Sevastopol in 1854-1856 during the Crimean War, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2004, KM-343, Heroes of Cossack Age Series – Pereyaslav Cossack Council, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2004, KM-343, Heroes of Cossack Age Series – Pereyaslav Cossack Council, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2004, KM-343, Heroes of Cossack Age Series – Pereyaslav Cossack Council, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2005, KM-358, Flora and Fauna Series – Sandy Mole Rat (Spalax arenarius reshetnik), struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2005, KM-367, Ritual Holidays of Ukraine Series – Intercession, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2005, KM-370, 60th Anniversary of Ukraine Membership in the United Nations, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2005, KM-371, National Anthem of Ukraine - Derzhavnyy himn Ukrayiny, holographic image of a conventionalized flower, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2005, KM-372, Centenary of Olha Kobylianska Music and Drama Theatre in Chernivtsi, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2005, KM-373, Architectural Monuments of Ukraine – Sviatohirsk Assumption Lavra Monastery, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2005, KM-381, Hetman Capital Cities Series – Baturyn, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2005, KM-382, Famous Families of Ukraine Series – Symyrenko Family, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 5 hryven, 2006, KM-388, Chinese Zodiac Calendar – Year of the Dog, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 5 hryven, 2006, KM-389, Signs of the Zodiac Series - Aries, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 5 hryven, 2006, KM-390, Higher Educational Establishments of Ukraine Series – 100th Anniversary of the Kyiv National Economic University, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2006, KM-392, Flora and Fauna Series - Bush Katydid Grasshopper (Poecilimon ukrainicus), struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 5 hryven, 2006, KM-405, Signs of the Zodiac Series - Taurus, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 5 hryven, 2006, KM-407, Signs of the Zodiac Series - Gemini, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2006, KM-410, 10th Anniversary of the Constitution of Ukraine, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 5 hryven, 2006, KM-418, Outstanding Personalities of Ukraine – 150th Anniversary of the Birth of Ivan Franko, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2006, KM-424, Hetman Capital Cities Series - Chyhyryn, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2006, KM-425, 10th Anniversary of the Clearing House of Ukraine, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 10 hryven, 2006, KM-427, Winter Olympic Games-Turin - Luge, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, Proof.

VATICAN: Paul VI, 1963-1978, AR medal (45.72g), year VI (1968), 45x35mm oval .800 fine silver medal for the Priesthood by Floriano Bodini, bust of Pope right as bishop, with Holy Spirit behind in the form of a dove with PAULUL VI PONT / MAX - AN.VI around // a blessing priest, with a dove and a fish below and IN FIDE / VIVO - FILII QUI DELIXIT - ME around, done in a crude style in very high relief, very unusual, antique finish, in original plush red case, plain edge, Choice Unc.

YUGOSLAVIA: Alexander I, 1921-1934, 50 para, Brussels, 1925, KM-4, great luster and eye appeal, one-year type, PCGS graded MS65.

ANGOLA: Maria I & Pedro III, 1777-1786, AR 4 macutas, 1784, KM-22, Gomes-MP.05.02, well-toned, NGC graded EF45.

ANGOLA: Maria I, 1786-1799, AR 6 macutas, 1796, KM-33, Gomes-M1.06.02, NGC graded VF35.

BELGIAN CONGO: AE medal (148.37g), 1959, Lippens & van Keymulen-358, Porter page-188, 70mm large bronze medal by P. deGreef for Fonson commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Banque du Congo Belge; BANQUE DU CONGO BELGE above elephant walking left with dates "1909-1959" below // "MATADI 1909" above view of first bank building, with "LEOPOLDVILLE 1959" at bottom below view of modern bank building, plain edge, with original box of issue.

DAHOMEY: Republic, AR 500 francs, 1971, KM-3.1, 10th Anniversary of Independence, semi-nude Ouémé Woman, surface hairlines, Proof.

EAST AFRICA & UGANDA: Edward VII, 1901-1910, 1/2 cent, 1909, KM-3, one-year type, a fantastic lustrous example! NGC graded MS66+.

EAST AFRICA & UGANDA: Edward VII, 1901-1910, 1/2 cent, 1909, KM-6a, a superb quality example! PCGS graded MS65.

ERITREA: Umberto I, 1878-1900, AR 50 centesimi, 1890-M, KM-1, one-year type, with much prooflike luster, some discoloration, AU-UNC Possibly a proof or an early strike.

ETHIOPIA: Menelik II, 1889-1913, AR birr, EE1895 (1902-03), KM-19, two-year type, many small contact marks, VF-XF.

GERMAN EAST AFRICA: Wilhelm II, 1888-1918, AR rupie, 1890, KM-2, NGC graded AU58.

GERMAN EAST AFRICA: Wilhelm II, 1888-1918, AE 5 heller, 1908-J, KM-11, decent brown patina, NGC graded MS63 BN. Some sticker residue on the obverse of the holder.

MADAGASCAR: Republic, AR 20 ariary, 1998, KM-26, UNICEF - Child stretching out his hand to a ring-tailed lemur in a tree, PCGS graded PF69 Deep Cameo.

ST. THOMAS & PRINCE: Portuguese Colony, 50 centavos, 1951, KM-10, brilliant cartwheel luster, PCGS graded MS66. Tied for finest example at PCGS (Top Pop: 4/0).

ST. THOMAS & PRINCE: Portuguese Colony, 1 escudo, 1951, KM-11, attractive luster, PCGS graded MS64.

SOUTH AFRICA: AE medal, ND (1900), Laidlaw-0116a (AE), 28mm unsigned gilt white metal (?) medalet of S.J.P. Kruger, uniformed bust facing of Kruger with S. J. P. KRUGER around // South African arms within laurel wreath with EENDRACHT MAAKT MACHT (Unity is Strength) around, with integral loop and ring, semi prooflike, plain edge, PCGS graded MS64. Issued upon his exile to Europe from South Africa.

SPANISH MOROCCO: AE medal, The Order of Hassania, Officer (Litizas) Class IV with original ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Order of Hassania (Orden de la Hassania or Wissam al-Hassaniya), established in the Spanish Protectorate of Morocco in 1949 and obsolete by 1956, was structured into several classes, often referred to by Arabic titles in their respective, generally masculine, divisions. It was awarded to both Spanish and Moroccan military officers and civilians for distinguished service within the Spanish zone. It was issued in several classes, including a Commander medal, and was made obsolete around 1956 after Morocco gained full independence.

SUDAN: Republic, AR 10 pounds, 1979/AH1400, KM-81, 15th Century of Islam, PCGS graded PF69 Deep Cameo.

SUDAN: Republic, AR 5 pounds, 1979/AH1400, KM-80, 15th Century of Islam, PCGS graded PF68 Deep Cameo.

SUDAN: Republic, AR 5 pounds, 1984/AH1404, KM-32, United Nations Decade for Women, PCGS graded PF69 Deep Cameo.

TANZANIA: Republic, 2000 shilingi die, 1996, proof reverse die used for production of Bruce-X4 and X11 ICB medallic issues, 1996 Olympics Centenary-Atlanta, with two small edge cuts to signify cancellation, with just a few faint hairlines on the die face, Proof.

ANGUILLA: Provisional Government, AR liberty dollar, 1967, Bruce-X1, countermark on 1956 Mexico 5 pesos KM-469, a lovely example! PCGS graded AU50. These countermarked coins, "Anguilla Liberty Dollar, July 11, 1967", were made by Scott Newhall, then-editor of the San Francisco Chronicle. Always on the lookout for a zany antic to splash across the editorial pages of the Chronicle, Newhall embraced the so-called Anguillan revolution of 1967. To facilitate commerce for the revolutionaries, Newhall, an avid coin collector, took 11,600 dollar-sized silver coins and countermarked them in the basement of the Chronicle building in San Francisco. The idea was Newhall would be recompensed for his actual costs, and the new Anguillan government would sell the coins to collectors at a surcharge and keep the profits. It bombed. Just 2,000 to 3,000 were put into commerce, and Newhall was stuck with the balance of the defaced coins, which he eventually sold for the melt price of silver. Many more were melted in the following years and they are now becoming scarce.

ANGUILLA: Provisional Government, AR liberty dollar, 1967, Bruce-X3, Referendum on Anguilla's Secession, countermarked on Peru silver sol 1923 KM-218.1, PCGS graded VF30. These countermarked coins, "Anguilla Liberty Dollar, July 11, 1967", were made by Scott Newhall, then-editor of the San Francisco Chronicle. Always on the lookout for a zany antic to splash across the editorial pages of the Chronicle, Newhall embraced the so-called Anguillan revolution of 1967. To facilitate commerce for the revolutionaries, Newhall, an avid coin collector, took 11,600 dollar-sized silver coins and countermarked them in the basement of the Chronicle building in San Francisco. The idea was Newhall would be recompensed for his actual costs, and the new Anguillan government would sell the coins to collectors at a surcharge and keep the profits. It bombed. Just 2,000 to 3,000 were put into commerce, and Newhall was stuck with the balance of the defaced coins, which he eventually sold for the melt price of silver. Many more were melted in the following years and they are now becoming scarce.

ARGENTINA: Confederation, AR 4 reales, La Rioja, 1850, KM-20, assayer RB, PCGS graded EF45.

ARGENTINA: Republic, AR peso, 1882, KM-29, lightly cleaned, minor tooling around C of REPUBLICA, some light toning, XF.

BOLIVIA: Carlos IV, 1788-1808, AR 8 reales, 1805-LIMAE, KM-97, assayer JP, with an additional left-facing laureate bust carved into the obverse right field, some discoloration, VF. These pieces seem to have been unofficially modified as love tokens or as a political statement. See Gurney (pp. 179-182) for similar examples.

BOLIVIA: Fernando VII, 1808-1825, AR 8 reales, 1825-PTS, KM-84, assayer J, with an additional bust carved into the original bust, VF. These pieces seem to have been unofficially modified as love tokens or as a political statement. See Gurney (pp. 179-182) for similar examples.

BOLIVIA: Republic, AR 4 soles, 1857-PTS, KM-123.2, assayer FJ, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63.

BOLIVIA: Republic, AR 1/2 sol, Potosi, 1860-PTS, KM-133.2, assayer FJ, nicely toned, PCGS graded MS62.

BOLIVIA: Republic, AR 1/2 sol, 1865, Fonrobert-9682, 15mm silver proclamation type, EL HEROE DE DICIEMBR in legend with 11 stars, bearded head of Melgarejo left,with beard pointed at second star // SALVA LA PATRIA DE LA ANARQUIA and date around winged dragon, wings pointed outwards, a pleasing mint state example, PCGS graded MS62.

BRAZIL: João, regent, 1799-1816, AR 960 reis, Bahia, 1812-B, KM-307.1, overstruck on a Spanish colonial 8 reales, cleaning scratches, NGC graded AU details.

BRAZIL: João, regent, 1799-1816, AR 960 reis, Bahia, 1813-B, KM-307.1, overstruck on a Mexico Fernando VII 8 reales with imaginary bust (KM-110), with assayer initials HJ and cuirass on bust visible, small gouge on obverse, a few scratches, attractive gray toning, NGC graded AU details.

BRAZIL: João, regent, 1799-1816, AR 960 reis, Bahia, 1814-B, KM-307.1, die shift, a few small testmarks, cleaned, NGC graded AU details.

BRAZIL: João, regent, 1799-1816, AR 960 reis, Bahia, 1815-B, KM-307.1, overstruck on a Spanish colonial 8 reales, lightly cleaned, some toning, NGC graded AU details.

BRAZIL: João, regent, 1799-1816, AR 960 reis, Bahia, 1816-B, KM-307.1, Maldonado-333.13, struck over a Colonial Mexico 8 reales, toned, star at top of crown, PCGS graded EF45.

BRAZIL: João, regent, 1799-1816, AR 960 reis, Bahia, 1816-B, KM-307.1, overstruck on a Peru colonial 8 reales with LIMAE mintmark visible, cleaned, NGC graded AU details.

BRAZIL: João, regent, 1799-1816, AR 960 reis, Rio de Janeiro, 1810-R, KM-307.3, overstruck on a Spanish colonial 8 reales, lightly cleaned, lightly toned, NGC graded AU details.

BRAZIL: João, regent, 1799-1816, AR 960 reis, Rio de Janeiro, 1813-R, KM-307.3, overstruck on a Bolivia colonial 8 reales with PTS mintmark visible, scratches, graffito in ink on reverse, light luster, NGC graded AU details.

BRAZIL: João, regent, 1799-1816, AR 960 reis, Rio de Janeiro, 1814-R, KM-307.3, overstruck on a Spanish colonial 8 reales, cleaned, NGC graded AU details.

BRAZIL: João, regent, 1799-1816, AR 960 reis, Rio de Janeiro, 1815-R, KM-307.3, overstruck on a Spanish colonial 8 reales, lightly cleaned, toned, NGC graded AU details.

BRAZIL: João, regent, 1799-1816, AR 960 reis, Rio de Janeiro, 1816-R, KM-307.3, lightly cleaned, light luster with a touch of toning, NGC graded AU details.

BRAZIL: João, regent, 1799-1816, AR 960 reis, Rio de Janeiro, 1817-R, KM-307.3, overstruck on a Spanish colonial 8 reales, obverse rim filing, lightly cleaned, NGC graded AU details.

BRAZIL: João, regent, 1799-1816, AR 960 reis, Rio de Janeiro, 1818-R, KM-307.3, light hairlines, a couple scratches on obverse, NGC graded AU details.

BRAZIL: João VI, 1818-1822, AR 960 reis, Rio de Janeiro, 1819-R, KM-326.1, overstruck on a Spanish colonial 8 reales, cleaned, NGC graded AU details.

BRAZIL: João VI, 1818-1822, AR 960 reis, Bahia, 1820-B, KM-326.2, overstruck on a Spanish colonial 8 reales, polished, NGC graded AU details.

BRAZIL: João VI, 1818-1822, AR 960 reis, Bahia, 1821/0-B, KM-326.2, overstruck on a Mexico colonial 8 reales of 1787, with large parts of the undertype's legends visible, lightly cleaned, touch of toning, NGC graded AU details.

BRITISH HONDURAS: George V, 1910-1936, AE cent, 1916, KM-19, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63 BN.

BRITISH HONDURAS: George V, 1910-1936, AR 50 cents, 1919, KM-18, two-year type, PCGS graded AU50.

LOWER CANADA: George III, 1760-1820, AE halfpenny token (4.91g), 1820, Charlton-LC-60-10, small lamination defect in left obverse field, rare variety, F-VF.

NEW BRUNSWICK: Victoria, 1837-1867, AE cent, 1864, KM-6, variety with short 6, PCGS graded MS63 BN.

NEWFOUNDLAND: Victoria, 1837-1901, AE cent, 1880, KM-1, variety with round 0 and even date, PCGS graded MS63 BN.

NEWFOUNDLAND: Victoria, 1837-1901, AE cent, 1890, KM-1, PCGS graded MS63 BN.

NEWFOUNDLAND: Edward VII, 1901-1910, AE cent, 1904-H, KM-9, struck at the Heaton Mint, PCGS graded MS63 BN.

NEWFOUNDLAND: Edward VII, 1901-1910, AE cent, 1909, KM-9, attractive golden luster on reverse, PCGS graded MS63 BN.

NEWFOUNDLAND: George V, 1910-1936, AE cent, 1913, KM-16, lovely orange luster, PCGS graded MS64 RB.

NEWFOUNDLAND: George V, 1910-1936, AE cent, 1917-C, KM-16, attractive luster, PCGS graded MS64 BN.

NEWFOUNDLAND: George V, 1910-1936, AE cent, 1920-C, KM-16, lustrous with iridescent toning, PCGS graded MS64 RB.

NEWFOUNDLAND: George V, 1910-1936, AE cent, 1929, KM-16, a wonderful mint state example with intense orange luster, PCGS graded MS64 RB.

NEWFOUNDLAND: George VI, 1936-1952, AE cent, 1943-C, KM-18, gorgeous auburn luster, PCGS graded MS64 RB.

NOVA SCOTIA: Victoria, 1837-1867, AE cent, 1864, KM-8, PCGS graded AU58.

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND: Victoria, 1837-1873, AE cent, 1871, KM-4, coin alignment, lovely shimmering luster, PCGS graded MS63 BN.

CANADA: Victoria, 1867-1901, AE cent, 1887, KM-7, a wonderful example, PCGS graded MS64 RB.

CANADA: AE medal (62.05g), 1896, Breton-168, 50mm bronze medal struck by Stefano Johnson, Milan commemorating the Inauguration of the Château de Ramezay Museum and Library; CIVIC LIBRARY INAUGURATED BY H. J. TIFFIN - 1896 around bust left // CHATEAU DE RAMEZAY, view of the Château de Ramezay; in two lines in exergue "MUSEUM AND LIBRARY / 1705-1896", all above sprig, a superb lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS65.

CANADA: Edward VII, 1901-1910, AR 25 cents, 1902, KM-11, beautiful rainbow album toning, great eye appeal, PCGS graded AU58.

CANADA: George V, 1910-1936, AR 5 cents, 1918, KM-22, a wonderful lustrous example! PCGS graded MS64.

CANADA: George VI, 1936-1952, AE cent, 1947, KM-32, maple leaf at date, full red, NGC graded MS65 RD.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 15 dollars, 1998, KM-304, Chinese Lunar Calendar Series - Year of the Tiger, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint plush case of issue, Proof. The design features a 24-Karat gold-plated cameo depicting a tiger at center, surrounded by 12 astrological animals marking the Chinese lunar calendar.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 15 dollars, 1998, KM-304, Chinese Lunar Calendar Series - Year of the Tiger, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint plush case of issue, Proof. The design features a 24-Karat gold-plated cameo depicting a tiger at center, surrounded by 12 astrological animals marking the Chinese lunar calendar.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 15 dollars, 1999, KM-331, Chinese Lunar Calendar Series - Year of the Rabbit, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint plush case of issue, Proof. The design features a 24-Karat gold-plated cameo depicting a rabbit at center, surrounded by 12 astrological animals marking the Chinese lunar calendar.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 15 dollars, 1999, KM-331, Chinese Lunar Calendar Series - Year of the Rabbit, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint plush case of issue, Proof. The design features a 24-Karat gold-plated cameo depicting a rabbit at center, surrounded by 12 astrological animals marking the Chinese lunar calendar.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 15 dollars, 2000, KM-387, Chinese Lunar Calendar Series - Year of the Dragon, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint plush case of issue, Proof. The design features a 24-Karat gold-plated cameo depicting a dragon at center, surrounded by 12 astrological animals marking the Chinese lunar calendar.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 15 dollars, 2001, KM-415, Chinese Lunar Calendar Series - Year of the Snake, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint plush case of issue, Proof. The design features a 24-Karat gold-plated cameo depicting a snake at center, surrounded by 12 astrological animals marking the Chinese lunar calendar.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 5 dollars, 2001, KM-436, Colorized Maple Leaf type, contain 1 troy ounce pure silver, AU, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 15 dollars, 2002, KM-463, Chinese Lunar Calendar Series - Year of the Horse, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint plush case of issue, Proof. The design features a 24-Karat gold-plated cameo depicting a horse at center, surrounded by 12 astrological animals marking the Chinese lunar calendar.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 15 dollars, 2003, KM-481, Chinese Lunar Calendar Series - Year of the Ram, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint plush case of issue, Proof. The design features a 24-Karat gold-plated cameo depicting a ram at center, surrounded by 12 astrological animals marking the Chinese lunar calendar.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 15 dollars, 2005, KM-560, Chinese Lunar Calendar Series - Year of the Rooster, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint plush case of issue, Proof. The design features a 24-Karat gold-plated cameo depicting a rooster at center, surrounded by 12 astrological animals marking the Chinese lunar calendar.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 4 dollars, 2008, KM-797, Dinosaur Series - Triceratops, contains 0.510 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. Features a complete Triceratops skull, a rare discovery made in Saskatchewan in 1967, which is made with special tarnished silver. Triceratops is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsid dinosaur that first appeared during the late Maastrichtian stage of the late Cretaceous period, about 68 million years ago in what is now North America. It is one of the last known non-avian dinosaur genera, and became extinct in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 4 dollars, 2008, KM-797, Dinosaur Series - Triceratops, contains 0.510 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. Features a complete Triceratops skull, a rare discovery made in Saskatchewan in 1967, which is made with special tarnished silver. Triceratops is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsid dinosaur that first appeared during the late Maastrichtian stage of the late Cretaceous period, about 68 million years ago in what is now North America. It is one of the last known non-avian dinosaur genera, and became extinct in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 8 dollars, 2009, KM-943, Maple of Wisdom, contains 0.752 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. This coin features a dragon clutching a colored maple leaf hologram, encircling a red Swarovski Element crystal. As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "The dragon is one of the most revered and significant symbols of Chinese culture, a celestial and supernatural power associated with countless legends. He symbolizes success, good fortune and wisdom, his greatest gift. The magical dragon always evokes the emperor, the ruling class or the supreme power. He can become invisible or change size and color at will. The dragon also rules the seas and guards a precious treasure buried in the depths... the pearl. According to Chinese culture, the pearl symbolizes perfection and absolute wisdom. It must therefore remain with the dragon who, like the emperor, spreads great "pearls of wisdom" while ensuring the abundance and prosperity of Canada's new generation of immigrants."

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 3 dollars, 2010, KM-978, Return of the Tyee, two tyee (Chinook salmon) swimming in a circle representing the circle of life with rose and yellow selective gold plating, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "If there's one fish that defines the history of North America's First Nations, it's salmon, an essential food on the northwest coast since time immemorial. After a few weeks of intense effort, coastal peoples built up abundant reserves during the salmon run, satisfying their needs and allowing them to enjoy their leisure time. A "source of life", this fish was the object of a veritable cult, particularly the largest species, the chinook salmon, which was called tyee, meaning "the king". Here it is treated to the height of its ancestral cultural importance, clad in rose gold and encircled in yellow gold on a superb piece of pure silver."

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, gilt AR 3 dollars, 2010, KM-1011, Barn Owl, 24-carat gold-plated silver struck on a square flan, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe wood case of issue, Proof.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 15 dollars, 2010, KM-1038, Chinese Lunar Year Series - Year of the Tiger, contains 0.782 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe case of issue, Proof.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 15 dollars, 2011, KM-1055, Chinese Lunar Year Series - Year of the Rabbit, contains 0.782 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe case of issue, Proof.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 15 dollars, 2012, KM-1183, Chinese Lunar Year Series - Year of the Dragon, contains 0.788 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe case of issue, Proof.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 15 dollars, 2012, KM-1183, Chinese Lunar Year Series - Year of the Dragon, contains 0.788 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe case of issue, Proof.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 15 dollars, 2012, KM-1183, Chinese Lunar Year Series - Year of the Dragon, contains 0.788 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe case of issue, Proof.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR dollar, 2012, KM-A1451, Maple Leaf Red Impression, Proof. As per the Royal Canadian Mint. "For almost 300 years, the red maple leaf has symbolized Canadian identity and values. Today, Canadians faithfully display this symbol as a pin or badge, distinguishing them wherever they go. Of course, the maple leaf can be found on our national flag, but it has only been there since the last century. During the First World War, future Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson noticed that it appeared on the insignia of all Canadian battalions. Half a century later, the unified flag was adopted."

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR cent, 2012, RCM-116689, with Maple Leaves plated in rose gold, contains 1/2 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. From the Royal Canadian Mint, "The year 2012 marked the end of production of Canada’s 1-cent piece. This commemorative 1-cent piece is certified to be 99.99% fine silver selectively plated with pink gold. The coin has a diameter of 34 millimetres and a metal weight of 15.87g. The reverse features G.E. Kruger-Gray’s iconic 1937 design, which was used as the Canadian 1-cent piece reverse image from 1937 to 2012, with the sole exception of 1967. The image features two upright five-lobed maple leaves, the larger one on the right slightly overlapping the smaller leaf on the left. Both are attached by their stems to a small twig. The maple leaves and twig are beautifully plated in pink gold, providing a stunning counterpoint to the coin’s polished pure silver. The date of the penny’s last production, "2012," is engraved just below and to the left of the central image."

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 15 dollars, 2013, KM-1359, Chinese Lunar Year Series - Year of the Snake, contains 0.788 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe case of issue, Proof.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 10 dollars, 2014, KM-1436, Canadian Tiger Swallowtail, contains 0.901 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. This design features an engraved and colorized Canadian tiger swallowtail butterfly, a harbinger of spring, resting on an engraved dandelion.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 20 dollars, 2013, KM-1448, 75th Anniversary of Superman, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. Superman flies over Metropolis, surrounded by the Kryptonian language of his birthplace in a 3D achromatic hologram. As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "For 75 years, Superman has been the protector of the city of Metropolis. With the Daily Planet dominating its cityscape, it's not uncommon to also see the Man of Tomorrow flying overhead. The Royal Canadian Mint, Official Licensee of DC Comics, introduces the first struck achromatic hologram coin in the world, and a tribute to Superman's 75th anniversary. Exceptional packaging fit for the Man of Steel's 75th birthday, including a clear acrylic presentation case and graphic beauty box displaying The Daily Planet, workplace of reporter Clark Kent."

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 20 dollars, 2013, KM-1474, Dinosaur Series - Scutellosaurus, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "The second coin in the RCM's exciting new series featuring portraits of prehistoric animals discovered in Canada! The reverse image features an interpretation of what the Nova Scotian ornithischian (a small, bird-hipped dinosaur) may have looked like if similar to Scutellosaurus. The scientific accuracy of the depiction was verified by palaeontologists of the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology. Viewed from its left side, Scutellosaurus shows rows of hundreds of armoured "scutes" that cover the entire upper portion of its body, from the back of its head to the tip of its exceptionally long tail. Its narrow head turns toward the centre of the image, facing the viewer with its right eye."

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 20 dollars, 2013, KM-1474, Dinosaur Series - Bathygnathus Borealis, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. One of the first fossil discoveries to fascinate the Canadian imagination was Bathygnathus borealis, unearthed in 1845 near New London, Prince Edward Island. It wasn't until 1905 that the bone was correctly identified: a fragment of the upper jaw of a sphenacodontid, a member of the mammalian reptile family of pelycosaurs, or synapsids, animals that lived from the Late Pennsylvanian to the mid-Permian. Based on the similarities between the jaws, experts believe that the specimen actually comes from the famous dorsal-sailed Dimetrodon or a similar animal, although no fossil evidence of a dorsal sail has yet been found. If Bathygnathus resembled Dimetrodon, the large "sail" on its back is thought to have served to regulate body temperature.

CANADA: 12-coin silver proof set, 2013, Ô Canada Series, set of silver 10 dollar coins including Polar Bear, Inukshuk, Beaver, Caribou, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Wolf, Summer Fun, Hockey, Orca, Niagara Falls, Holiday Season, and colorized Maple Leaf; set contains a total of 6 troy ounces of pure silver, all set in original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe wooden case of issue, set of 12 coins, Proof. The 2013 Royal Canadian Mint "Ô Canada" series features twelve $10, 1/2 tory ounce 99.99% pure silver coin designs featuring some of the most iconic images of Canada celebrating the beauty of the country, Canadian wildlife and its natural wonders.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 10 dollars, 2014, KM-1653, Green Darner Dragonfly, contains 0.510 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "The second in the Royal Canadian Mint's exciting "Dragonfly" series featuring painted Canadian dragonfly species set against hologram images of their natural habitat! One of the loveliest, largest, and most widespread dragonfly species in Canada is Anax junius, commonly known as the Green Darner. Both males and females range in length between 70 and 80 millimetres and have a wingspan of 100 to 120 millimetres. The Green Darner's common name is rooted in its bright green body and long blue abdominal region marked with a black line along its entire length that looks much like a darning needle. The Green Darner has large green or brown eyes that join at the top of its head, extending the dragonfly's scope of vision to nearly 360 degrees. The area just in front of the conjoined eyes bears a distinctive dark "bull's-eye" marking."

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 5 dollars, 2014, KM-1731, Lion on the Mountain, contains 0.739 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. From the Royal Canadian Mint, "The design on this coin is an engraved reproduction of the 'Lion on the Mountain' vignette which appeared on the $50 note issued by the Northern Crown Bank in 1908 and 1914. The Northern Crown Bank was based in Manitoba, and had 111 branches when it was bought out by the Royal Bank in 1918. Until the late 1930s, most banknotes circulating in Canada in denominations of $5 and higher were issued by the chartered banks, and this was the primary paper money of Canada. As these banknotes essentially provided the banks with an interest free loan and source of funding, they actively competed to get their notes into circulation, often by including beautiful artwork and interesting vignettes."

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 20 dollars, 2014, KM-1796, Red-Spotted Purple Butterfly, colorized reverse element, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. From the Royal Canadian Mint, "This beautifully engraved and colored 99.99% pure silver coin features the admiral butterfly, whose Canadian habitat is largely limited to southern Ontario. The colors and spots adorning this graceful butterfly are an important adaptation aimed at protecting it. In fact, the Admiral butterfly has evolved to mimic a venomous butterfly, the Aristolochia butterfly. The limenitis arthemis astyanax closely resembles its close relative, the white admiral, a very common butterfly. The upper wing is a brilliant shade of bluish purple, highlighted by several rows of blue-white lines. The upper hindwing is embellished with lovely blue-green squares. Where their ranges overlap, the Admiral also bears the white bands that characterize the White Admiral. Admiral butterflies are most often found on the outskirts of wooded areas, on sunny gravel roads and in clearings."

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 20 dollars, 2015, KM-1822, Ice Dancer, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. This coin features the colorized image of a family skating on an ice pond. As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "As soon as we start skating, we're carried away by the dance! We race across the ice. Chases, discoveries and laughter are the order of the day with family and friends. We can't escape the bruises and tired knees, but they're soon forgotten. The hands that once helped us up now encourage us to stand on our own two feet. Inspired by time spent with his daughter, Douglas R. Laird painted this precious scene - now reproduced on a coin - that illustrates the pleasure of sharing good times with family, and encourages young people to realize their dreams. While skating has long been a popular winter pastime for Canadians, it's figure skating that has really taken off in Canada over the past century. The power, grace and beauty of the skaters, whether in singles or pairs, fires the imagination and inspires thousands of children every year to take part in one of Canada's many world-class figure skating programs."

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 15 dollars, 2016, KM-2158, Chinese Lunar Year Series - Year of the Monkey, contains 0.858 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe case of issue, Proof.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 20 dollars, 2016, KM-2202, Mont Mégantic Observatory, silver dust swirls together with a variety of borosilicate colored glass pieces to re-create an image of the universe, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. Canadian artist Loïc Beaumont-Tremblay has re-created the forested setting of the Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic beneath a clear, star-filled sky. A globule of borosilicate glass shines with a stunning image of the universe. The round, crystal-clear qualities of the glass are similar to peering through a telescope lens, and its luminescence further enhances the viewer’s experience of gazing into the galaxy. From the Royal Canadian Mint, "Every coin has its own unique swirl and each one is captured in a globule of borosilicate glass that has been handcrafted and applied to the coin. The glass was also given added luminescence to capture the faint glow of the galaxy. Re-creating the forested setting of the Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic, Québec, beneath a clear, star-filled sky, the round, crystal-clear qualities of the glass are similar to peering through a telescope lens, and its luminescence further enhances the viewer’s experience of gazing into the galaxy."

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 20 dollars, 2016, KM-2213, Venetian Glass Angel, with Murano glass angel affixed to the reverse, amid winter scene in color, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. From the Royal Canadian Mint, "Designed by Canadian artist Julius Csotonyi, this coin features a magnificently detailed winter scene. In the center of this coin lies the focus of the design: a beautiful glass angel flying high on large white wings, a vibrantly coloured blue robe and golden halo. Watching over the sleepy town, this angel presence infuses the scene with a peaceful, tranquil feeling that stirs the imagination with its message of peace, comfort and joy. Murano glass coins from the Royal Canadian Mint are highly sought after today for their beauty and collectability. Because the Murano glass angel has been fashioned by hand, each coin is unique."

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 20 dollars, 2016, KM-2213, Venetian Glass Angel, with Murano glass angel affixed to the reverse, amid winter scene in color, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issu, Proof. From the Royal Canadian Mint, "Designed by Canadian artist Julius Csotonyi, this coin features a magnificently detailed winter scene. In the center of this coin lies the focus of the design: a beautiful glass angel flying high on large white wings, a vibrantly coloured blue robe and golden halo. Watching over the sleepy town, this angel presence infuses the scene with a peaceful, tranquil feeling that stirs the imagination with its message of peace, comfort and joy. Murano glass coins from the Royal Canadian Mint are highly sought after today for their beauty and collectability. Because the Murano glass angel has been fashioned by hand, each coin is unique."

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 3 dollars, 2017, KM-2348, Signs of the Zodiac Series - Sagittarius, contains 0.256 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. A clear Swarovski crystal aligns with the sign symbol, with dark blue crystal at the center representing the sign's color. As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "The zodiac has a long, rich history that dates back to Hellenic and Babylonian civilizations, when astrology and astronomy were virtually inseparable. Today, its 12 signs entertain, intrigue or inspire millions of people worldwide, who find hope or guidance in the cyclical alignment of the stars and planets! The stars align in the 2017 Zodiac series, which features sparkling Swarovski crystal embellishments within a coloured and engraved rendition of the zodiac."

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 15 dollars, 2017, KM-2355, Chinese Lunar Year Series - Year of the Snake, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe case of issue, Proof.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 20 dollars, 2017, KM-2423, Birch Leaves, with crystal-encrusted bright green drusy stone affixed to the reverse, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. From the Royal Canadian Mint, "Designed by Canadian artist Tony Bianco, your coin features a cluster of birch leaves that includes a green drusy stone leaf embellishment. The sparkling drusy leaf emerges from the engraved silver cluster, seeming to burst out of the image alongside a clutch of catkins. The image is encircled by an ornate Art Nouveau-style frame of curled branches and stylized foliate shapes. Variations in finishing work with intricate engraving to give the design depth and texture."

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 20 dollars, 2017, KM-2432, Dogbane Beetle, with Venetian glass beetle affixed on the reverse, contains 1 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. From the Royal Canadian Mint, "This coin’s reverse design is punctuated by a shimmering Venetian glass beetle that was handcrafted by master glassmaker Giuliano Donaggio in Murano, Italy. The glass beetle is poised on a coloured design by Canadian artist Maurice Gervais that features the leaves and pink, bell-shaped flowers of the dogbane plant, one of the beetle’s preferred food sources. Murano glass coins from the Royal Canadian Mint are highly sought after today for their beauty and collectability, and all issues to date have quickly sold out. Because the Murano glass dogbane beetle has been fashioned by hand, each coin is unique!"

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 5 dollars, 2020, KM-2959, Birthstones Series - February, contains 0.256 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. The reverse design by artist Pandora Young is an intersection of art and mathematics, and features a stylized pattern arranged according to the base-six system. Inspired by the Celtic triskele, the engraved art incorporates three clear Swarovski crystals into our birthstone celebration of those born in February, as represented by the gem-like Swarovski crystal at the center of the coin.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 5 dollars, 2020, KM-2960, Birthstones Series - March, contains 0.256 troy ounce of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. The reverse design by artist Pandora Young is an intersection of art and mathematics, and features a stylized pattern arranged according to the base-six system. Inspired by the Celtic triskele, the engraved art incorporates three clear Swarovski crystals into our birthstone celebration of those born in March, as represented by the gem-like Swarovski crystal at the center of the coin.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-1022, gilt AR 20 dollars, 2021, KM-3132, Master's Club Release - 25th Anniversary of Canada's National Arboreal Emblem, contains 0.852 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe wood case of issue, Proof. The fourth coin in the Master's Club annual series features one of the designs from the classic Maple Leaf Forever, a famous series inspired by the iconic maple leaf design that graced Canada's one-cent circulation coin from 1937 to 2012. On April 25, 1996, the Deputy Registrar of Canada proclaimed the Acer genus the country's official arboreal emblem, citing the maple leaf's historical role as a symbol of national identity, the important part the genus has played in the country's historical and commercial development, Acer's aesthetic importance to Canadians, and its role as an important, environmentally sustainable economic resource.

CANADA: Queen Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 30 dollars, 2021, KM-3136, Imposing Icons Series - White-Tailed Deer, contains 2.015 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. Designed by artist Maurade Baynton, the reverse features a selectively colorized close-up view of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The finely engraved backdrop showcases the forest, one of the deer's many habitats in Canada. As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "In Canada, the white-tailed deer is the most common and widely distributed large mammal. If you spot one, it is likely grazing in woodland edges and pastures. However, the deer startles easily; at the first sign of trouble, it raises the alarm by flagging its brown tail to reveal a white underside (hence its name) as it gallops out of sight. Coin Number 3 of our Imposing Icons series invites you to look deep into the eyes of the white-tailed deer. This close encounter with such a large prey species is made possible by the coin's large (50 mm) diameter, which provides ample room for both the engraved wilderness and colorful wildlife."

CANADA: Queen Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 30 dollars, 2021, KM-3137, Imposing Icons Series - Bison, contains 2.015 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. Designed by artist Maurade Baynton, the reverse features a selectively colored, close-up view of the plains bison (Bison bison bison). As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "There was a time when free-roaming herds of bison dominated the Canadian prairie. Today, this grassland icon is found in protected areas in the west and north. It is Canada’s largest land animal, thanks in part to the muscular shoulder hump and a coat of thick fur that adds to its mighty appearance. Our Imposing Icons series ends with a species of great historical and cultural importance to Canadians. Its design is a close encounter that is made possible by the silver coin’s large diameter, and by its captivating mix of selective colour and exceptional engraving."

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 100 dollars, 2021, KM-3147, National Colors - 10 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe case of issue, Proof. Colorized Red Maple Leaf with multiple smaller leaves on band around designed by Susanna Blunt.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 100 dollars, 2021, KM-3149, Canada’s Provincial and Territorial Flags - 10 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe case of issue, Proof. The coin shows the map of Canada as a colorful collage of the nation’s provincial and territorial flags. Each flag fills the shape of the province or territory it represents: Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut in the north; and from west to east, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador. As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "on the coin’s reverse, the map of Canada gives shape to an eye-catching collage of provincial and territorial flags. From east to west and across our north, each flag is distinguished by colours and symbols specific to the land, people and history they represent. These 13 flags come together beautifully on this special collectible, where they form an inspiring image that proudly represents Canada as a whole."

CANADA: Queen Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 30 dollars, 2022, KM-3243, Visions of Canada, contains 2.015 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. Designed by artist Susanna Blunt, the reverse features a fly-over perspective of some of Canada’s most breathtaking sights, including mountains, wildlife, waterfalls, and salmon. As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "Mountains, prairies, forests... so many different landscapes, all synonymous with Canada - this natural diversity is truly one of the country's great attractions. The Canadian people can be proud of the breathtaking beauty that characterizes their land for the world to see, a splendor that is represented on the reverse of this coin, where some of the country's most spectacular scenes are interwoven to form a single vision of 'home' that will touch every Canadian."

CANADA: Queen Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 30 dollars, 2022, KM-3243, Royal Canadian Air Force - Red Knight, contains 2.015 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. Designed by artist Susanna Blunt, the reverse is a tribute to the Red Knight’s legacy, and to its outstanding contribution to the RCAF and Canadian aviation history. As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "This coin's reverse pays tribute to the Red Knight, the Royal Canadian Air Force Training Command’s famous aerobatic performer from 1958 to 1969. Historical liaison was provided by authors J.C. Corrigan and D.V. Dempsey. To represent that timespan, the Canadair-built T-33 Silver Star is shown performing a manoeuvre alongside its eventual replacement, the Canadair-designed and built CT-114 Tutor (background). Accompanied by the red, gold and white Red Knight emblem, both aircraft are painted in their distinctive red colour schemes of the 1960s and set against the RCAF Roundel’s (pre-1965) maple leaf."

CANADA: Queen Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 30 dollars, 2022, KM-3244, 50th Anniversary of the Summit Series, contains 2.015 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. Designed by artist Susanna Blunt, the reverse features two hockey players representing Team Canada in the 1972 Canada-U.S.S.R. Summit Series, set against a background of a stylized maple leaf. The initials of Team Canada's coaches and the jersey numbers of each player are engraved around the circle. The circle is bordered by a ring with a background of hockey net mesh. As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "It was a series that culminated in one of the most iconic moments in Canadian history—a 'where were you when...?' moment that is cherished to this day—and those eight games ultimately changed the way hockey was played. Fifty years later, the intensity and excitement of the 1972 Summit Series between Canada and the Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.) still live on in the collective memory of Canadians, along with the heart, grit and determination demonstrated by members of Team Canada. Their legacy and team spirit are proudly honoured on this 50th anniversary commemorative coin, which features the stylized maple leaf that was the rallying symbol for an entire nation in September 1972."

CANADA: Queen Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 30 dollars, 2022, KM-3245, Two Bison, contains 2.015 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. Designed by artist Susanna Blunt, the reverse features two bison in the snow.

CANADA: Queen Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 30 dollars, 2022, KM-3247, Multifaceted Animal Family - Bald Eagles, contains 2.015 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. Designed by artist Susanna Blunt, the reverse features a Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), flying right, landing in nest below. To the right in the nest, three bald eagle chicks face the landing bird. Behind is a forest and a lake. As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "Whether flying solo or watching from the top of the tallest tree, the bald eagle, with its piercing gaze, is recognized as a symbol of strength. This majestic bird of prey can, however, show surprising tenderness when it feeds its offspring and sets an example to ensure the survival and prosperity of subsequent generations. Rarely seen, it's this side of the bird that is depicted on this pure silver coin. The multi-faceted engraving adds depth to the eagle and its eaglets, creating a fresh and dazzling picture of this creature seen from a whole new angle."

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 30 dollars, 2022, KM-3248, Signs of the Zodiac, contains 2.015 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. Enhanced with selective color, the reverse design is an engraved celestial illustration of the Sun and Moon surrounded by the 12 signs of the Zodiac. Inspired by classical Greek sculpture, the figures representing each sign on the outer circle are paired with their corresponding glyph in the second band, which is set against a colorful night sky, and these are numbered based on their zodiacal order (beginning at the top and moving in a counterclockwise direction): Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AR 50 dollars, 2022, KM-3250, Magic of the Season, contains 3.030 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. The reverse features Father Christmas / Santa with reindeer in front of three Christmas trees. Under a UV light, the trees show holiday lights!

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-1022, AR dollar, 2022, KM-, Master's Club Release - 35th Anniversary of the First 'Loonie" Dollar Coin, contains 2.015 troy ounces of pure silver and gilt highlighted elements, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe wood case of issue, Proof. As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "Your Master's Club exclusive celebrates the 35th anniversary of Canada’s one-dollar circulation coin with a special look back at a previous Loonie anniversary: the 1997 10th Anniversary of the Loon proof silver dollar. Recreated in a larger format and in pure silver—a higher purity than the original issue—the Flying Loon makes a splashy return on the eighth Renewed Silver Dollar coin, which features two modern updates on its reverse: selective gold plating and double dates ("1987-2022") commemorating the Loonie’s 35th anniversary."

CANADA: 6-coin silver proof set, 2022, The Bigger Picture Series featuring the Circulating Coins of Canada, set includes 5 cents, 10 cents, 25 cents, 50 cents, 1 dollar and 2 dollar, all struck in 5 troy ounces of pure silver each; set contains a total of 30 troy ounces of pure silver, all set in original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe wooden case of issue, set of 6 coins, Proof. As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "each of these coins is crafted from five ounces of the world’s finest silver (99.99% pure). That high silver content gives each coin a diameter of 65.25 mm and a metal weight of 157.6 g – the same as our popular Big Coin series – and that provides ample room for complex engraving and captivating designs. Selective gold plating adds a dazzling gleam to our finely engraved homage to the Loon and Polar Bear coins. It’s an upscale feature that mimics the look of the old-time favorite circulation coin designs.packaged in a gorgeous wooden display case that contains an insert for all six coins."

CANADA: Charles III, 2022-, AR 30 dollars, 2023, KM-3318, Vantage Point – Bald Eagle & Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee, contains 2.015 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "The reverse is an engraved adaptation by Susan Taylor of Vantage Point – Bald Eagle, an original work of art by Canadian wildlife artist Robert Bateman. It features a side view of a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) perched on the moss-covered roots of an uprooted tree. The coin’s luminous silver surface stands in for the original painting’s misty grey sky."

CANADA: Charles III, 2022-, AR 50 dollars, 2023, KM-3319, Pingualuit Crater - Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee, contains 5.066 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "Discover the beauty of Pingualuit Crater Lake... then activate the black light paint technology to see how it came to be! In the heart of the lunar-esque landscape of the Ungava Peninsula, in Nunavik, Quebec, lies a breathtaking lake with pure blue waters that stand out in any aerial view. A geological marvel, Pingualuit Crater Lake was created when a meteorite struck the Earth approximately 1.4 million years ago. This colourful 99.99% pure silver coin offers you an awe-inspiring view of the natural wonder: under normal light, you see the Crystal Eye of Nunavik peering out into space; under a black light, the reverse design whisks you back in time for a view of the landscape-altering meteorite, mere moments before it slammed into prehistoric Canada and left an almost perfectly circular impact scar."

CANADA: Charles III, 2022-, AR dollar, 2023, KM-, Master's Club Release - 150th Anniversary of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, contains 2.015 troy ounces of pure silver and gilt highlighted elements, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe wooden case of issue, Proof. As per the Royal Canadian Mint, "Commemorate the 150th anniversary of the RCMP with this exclusive renewed silver dollar from the Royal Canadian Mint! A must-have for collectors, this Master's Club release celebrates the enduring history and legacy of the RCMP."

CANADA: Charles III, 2022-, AR 30 dollars, 2024, KM-3456, Signs of the Zodiac - Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee, contains 2.015 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. Enhanced with selective color, the reverse design is an engraved celestial illustration of the Sun and Moon surrounded by the 12 signs of the Zodiac. Inspired by classical Greek sculpture, the figures representing each sign on the outer circle are paired with their corresponding glyph in the second band, which is set against a colorful night sky, and these are numbered based on their zodiacal order (beginning at the top and moving in a counterclockwise direction): Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces.

CANADA: Charles III, 2022-, AR 30 dollars, 2024, KM-3456, Signs of the Zodiac - Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee, contains 2.015 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. Enhanced with selective color, the reverse design is an engraved celestial illustration of the Sun and Moon surrounded by the 12 signs of the Zodiac. Inspired by classical Greek sculpture, the figures representing each sign on the outer circle are paired with their corresponding glyph in the second band, which is set against a colorful night sky, and these are numbered based on their zodiacal order (beginning at the top and moving in a counterclockwise direction): Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces.

CANADA: Charles III, 2022-, AR 30 dollars, 2024, KM-3457, Weather Watch - Bison - Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee, contains 2.015 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. Designed by artist Susanna Blunt, the coin’s reverse features an engraved rendering of Weather Watch – Bison by Canadian artist Robert Bateman. Shown in side-profile, a bison (Bison bison) remains alert while calmly resting on a sandy bank in the open grasslands.As per the artist Robert Bateman, "This piece began as a demonstration in front of a master class of wildlife artists in Wyoming. I wanted to show them the evolution of a painting from concept to finish starting with a gessoed masonite board. The most important part of the process is the struggling with the thinking and decisions. I played around with bold brush strokes, sketching on the blank board in front of the class, talking out loud and changing my mind many times. Theominous clouds and dark sky were not in the original scene but I needed them to bring out the blond highlights on the animal's fur. Of course I did not have time to finish it in the limited class time. That was done in succeeding weeks in the studio."

CANADA: Charles III, 2022-, AR 30 dollars, 2024, KM-3505, Multifaceted Animal Family - Timber Wolves, contains 2.015 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. Designed by artist Steven Rosati, the reverse catches a timber wolf (Canis lupus) family in a relaxed moment outside of their den, as a mother watches over her three playful pups. Set in a traditionally engraved forest landscape, each timber wolf is rendered in a multifaceted, geometric art style that produces a more multidimensional form.

CANADA: Charles III, 2022-, AR 5 cents, 2024, KM-, Master's Club Release - Pattern 5 Cent Design, contains 2.015 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe wooden case of issue, Proof. The Wheat 5-cent coin is the second in the RCM’s new Lost Designs from the Archives series, which brings to life unused coin concepts submitted in a 1936 design competition for the Canadian coin series of 1937. This example was a classic design by Emanuel Hahn. Hahn (1881 to 1957) created the designs for the Voyageur and 1939 Royal Visit silver dollars, the "caribou" 25-cent piece and the Bluenose 10-cent coin, and his proposed "trillium" cent was featured on the first coin in the Lost Designs’ series.

CANADA: Charles III, 2022-, AR 100 dollars, 2025, KM-3563, Gleaming Maple Leaves - 10 troy ounces of pure silver, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe case of issue, Proof. The reverse features an overlapping arrangement of three silver maple (Acer saccharinum) leaves brought to life by multifaceted engraving, with precisely angled lines rising and falling within each leaf shape, like multiple mirrors working to reflect brilliant light in different directions. The top leaf is further enhanced with rose gold plating, which also adds color to the rim on both sides of the coin.

CANADA: Charles III, 2022-, AR 5 cents, 2025, KM-3537, the 50th Anniversary of North American Beaver (Castor canadensis) as an Official Symbol of Canada, contains 3.557 troy ounces of pure silver, mintage of only 1,650, scarce, with COA and original Royal Canadian Mint case of issue, Proof. The coin’s reverse is an innovative multidimensional rendering of Canada’s five-cent circulation coin design by G. E. Kruger Gray. The words "5 CENTS" and "CANADA" are engraved on the reverse’s top plate surface, and at the center, the iconic beaver is surrounded by cut-outs revealing the landscape elements (clouds and water) and the year ("2025") engraved on the interior surface.

CANADA: 5-coin silver proof set, 2016, Geometry in Art Series, set of silver 20 dollar coins, including Polar Bear and Cub, Loon, Caribou, Beaver, and Maple Leaf, set contains a total of 5 troy ounces of pure silver, all with COAs and set in original Royal Canadian Mint deluxe wooden case of issue, set of 5 coins, Proof. The 2016 Royal Canadian Mint "Geometry in Art" series features five $20, 1 tory ounce 99.99% pure silver coins using low-poly, geometric, and artistic techniques to reimagine Canadian icons. A lovely designed set with colorized elements!

CHILE: Republic, AR decimo, 1856-So, KM-124, condor with spread wings, some hairlines, light rainbow toning, XF-AU.

COLOMBIA: Nueva Granada, AR 8 reales, Bogota, 1842, KM-98, Restrepo-194.7, assayer RS, toned, PCGS graded VF30.

COSTA RICA: Republic, AR 25 centavos, 1893-HEATON, KM-130, coin alignment, lightly toned, NGC graded AU55.

COSTA RICA: Republic, AR colón, 1923, KM-165, countermark type IX on 1917 AR 50 centimos, host assayer GCR, light hairlines, AU, ex Freeman Craig.

COSTA RICA: Republic, AR colón, 1923, KM-164, countermark type IX on 1902 AR 50 centimos, host assayer CY, light hairlines on obverse, XF.

COSTA RICA: Republic, AR colón, 1923, KM-164, countermark type IX on 1903 AR 50 centimos, host assayer JCV, lightly cleaned, traces of original luster, Choice XF.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: AR franco, 1891-A, KM-11, one-year type, faint hairlines, a few light scratches, lightly lustrous with some iridescent toning, AU.

GREENLAND: Thule-Kap York, 5 øre token, 1910, KM-Tn5.1, a fantastic example, PCGS graded MS66. Tied for finest known (Top Pop) at PCGS.

GUATEMALA: Carlos III, 1759-1788, AR real, 1772-G, KM-33.1, assayer P, toned, rare type, NGC graded F15.

HAITI: Republic, AR 25 centimes, AN 24 (1827), KM-18.1, nice blue and pink tone, PCGS graded AU53.

MEXICO: Felipe V, 1700-1746, AR 4 reales, 1738-Mo, KM-94, assayer MF, Pillar type, minimal oxidation from saltwater immersion, VF.

MEXICO: Carlos IV, 1788-1808, AR 8 reales, 1804-Mo, KM-109, assayer TH, lightly cleaned, NGC graded XF details.

MEXICO: Fernando VII, 1808-1821, AR 8 reales, 1820-Mo, KM-111, assayer JJ, with an additional left-facing laureate bust carved into the obverse right field, lightly polished, VF. These pieces seem to have been unofficially modified as love tokens or as a political statement. See Gurney (pp. 179-182) for similar examples.

MEXICO: Augustin I Iturbide, AR medal (16.51g), 1822, Grove-9a, 34mm silver medal on the Inauguaration of Augustin I Iturbide by F. C., "INAUGURACION / DE AUGUSTIN. / PRIMER EMPERADOR / DE MEXICO. / JULIO 21 DE 1822" with star above, all within laurel and palm wreath // crowned eagle standing on cactus plant growing from rock, weak centers, lightly cleaned, engrailed edge, VF.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.58g), Durango, 1825-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do02, assayer RL, period in REPUBLICA.MEXICANA, no period at end of MEXICANA, cactus pad pattern 5/3/2, raised bump on eagle's talon, scarce date/assayer, reverse field scratches, lightly cleaned, obverse rim scratched, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.41g), Durango, 1825-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do02, assayer RL, period in REPUBLICA.MEXICANA, no period at end of MEXICANA, some small obverse corrosion spots, small edge defect at 12:00, small scratches on cap, lightly cleaned, scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.81g), Durango, 1825-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do02, assayer RL, no periods in obverse legend, 32 rays, cactus pad pattern 6/3/2, small reverse edge defect, lightly cleaned, scarce date/assayer, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (24.87g), Durango, 1825-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do02, assayer RL, period between REPUBLICA and MEXICANA, no period after MEXICANA, eagle #3, 32 rays, cactus pad pattern 5/3/2, lightly cleaned, interesting low flan weight, scarce date/assayer, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.69g), Durango, 1825-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do02, assayer RL, period at end of obverse legend, 32 rays, cactus pad pattern 6/3/2, lightly cleaned, has mostly retoned, fine cleaning scratches, scarce date/assayer, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.68g), Mexico City, 1825-Mo, KM-377.10, D&P-Mo04, assayer JM, lightly cleaned, first A in MEXICANA over another letter, popular date, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. The consignor notes that this punching error is rare and unlisted in D&P.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.91g), Mexico City, 1825-Mo, KM-377.10, D&P-Mo04, assayer JM, lightly cleaned, just starting to retone, faint scratches on cap, popular date, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.54g), 1826-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go04, assayer JJ, full J's, die style of 1825-26, eagle is a raptor, weak obverse rim, a few light reverse scratches, very scarce date, VG-F, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.76g), Durango, 1828-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do05, assayer RL, 32 rays, cactus pad pattern 6/3/2, scarce date/assayer, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.65g), 1828-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go09, assayer MJ/J, die style of 1828-29, straight J, J/J with much separation, "110" Ds, very unusual error legend, tiny reverse flan flaw, standard matrix (32 rays), somewhat scarce date/assayer per D&P, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. This variety appears to be unpublished and no other specimens are on CoinArchives.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.09g), Durango, 1828-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do05, assayer RL, 32 rays, cactus pad pattern 6/3/2, small scratch on eagle, weak rims, scarce date/assayer, Fine, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.72g), Durango, 1828-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do05, assayer RL, 32 rays, cactus pad pattern 6/3/2, a few light obverse scratches, weak reverse rim, deeply toned, scarce date/assayer, Fine, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (25.96g), San Luis Potosi, 1828-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi03, assayer JS, very scarce to rare date/assayer, Good to VG, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.67g), 1829-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go10, assayer MJ, die style of 1829-30, better of the two die styles, standard matrix (32 rays), small pit between A and N of MEXICANA, some hairlines, also some luster, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.73g), San Luis Potosi, 1829-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi04, assayer JS, lightly cleaned, starting to retone, weak eagle center, small edge defect, scarce date/assayer, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.90g), San Luis Potosi, 1829-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi04, assayer JS, uneven obverse strike, scarce date/assayer, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.77g), San Luis Potosi, 1829-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi04, assayer JS, revised extended tail (rare, not in D&P), weak centers, scarce date/assayer, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.72g), San Luis Potosi, 1829-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi04, assayer JS, toned, somewhat weak centers, revised extended tail (rare, not in D&P), scarce date/assayer, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.64g), San Luis Potosi, 1829-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi04, assayer JS, soft center eagle, unusually high J, cud on ray 27, scarce date/assayer, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.86g), San Luis Potosi, 1829-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi04, assayer JS, squared base on eagle's tail, deep tone, scarce date/assayer, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. Only one example of this variant has been seen by the consignor with tail cut 35-40 degrees to the axis.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.78g), 1829-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go10, assayer MJ, die style of 1829-30, better of the two die styles, standard matrix (32 rays), reverse rotated about 45 degrees, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.70g), 1829-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go11, assayer MJ, die style of 1829-30, non-radial flow, obverse toning streak, a bit of obverse marginal oxidation, better grade than usually encountered, Choice XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.78g), Durango, 1830-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do07, assayer RM, die style of 1830-32, standard rays and cactus, some scratches, light porosity, cleaned, scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.74g), San Luis Potosi, 1830-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi05, assayer JS, possible weak extra S superscript on other side of D in obverse legend (rare variant), obverse rim nick, weak eagle center, scarce date/assayer, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (25.45g), 1831-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do08, assayer RM, underweight (mint fraud), B on eagle's claw, lightly cleaned, scarce date, Choice XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.84g), 1831-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go12, assayer MJ, variety with straight J, three periods after date, a few small reverse scratches, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.89g), 1831-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go12, assayer MJ, variety with straight J, three periods after date, perhaps lightly cleaned, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.86g), 1831-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do08, assayer RM, lightly cleaned, scarce date, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.88g), San Luis Potosi, 1831-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi06, assayer JS, somewhat uneven tone, light reverse graffiti, narrow date, scarce date/assayer, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.80g), San Luis Potosi, 1831-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi06, assayer JS, cap slightly weak, a few faint scratches on eagle, narrow date, scarce date/assayer, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.38g), 1831-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go12, assayer MJ, variety with straight J, two stars and 1 period after date, toned, standard 32-ray matrix, standard cactus, light reverse graffiti, some obverse oxidation, scarce and popular variety, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. It has been suggested that the two stars might indicate a Masonic connection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.61g), San Luis Potosi, 1831-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi06, assayer JS, narrow date, somewhat weak centers, scarce date/assayer, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.83g), San Luis Potosi, 1832-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi07, assayer JS, lightly cleaned, somewhat scarce date/assayer, XF-AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.81g), 1832-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go13, assayer MJ, standard cactus and 32-ray matrix, irregular edge, somewhat uneven toning, small obverse rim nick, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.71g), 1832-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go13, assayer MJ, unusual edge, Gs/s in reverse legend, lightly toned, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.22g), 1832-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go13, assayer MJ, variety with 1 over inverted 1 in date, 10/0 and Gs/s in reverse legend, edge reverses direction, very scarce variety, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. The only example of this variety on CoinArchives is the host of a Philippine countermarked piece.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.94g), San Luis Potosi, 1832-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi07, assayer JS, small edge defect, toned, somewhat scarce date/assayer, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.94g), San Luis Potosi, 1832-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi07, assayer JS, ray 27 connected to P of mintmark, somewhat scarce date/assayer, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.71g), 1832-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go13, assayer MJ, die break from eagle's right talon up into wing, lightly toned, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.43g), 1832-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do09, assayer RM/L, "European Dies" (style of 1832-42), die clash showing on obverse, a few small rim nicks, deeply toned, a bit scarce, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.97g), Guadalajara, 1832-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga10, assayer FS, a few faint scratches on cap, tiny reverse rim nick, scarce date/assayer, medal alignment, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.77g), San Luis Potosi, 1833-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi08, assayer JS, small letters, very lightly cleaned, edge reverses, somewhat scarce date/assayer, XF-AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. According to the consignor, this piece has a low specific gravity indicating a silver fineness of about .830. This could be an unintentional error or possible mint fraud.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.81g), 1833-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go14, assayer MJ, three dots after date, tiny second 3 in date, straight J, reddish blotches in reverse field, irregular edge, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.98g), San Luis Potosi, 1833-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi08, assayer JS, small letters, filed area at top of reverse, edge defect at top of obverse, some flattening of eagle, somewhat scarce date/assayer, XF-AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.04g), 1833/2-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do10, assayer RM/L, clear overdate, diecracks on both sides, some luster, a bit scarce, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.92g), Guadalajara, 1833-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga11, assayer FS, weak eagle center, lightly cleaned, scarce date/assayer, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (25.93g), 1833/2-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do11, assayer RM/L, porous with edge defect (defective planchet), somewhat scarce, crested eagle, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.86g), Guadalajara, 1833-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga11, assayer FS, weak eagle center, lightly toned, scarce date/assayer, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.69g), Guadalajara, 1833/2-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga11, assayer FS, weak eagle center, scarce date/assayer, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (25.57g), 1833-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do10, assayer RM/L, uneven deep tone, a bit scarce, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. The normal date, such as this piece, is scarcer than the overdate according to D&P.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.70g), San Luis Potosi, 1833-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi08, assayer JS, small letters, weak centers, somewhat scarce date/assayer, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.82g), San Luis Potosi, 1833-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi08, assayer JS, small letters, a few light reverse scratches, somewhat scarce date/assayer, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.88g), San Luis Potosi, 1834-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi09, assayer JS, minor reverse spots, probably lightly cleaned at some time, light tone, long-tailed eagle, somewhat scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.94g), Guadalajara, 1834-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga12, assayer FS, weak centers, scarce date/assayer, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.83g), San Luis Potosi, 1834-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi09, assayer JS, "broken nose" eagle (repaired beak, rare variant), a couple obverse scratches, toning blotches, somewhat scarce date/assayer, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.94g), Guadalajara, 1834-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga12, assayer FS, weak eagle center, lightly cleaned, scarce date/assayer, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.68g), 1834/3-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do11, assayer RM, overdate certain, crested raptor, a few light scratches, somewhat scarce, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. The specific gravity on this piece is 10.4, indicating a significant gold content in the alloy.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.79g), San Luis Potosi, 1834-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi09, assayer JS, somewhat weak centers, lightly cleaned, long-tailed eagle, somewhat scarce date/assayer, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.57g), San Luis Potosi, 1834-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi09, assayer JS, weak center eagle and obverse rim, 8/8 in date, somewhat scarce date/assayer, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.68g), San Luis Potosi, 1834/3-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi09, assayer JS, somewhat weak centers, very rare overdate, Fine, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.32g), San Luis Potosi, 1834/3-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi09, assayer JS, reverse rim nick, somewhat weak rims, very rare overdate, VG-F, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.85g), San Luis Potosi, 1835-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi10, assayer JS, denomination without superscript S over 8R (scarce variety), variety with long-tailed eagle (scarce variety), toned, medal alignment, somewhat scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.86g), San Luis Potosi, 1835-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi10, assayer JS, denomination with superscript S over 8R, variety with bobtailed eagle, somewhat uneven tone, medal alignment, somewhat scarce date/assayer, Choice XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.95g), San Luis Potosi, 1835-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi10, assayer JS, superscript S over 8R, variety with long-tailed eagle (transitional coin), the most scarce combination, medal alignment, scratches on eagle, somewhat scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.93g), Guadalajara, 1835-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga13, assayer FS, small obverse rim nick, weak reverse rim, scarce date/assayer, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (28.75g), Guadalajara, 1835-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga13, assayer FS, weak eagle center, toned, scarce date/assayer, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.93g), Guadalajara, 1835-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga13, assayer FS, lightly cleaned, weak centers, scarce date/assayer, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.70g), Guadalajara, 1835-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga13, assayer FS, weak eagle center, some small rim nicks, toned, scarce date/assayer, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.17g), San Luis Potosi, 1835-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi10, assayer JS, double struck, rotated in collar, denomination without superscript S over 8R (scarce variety), variety with long-tailed eagle (scarce variety), a few very light obverse scratches, medal alignment, somewhat scarce date/assayer, rare combination, Fine, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.28g), San Luis Potosi, 1835/4-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi10, assayer JS, overdate certain, superscript S over 8R, bobtail eagle, tiny obverse scratch, medal alignment, somewhat scarce date/assayer, rare overdate, VG-F, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. The only example of this overdate we were able to find online was in an old Heritage Auction group lot from 2018.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.44g), 1835/3/1-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do12, assayer RM/L, overdate certain, non-crested raptor, obverse scratches, reverse planchet flaw, toned, somewhat scarce date, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.23g), 1835/4-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do12, assayer RM/L, overdate certain, crested raptor, light residue, a few small rim nicks, small reverse scratch, scarce variety, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.02g), San Luis Potosi, 1836-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi11, assayer JS, notched wing, dies a bit rough, deeply toned, medal alignment, somewhat scarce date/assayer, XF-AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.93g), San Luis Potosi, 1836-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi11, assayer JS, no notch on wing, bobtailed eagle, repaired B, medal alignment, somewhat scarce date/assayer, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.82g), San Luis Potosi, 1836-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi11, assayer JS, notched wing, very light scratches on cap, lightly cleaned, medal alignment, somewhat scarce date/assayer, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.95g), San Luis Potosi, 1836-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi11, assayer JS, notched wing, bobtailed eagle, medal alignment, somewhat scarce date/assayer, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.25g), Guanajuato, 1838-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go20, assayer PJ, high 8 in date, clashed dies on reverse, lightly cleaned, a few reverse contact marks, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.08g), Guanajuato, 1838-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go20, assayer PJ, perhaps lightly cleaned, well struck, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.85g), Guanajuato, 1838-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go20, assayer PJ, high 8 in date, clashed dies on reverse, a few reverse contact marks, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.94g), Guanajuato, 1838-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go20, assayer PJ, lightly cleaned, well struck, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.89g), San Luis Potosi, 1839-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi14, assayer JS, long-tailed eagle, 8/8 in date, lightly toned, centers a bit weak, scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.58g), Guanajuato, 1839/8-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go21, assayer PJ, lightly cleaned, but has retoned nicely, clashed dies on obverse, very rare overdate, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.95g), San Luis Potosi, 1839-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi14, assayer JS, long-tailed eagle, 8/8 in date, unevenly toned, lightly cleaned, scarce date/assayer, Choice XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales, 1839-Zs, KM-377.13, assayer OM, toned in the rays, unevenly struck, slightly off-center, VF-XF.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.98g), 1839/1-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do16, assayer RM, hub-doubled obverse die, crested raptor, toned, somewhat scarce, Fine, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.62g), San Luis Potosi, 1837-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi12, assayer JS, long-tailed eagle, somewhat scarce date/assayer, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.03g), Guanajuato, 1840/30-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go22, assayer PJ, a few reverse contact marks, reverse toning blotch, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.76g), San Luis Potosi, 1840-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi15, assayer JS, new 1840 eagle with different matrix (unlisted in D&P) and cap of 1838, rare mule, lightly cleaned, light scratches, scarce date/assayer, Choice XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.10g), San Luis Potosi, 1840-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi15, assayer JS, new 1840 eagle with standard ray matrix, lightly cleaned, but is retoning nicely, scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.92g), Guadalajara, 1840-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga20, assayer MC, lightly cleaned, scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. Some of the setting dots were not polished off the reverse die.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.83g), San Luis Potosi, 1840-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi15, assayer JS, new 1840 eagle with standard ray matrix, lightly cleaned, but has retoned, scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.05g), San Luis Potosi, 1840-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi15, assayer JS, new 1840 eagle with standard ray matrix, lightly cleaned, obverse toning streak, scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.35g), Guanajuato, 1840/30-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go22, assayer PJ, deep tone, a few flan striations on obverse, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.89g), Guanajuato, 1840/30-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go22, assayer PJ, reverse rim bump, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.06g), Guanajuato, 1840/30-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go22, assayer PJ, perhaps very lightly cleaned, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.90g), San Luis Potosi, 1840-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi15, assayer JS, new 1840 eagle with standard ray matrix, obverse rim nick, uneven toning, scarce date/assayer, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.89g), San Luis Potosi, 1840-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi15, assayer JS, new 1840 eagle with standard ray matrix, lightly cleaned, scarce date/assayer, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.81g), Guanajuato, 1840/30-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go22, assayer PJ, lightly cleaned, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.54g), Guanajuato, 1840/30-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go22, assayer PJ, clashed dies on obverse, small flan flaw on reverse, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.56g), Guanajuato, 1840/30-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go22, assayer PJ, clashed dies on obverse, toned, great strike and eye appeal, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.00g), Guanajuato, 1840/30-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go22, assayer PJ, a few contact marks and light scratches on obverse, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.99g), 1840-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do17, assayer RM, die breaks on cap, non-crested raptor, somewhat scarce date, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.30g), 1840/39/1-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do17, assayer RM/L, major die cracks on reverse, crested raptor, clashed dies with rays around eagle, obverse rim nick. perhaps lightly cleaned, well struck for these, scarce overdate, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.34g), 1840/39/1-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do17, assayer RM, o/o in mintmark, major die cracks on both sides, reverse is 15-20 degrees rotated, edge design reverses, well struck for these, scarce overdate, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (28.15g), 1840/39/1-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do17, assayer RM, major die cracks on both sides, terminal state eagle, reverse rim nick, well struck for these, scarce overdate, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.79g), San Luis Potosi, 1841-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi16, assayer JS, normal eagle, ray matrix pattern #2, short ray 26 after star, a few tiny reverse scratches, small pit on cap, centers a bit weak, scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.77g), Guanajuato, 1841-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go23, assayer PJ, several numbers and letters double-punched in date legend, lightly toned, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.82g), Guanajuato, 1841-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go23, assayer PJ, 4/4 in date, reverse adjustment marks, nicely toned, XF-AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.82g), Guanajuato, 1841-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go23, assayer PJ, several numbers and letters double-punched in date legend, lightly cleaned, but has retoned very nicely, XF-AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.87g), Chihuahua, 1841-Ca, KM-377.2, D&P-Ca12, assayer RG, somewhat grainy appearance, somewhat weak margins, subvariety with sunburst die clash on eagle side, very scarce date/assayer, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.86g), San Luis Potosi, 1841-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi16, assayer JS, normal eagle, ray matrix pattern #1, long ray 25 after star, light reverse scratches, small obverse rim nick, toned, scarce date/assayer, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.03g), Guanajuato, 1841-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go23, assayer PJ, several numbers and letters double-punched in date legend, perhaps lightly cleaned, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.88g), San Luis Potosi, 1841-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi16, assayer JS, normal eagle, ray matrix pattern #1, long ray 25 after star, weak eagle center, scarce date/assayer, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.94g), Zacatecas, 1842-Zs, KM-377.13, D&P-Zs22, assayer OM, die style of 1825-42 with rounded tail, slight oxidation in recesses, medal alignment, rare variety, XF-AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.10g), Zacatecas, 1842-Zs, KM-377.13, D&P-Zs22, assayer OM, die style of 1825-42 with rounded tail, somewhat irregular flan, some adjustment marks on cap, soft eagle center, medal alignment, rare variety, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.85g), Zacatecas, 1842-Zs, KM-377.13, D&P-Zs22, assayer OM, die style of 1825-42 with rounded tail, somewhat irregular flan, lightly cleaned, retoning somewhat unevenly, some weakness in the margins, soft eagle center, X/M in reverse legend, unlisted in D&P, medal alignment, very rare variety, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.87g), Zacatecas, 1842-Zs, KM-377.13, D&P-Zs22, assayer OM, die style of 1825-42 with rounded tail, C in REPUBLICA over another letter (G? unlisted in D&P), somewhat weak centers, light reverse adjustment marks, toned, rare variety, Crude XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.05g), Zacatecas, 1842-Zs, KM-377.13, D&P-Zs22, assayer OM, die style of 1825-42 with rounded tail, soft centers and reverse margins, middle part of snake missing, retained piece from flan cutting struck through, tiny punchmark on both centers, reverse flan flaw, small obverse scratch, medal alignment, rare variety, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.78g), Zacatecas, 1842-Zs, KM-377.13, D&P-Zs22, assayer OM, die style of 1842-45 with square tail, weak centers, reverse planchet flaw, attractive light tone, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.87g), San Luis Potosi, 1842-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi17, assayer JS, ray matrix pattern #1 (star above long ray 25), light reverse graffiti, scarce date/assayer (scarcer than PS assayer), XF-AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.08g), Zacatecas, 1842-Zs, KM-377.13, D&P-Zs22, assayer OM, die style of 1842-45 with square tail, cleaned, 2 in date may be over another digit, both C's rotated, XF-AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.83g), San Luis Potosi, 1842-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi17, assayer JS, ray matrix pattern #2 (star below short ray 26), light oxidation, lightly cleaned, retoning, oblong flan, scarce date/assayer (scarcer than PS assayer), XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. The I superscript on the mintmark is very high.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.16g), Zacatecas, 1842-Zs, KM-377.13, D&P-Zs22, assayer OM, die style of 1842-45 with square tail, somewhat uneven strike due to variable flan thickness (end of strip), VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.85g), Zacatecas, 1842-Zs, KM-377.13, D&P-Zs22, assayer OM, die style of 1825-42 with rounded tail, C/C in REPUBLICA, somewhat crude, edge reverses with doubling, standard cactus pads, rare variety, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (28.69g), Chihuahua, 1842-Ca, KM-377.2, D&P-Ca13, assayer RG, flan defect, overweight, scarce date/assayer, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.58g), Zacatecas, 1842-Zs, KM-377.13, D&P-Zs22, assayer OM, die style of 1825-42 with rounded tail, EX of MEXICANA over IC, unlisted in D&P, a couple small reverse edge defects, very rare variety, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.96g), Zacatecas, 1842-Zs, KM-377.13, D&P-Zs22, assayer OM, die style of 1825-42 with rounded tail, crude rims, medal alignment, rare variety, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.05g), San Luis Potosi, 1843-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi20, assayer AM, lightly toned, scarce date/assayer, Choice XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.12g), Guanajuato, 1843-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go26, assayer PM, die style of 1843-1848 (eagle and snake #2), coin alignment, toned, variety with one dot after date, Choice XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.83g), Guadalajara, 1843-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga24, assayer MC/JG, couple small obverse scratches, small edge defect, deeply toned, very scarce date/overassayer, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.02g), Guanajuato, 1844-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go27, assayer PM, eagle #4 (short beak, type of 1845), cap #3 (center ray), snake #2 (open mouth with tongue), lightly cleaned, starting to retone peripherally, still lustrous and attractive, AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.88g), San Luis Potosi, 1844-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi21, assayer AM, double struck, lightly cleaned, has retoned, scarce date/assayer, XF-AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.96g), Guanajuato, 1844-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go27, assayer PM, eagle #4 (short beak, type of 1845), cap #3 (center ray), snake #2 (open mouth with tongue), reverse dig, light tone, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.91g), Guanajuato, 1844-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go27, assayer PM, eagle #4 (short beak, type of 1845), cap #3 (center ray), snake #2 (open mouth with tongue), a few reverse digs and contact marks, toned, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.95g), Guanajuato, 1845-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go28, assayer PM, tiny obverse rim nick, obverse toning streak, nicely toned, low 5 and wide date, cap #3, eagle body #4, eagle head #5 but with long lower beak, the revised engraved head, XF-AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.84g), Guanajuato, 1845-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go28, assayer PM, rare single die variety with cap of 1845, eagle is a revised engraving altering the standard #4 eagle, toning blotch on reverse, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.93g), Mexico City, 1845-Mo, KM-377.10, D&P-Mo29, assayer MF, reverse rim nick, small edge defect, a few reverse contact marks, nicely toned, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.04g), San Luis Potosi, 1845-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi22, assayer AM, medal alignment, small flan, toned, scarce date/assayer, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.86g), San Luis Potosi, 1845-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi22, assayer AM, medal alignment, small flan, lightly cleaned, starting to retone, unknown countermark: "(wheel) B (wheel) E (wheel)" between rays, unlisted in Brunk, scarce date/assayer, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.86g), Guanajuato, 1845-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go28, assayer PM, low 5 and wide date, cap #2 from 1844, eagle #4 from 1845, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.03g), Guanajuato, 1846-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go29, assayer PM, cap of 1844, eagle of 1847, very lightly cleaned, but with light reverse album toning, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Maximiliano, 1864-1867, AR peso, Mexico City, 1866-Mo, KM-388.1, lightly cleaned, two-year type, XF.

MEXICO: Maximiliano, 1864-1867, AR peso, Mexico City, 1867-Mo, KM-388.1, harshly cleaned, key date of the two-year type, VF-XF.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.88g), 1876-Zs, KM-377.13, assayer JS, relatively well struck for this notoriously weakly struck scarce date/mintmark/assayer, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales, 1891-Mo, KM-377.10, assayer AM, lightly cleaned, brilliant luster, PCGS graded Unc details.

MEXICO: Revolutionary Issue, AE 2 centavos, Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua, 1913, KM-607, a lovely nearly mint state example, PCGS graded AU58, ex Richard A. Long. The trolley wire of the Parral-Santa Barbara Railway Company was used to make this issue per "The Coinage of the Mexican Revolutionists" by Howland Wood, 1928.

MEXICO: Revolutionary Issue, brass 5 centavos, Durango, 1914, KM-631A, GB-119, scarce variety, N in Durango retrograde, issued under Pancho Villa, corrosion removed, PCGS graded VF details, ex The 1914 Collection.

MEXICO: Revolutionary Issue, EL peso (12.93g), Guerrero, 1914-Gro, KM-641, rays around liberty cap, all within wreath, GRO (mintmark) and ORO: 0.300 (actual gold weight in grams) above, VF.

MEXICO: Revolutionary Issue, AE centavo (28.83g), Sinaloa, 1914-Mo, KM-769, sand-cast silver necessity issue using a 1905-Cn Cap & Ray peso (assayer RP) for a mold, with usual adjustment scratches, a fantastic example with legible mint and date, NGC graded Genuine, Fine, ex Richard Long Auction 53 (June 1988), ex The 1914 Collection. Accompanied by NGC tag, without encapsulation as normal.

MEXICO: Revolutionary Issue, AE 5 centavos, Chihuahua, 1915, KM-613, double struck mint error, lustrous and chocolate brown, a fascinating piece! NGC graded MS63 BN.

PERU: Republic, AR 8 reales, Lima, 1836, KM-142.3, assayer MT, cleaned, PCGS graded AU details.

PERU: Republic, AR dinero, Cuzco, 1886, KM-190a, initials JM, somewhat crude, light obverse tone, one-year type, XF.

PERU: Republic, AR dinero, 1900/890, KM-204.2, assayer JF, overdate certain, nice peripheral toning, a lovely example! NGC graded MS66.

PERU: Republic, AR 1/2 dinero, 1903/893, KM-206.2, assayer JF, overdate not noted on label, a lovely example! NGC graded MS65.

PERU: Republic, AR 1/5 sol, 1916, KM-205.2, assayer FG, pleasing light peripheral tone, NGC graded MS64+.

PUERTO RICO: 5 centavos token, ND (1895), GH-406, Rulau-May 2, N-524629, Mayagüez, Adjuntas, Ferreteria El Canon, struck in copper-nickel by the Scovill Manufacturing Company, Waterbury, Connecticut, a superb mint state example! MS65. A very rare and unusual token, minted by Scovill Manufacturing Company circa 1895 for the hardware store Ferretería el Cañon, which was located on Rodolfo Gonzalez Street in Adjuntas, Puerto Rico.

TORTOLA: AE black dogg (1½ pence), ND (1792-1811), KM-11, Prid-19var, counterstamped Cayenne 2 sous with an incuse capital "H" within a diamond or square on worn host, so-called "Hodge Dogg", VG, ex Glendining & Co., September 21-22, 1981 Sale, Maj. Fred S. Pridmore, Part I, Lots 203-206 (part), ex Major F. Pridmore Collection. See article published by Bob Lyall in Spink's Numismatic Circular, October 1983, pp. 267-268, "A Hoard of Tortola Black Dogs," and at that time extended to 340 coins. The hoard comprised the coins that were "called in" in 1889 and subsequently sold. The 'host' coins are for the most part well-worn, or even counterfeit, French colonial Cayenne 2 sous, that have been counterstamped with either a capital "T" [for Tortola] or with an "H" inset within a diamond - the so-called "Hodge Doggs", believed issued by the despotic plantation owner Arthur William Hodge (1763-1811) or possibly Bezaliel Hodge who, whilst he owned 20 plantations had, however, died before 1798. Arthur William Hodge was a member of the Executive Council and Legislative Assembly on Tortola and slave owner, who was hanged on May 8, 1811, having been found guilty of the murder of one of his slaves. It is believed he was the only British West Indian slave owner to be executed for the murder of a slave. Many from the hoard were contemporary forgeries, mostly struck on genuine Cayenne 2 sous from forged punches; others, however, were struck from forged punches on false hosts. As the genuine counterstamped coins and forgeries circulated freely along-side each other all should be considered an important part of the numismatic history of Tortola without discrimination.

TORTOLA: AE black dogg (1½ pence), ND (1792-1811), KM-11, Prid-19var, counterstamped Cayenne 2 sous with an incuse capital "H" within a diamond or square on worn host, so-called "Hodge Dogg", VG, ex Glendining & Co., September 21-22, 1981 Sale, Maj. Fred S. Pridmore, Part I, Lots 203-206 (part), ex Major F. Pridmore Collection. See article published by Bob Lyall in Spink's Numismatic Circular, October 1983, pp. 267-268, "A Hoard of Tortola Black Dogs," and at that time extended to 340 coins. The hoard comprised the coins that were "called in" in 1889 and subsequently sold. The 'host' coins are for the most part well-worn, or even counterfeit, French colonial Cayenne 2 sous, that have been counterstamped with either a capital "T" [for Tortola] or with an "H" inset within a diamond - the so-called "Hodge Doggs", believed issued by the despotic plantation owner Arthur William Hodge (1763-1811) or possibly Bezaliel Hodge who, whilst he owned 20 plantations had, however, died before 1798. Arthur William Hodge was a member of the Executive Council and Legislative Assembly on Tortola and slave owner, who was hanged on May 8, 1811, having been found guilty of the murder of one of his slaves. It is believed he was the only British West Indian slave owner to be executed for the murder of a slave. Many from the hoard were contemporary forgeries, mostly struck on genuine Cayenne 2 sous from forged punches; others, however, were struck from forged punches on false hosts. As the genuine counterstamped coins and forgeries circulated freely along-side each other all should be considered an important part of the numismatic history of Tortola without discrimination.

TORTOLA: AE black dogg (1½ pence), ND (1792-1811), KM-11, Prid-19var, counterstamped Cayenne 2 sous with an incuse capital "H" within a diamond or square on worn host, so-called "Hodge Dogg", VG, ex Glendining & Co., September 21-22, 1981 Sale, Maj. Fred S. Pridmore, Part I, Lots 203-206 (part), ex Major F. Pridmore Collection. See article published by Bob Lyall in Spink's Numismatic Circular, October 1983, pp. 267-268, "A Hoard of Tortola Black Dogs," and at that time extended to 340 coins. The hoard comprised the coins that were "called in" in 1889 and subsequently sold. The 'host' coins are for the most part well-worn, or even counterfeit, French colonial Cayenne 2 sous, that have been counterstamped with either a capital "T" [for Tortola] or with an "H" inset within a diamond - the so-called "Hodge Doggs", believed issued by the despotic plantation owner Arthur William Hodge (1763-1811) or possibly Bezaliel Hodge who, whilst he owned 20 plantations had, however, died before 1798. Arthur William Hodge was a member of the Executive Council and Legislative Assembly on Tortola and slave owner, who was hanged on May 8, 1811, having been found guilty of the murder of one of his slaves. It is believed he was the only British West Indian slave owner to be executed for the murder of a slave. Many from the hoard were contemporary forgeries, mostly struck on genuine Cayenne 2 sous from forged punches; others, however, were struck from forged punches on false hosts. As the genuine counterstamped coins and forgeries circulated freely along-side each other all should be considered an important part of the numismatic history of Tortola without discrimination.

TORTOLA: AE black dogg (1½ pence), ND (1792-1811), KM-11, Prid-19var, counterstamped Cayenne 2 sous with an incuse capital "H" within a diamond or square on worn host, so-called "Hodge Dogg", VG, ex Glendining & Co., September 21-22, 1981, Maj. Fred S. Pridmore, Part I, Lots 203-206 (part), ex Major F. Pridmore Collection. See article published by Bob Lyall in Spink's Numismatic Circular, October 1983, pp. 267-268, "A Hoard of Tortola Black Dogs," and at that time extended to 340 coins. The hoard comprised the coins that were "called in" in 1889 and subsequently sold. The 'host' coins are for the most part well-worn, or even counterfeit, French colonial Cayenne 2 sous, that have been counterstamped with either a capital "T" [for Tortola] or with an "H" inset within a diamond - the so-called "Hodge Doggs", believed issued by the despotic plantation owner Arthur William Hodge (1763-1811) or possibly Bezaliel Hodge who, whilst he owned 20 plantations had, however, died before 1798. Arthur William Hodge was a member of the Executive Council and Legislative Assembly on Tortola and slave owner, who was hanged on May 8, 1811, having been found guilty of the murder of one of his slaves. It is believed he was the only British West Indian slave owner to be executed for the murder of a slave. Many from the hoard were contemporary forgeries, mostly struck on genuine Cayenne 2 sous from forged punches; others, however, were struck from forged punches on false hosts. As the genuine counterstamped coins and forgeries circulated freely along-side each other all should be considered an important part of the numismatic history of Tortola without discrimination.

TORTOLA: AE black dogg (1½ pence), ND (1792-1811), KM-11, Prid-19var, counterstamped Cayenne 2 sous with an incuse capital "H" within a diamond or square on worn host, so-called "Hodge Dogg", VG, ex Glendining & Co., September 21-22, 1981 Sale, Maj. Fred S. Pridmore, Part I, Lots 203-206 (part), ex Major F. Pridmore Collection. See article published by Bob Lyall in Spink's Numismatic Circular, October 1983, pp. 267-268, "A Hoard of Tortola Black Dogs," and at that time extended to 340 coins. The hoard comprised the coins that were "called in" in 1889 and subsequently sold. The 'host' coins are for the most part well-worn, or even counterfeit, French colonial Cayenne 2 sous, that have been counterstamped with either a capital "T" [for Tortola] or with an "H" inset within a diamond - the so-called "Hodge Doggs", believed issued by the despotic plantation owner Arthur William Hodge (1763-1811) or possibly Bezaliel Hodge who, whilst he owned 20 plantations had, however, died before 1798. Arthur William Hodge was a member of the Executive Council and Legislative Assembly on Tortola and slave owner, who was hanged on May 8, 1811, having been found guilty of the murder of one of his slaves. It is believed he was the only British West Indian slave owner to be executed for the murder of a slave. Many from the hoard were contemporary forgeries, mostly struck on genuine Cayenne 2 sous from forged punches; others, however, were struck from forged punches on false hosts. As the genuine counterstamped coins and forgeries circulated freely along-side each other all should be considered an important part of the numismatic history of Tortola without discrimination.

UNITED NATIONS: AE medal, The United Nations Service Medal for Korea, with original faded ribbon of issue, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. This version of the United Nations Service Medal for Korea was awarded to French personnel serving in the Korean War (1950–1953). The obverse shows the emblem of the United Nations and the reverse has the inscription POUR LA DÉFENSE DES PRINCIPES DE LA CHARTE DES NATIONS UNIES. The French language version was awarded to personnel from Belgium, Canada (French-speaking), France and Luxembourg, The French Battalion earned significant honors for battles like Wonju, Chipyong-ni, and Heartbreak Ridge.

UNITED STATES: AR half dollar, 1842, KM-68, Seated Liberty type with no motto, variety with medium date, light scratches, VF.

UNITED STATES: AE cent, 1853, KM-67, Braided Hair type, PCGS graded AU55, ex Robert A. Rosenfeld Collection.

UNITED STATES: 1 cent, 1858, KM-85, Flying Eagle type, large letters variety, PCGS graded EF45, ex Robert A. Rosenfeld Collection.

UNITED STATES: 1 cent, 1858, KM-85, Flying Eagle type, small letters variety, PCGS graded EF40, ex Robert A. Rosenfeld Collection.

UNITED STATES: AR 1/2 dime, 1861, KM-91, Liberty Seated type, a pleasing mint state example, PCGS graded MS62, ex Robert A. Rosenfeld Collection.

UNITED STATES: 1 cent, 1861, KM-90, Indian Head type, PCGS graded AU50, ex Robert A. Rosenfeld Collection.

UNITED STATES: AE medal, ND (ca. 1862), De Witt-WHH-G3, 34mm copper medal, "MAJ. GEN. W. H. HARRISON / BORN FEB. 9, 1773" around military bust of Harrison to the left // RELIGION OUR SAFEGUARD / TEMPERANCE OUR SHIELD in outer legend around "SABBATH / SCHOOL / JUBILEE / JULY 4 / 1842" at center, struck circa 1862, a lovely lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS63. There is a statement in the 1864 McCoy Sale to the effect that 3 medals each were originally struck in silver, brass, copper nickel, copper and white metal.

UNITED STATES: AR trade dollar, 1874, KM-108, from the wreck of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company ship SS Japan, salt water damage, VF. On February 20, 1865, six weeks before his assassination, President Abraham Lincoln approved a bill to establish the Pacific Mail Steam Ship Company as the conduit to formalize trade with China following the completion of the transcontinental "Pacific Railroad." The four ships commissioned for service between San Francisco, Yokohama and Hong Kong were the SS China, SS Great Republic, SS America, and the SS Japan. Constructed between 1866 to 1868, they were the largest, most impressive sidewheel steamships yet built. On November 18, 1874, the SS Japan departed San Francisco on a routine scheduled voyage to Hong Kong, stopping in Yokohama, with 425 Chinese passengers eager to return home after years of labor in California, each person carrying an average of $300 value in gold coin. Also loaded aboard and stowed away in the ship's treasure tank were 168 boxes with $358,508 in newly minted 1874 trade dollar coins. Around midnight on December 17, 1874, fire broke out in the coal bulkhead located amidships, adjacent to the treasure tank. The fire spread quickly from the coal bulkhead, smoke and flames engulfing the wooden center structures of the SS Japan trapping many aboard. Some managed to jump into the dark violent waters. In about 45 minutes the SS Japan was totally engulfed in flames. When the morning of December 18 dawned, the SS Japan was gone with 151 crew and passengers saved in lifeboats and almost 400 Chinese emigrants lost in the fire, on the raging sea and within the sinking hulk of the great ship. The shocking news of the loss of the SS Japan initiated a search and rescue dispatch of two ships of the US Navy's Asiatic fleet from Hong Kong to the wreck site two days later. They found no survivors but recovered a few Chinese bodies among the burnt flotsam in the ship's debris field. In January 1875, Hong Kong underwriters dispatched a schooner and a steamer under the command of Captain Roberts. He searched the area for 6 months, and finally in July located the wreck of the SS Japan in under 128 feet of water. Salvage operations ceased in 1877 after about 300,000 coins were recovered leaving the remaining 58,000 unrecoverable and considered lost. In 2007, the first of a small number of blackened and salt water damaged coins began to enter the market in Hong Kong discovered by fishermen near the wreck site likely doing 'dragnet fishing' or bottom trawling.

UNITED STATES: AR trade dollar, 1874, KM-108, from the wreck of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company ship SS Japan, salt water damage, VF. On February 20, 1865, six weeks before his assassination, President Abraham Lincoln approved a bill to establish the Pacific Mail Steam Ship Company as the conduit to formalize trade with China following the completion of the transcontinental "Pacific Railroad." The four ships commissioned for service between San Francisco, Yokohama and Hong Kong were the SS China, SS Great Republic, SS America, and the SS Japan. Constructed between 1866 to 1868, they were the largest, most impressive sidewheel steamships yet built. On November 18, 1874, the SS Japan departed San Francisco on a routine scheduled voyage to Hong Kong, stopping in Yokohama, with 425 Chinese passengers eager to return home after years of labor in California, each person carrying an average of $300 value in gold coin. Also loaded aboard and stowed away in the ship's treasure tank were 168 boxes with $358,508 in newly minted 1874 trade dollar coins. Around midnight on December 17, 1874, fire broke out in the coal bulkhead located amidships, adjacent to the treasure tank. The fire spread quickly from the coal bulkhead, smoke and flames engulfing the wooden center structures of the SS Japan trapping many aboard. Some managed to jump into the dark violent waters. In about 45 minutes the SS Japan was totally engulfed in flames. When the morning of December 18 dawned, the SS Japan was gone with 151 crew and passengers saved in lifeboats and almost 400 Chinese emigrants lost in the fire, on the raging sea and within the sinking hulk of the great ship. The shocking news of the loss of the SS Japan initiated a search and rescue dispatch of two ships of the US Navy's Asiatic fleet from Hong Kong to the wreck site two days later. They found no survivors but recovered a few Chinese bodies among the burnt flotsam in the ship's debris field. In January 1875, Hong Kong underwriters dispatched a schooner and a steamer under the command of Captain Roberts. He searched the area for 6 months, and finally in July located the wreck of the SS Japan in under 128 feet of water. Salvage operations ceased in 1877 after about 300,000 coins were recovered leaving the remaining 58,000 unrecoverable and considered lost. In 2007, the first of a small number of blackened and salt water damaged coins began to enter the market in Hong Kong discovered by fishermen near the wreck site likely doing 'dragnet fishing' or bottom trawling.

UNITED STATES: AR trade dollar, 1874, KM-108, from the wreck of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company ship SS Japan, salt water damage, Fine. On February 20, 1865, six weeks before his assassination, President Abraham Lincoln approved a bill to establish the Pacific Mail Steam Ship Company as the conduit to formalize trade with China following the completion of the transcontinental "Pacific Railroad." The four ships commissioned for service between San Francisco, Yokohama and Hong Kong were the SS China, SS Great Republic, SS America, and the SS Japan. Constructed between 1866 to 1868, they were the largest, most impressive sidewheel steamships yet built. On November 18, 1874, the SS Japan departed San Francisco on a routine scheduled voyage to Hong Kong, stopping in Yokohama, with 425 Chinese passengers eager to return home after years of labor in California, each person carrying an average of $300 value in gold coin. Also loaded aboard and stowed away in the ship's treasure tank were 168 boxes with $358,508 in newly minted 1874 trade dollar coins. Around midnight on December 17, 1874, fire broke out in the coal bulkhead located amidships, adjacent to the treasure tank. The fire spread quickly from the coal bulkhead, smoke and flames engulfing the wooden center structures of the SS Japan trapping many aboard. Some managed to jump into the dark violent waters. In about 45 minutes the SS Japan was totally engulfed in flames. When the morning of December 18 dawned, the SS Japan was gone with 151 crew and passengers saved in lifeboats and almost 400 Chinese emigrants lost in the fire, on the raging sea and within the sinking hulk of the great ship. The shocking news of the loss of the SS Japan initiated a search and rescue dispatch of two ships of the US Navy's Asiatic fleet from Hong Kong to the wreck site two days later. They found no survivors but recovered a few Chinese bodies among the burnt flotsam in the ship's debris field. In January 1875, Hong Kong underwriters dispatched a schooner and a steamer under the command of Captain Roberts. He searched the area for 6 months, and finally in July located the wreck of the SS Japan in under 128 feet of water. Salvage operations ceased in 1877 after about 300,000 coins were recovered leaving the remaining 58,000 unrecoverable and considered lost. In 2007, the first of a small number of blackened and salt water damaged coins began to enter the market in Hong Kong discovered by fishermen near the wreck site likely doing 'dragnet fishing' or bottom trawling.

UNITED STATES: AR trade dollar, 1874, KM-108, from the wreck of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company ship SS Japan, salt water damage, Fine. On February 20, 1865, six weeks before his assassination, President Abraham Lincoln approved a bill to establish the Pacific Mail Steam Ship Company as the conduit to formalize trade with China following the completion of the transcontinental "Pacific Railroad." The four ships commissioned for service between San Francisco, Yokohama and Hong Kong were the SS China, SS Great Republic, SS America, and the SS Japan. Constructed between 1866 to 1868, they were the largest, most impressive sidewheel steamships yet built. On November 18, 1874, the SS Japan departed San Francisco on a routine scheduled voyage to Hong Kong, stopping in Yokohama, with 425 Chinese passengers eager to return home after years of labor in California, each person carrying an average of $300 value in gold coin. Also loaded aboard and stowed away in the ship's treasure tank were 168 boxes with $358,508 in newly minted 1874 trade dollar coins. Around midnight on December 17, 1874, fire broke out in the coal bulkhead located amidships, adjacent to the treasure tank. The fire spread quickly from the coal bulkhead, smoke and flames engulfing the wooden center structures of the SS Japan trapping many aboard. Some managed to jump into the dark violent waters. In about 45 minutes the SS Japan was totally engulfed in flames. When the morning of December 18 dawned, the SS Japan was gone with 151 crew and passengers saved in lifeboats and almost 400 Chinese emigrants lost in the fire, on the raging sea and within the sinking hulk of the great ship. The shocking news of the loss of the SS Japan initiated a search and rescue dispatch of two ships of the US Navy's Asiatic fleet from Hong Kong to the wreck site two days later. They found no survivors but recovered a few Chinese bodies among the burnt flotsam in the ship's debris field. In January 1875, Hong Kong underwriters dispatched a schooner and a steamer under the command of Captain Roberts. He searched the area for 6 months, and finally in July located the wreck of the SS Japan in under 128 feet of water. Salvage operations ceased in 1877 after about 300,000 coins were recovered leaving the remaining 58,000 unrecoverable and considered lost. In 2007, the first of a small number of blackened and salt water damaged coins began to enter the market in Hong Kong discovered by fishermen near the wreck site likely doing 'dragnet fishing' or bottom trawling.

UNITED STATES: AR trade dollar, 1874, KM-108, from the wreck of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company ship SS Japan, salt water damage, Fine. On February 20, 1865, six weeks before his assassination, President Abraham Lincoln approved a bill to establish the Pacific Mail Steam Ship Company as the conduit to formalize trade with China following the completion of the transcontinental "Pacific Railroad." The four ships commissioned for service between San Francisco, Yokohama and Hong Kong were the SS China, SS Great Republic, SS America, and the SS Japan. Constructed between 1866 to 1868, they were the largest, most impressive sidewheel steamships yet built. On November 18, 1874, the SS Japan departed San Francisco on a routine scheduled voyage to Hong Kong, stopping in Yokohama, with 425 Chinese passengers eager to return home after years of labor in California, each person carrying an average of $300 value in gold coin. Also loaded aboard and stowed away in the ship's treasure tank were 168 boxes with $358,508 in newly minted 1874 trade dollar coins. Around midnight on December 17, 1874, fire broke out in the coal bulkhead located amidships, adjacent to the treasure tank. The fire spread quickly from the coal bulkhead, smoke and flames engulfing the wooden center structures of the SS Japan trapping many aboard. Some managed to jump into the dark violent waters. In about 45 minutes the SS Japan was totally engulfed in flames. When the morning of December 18 dawned, the SS Japan was gone with 151 crew and passengers saved in lifeboats and almost 400 Chinese emigrants lost in the fire, on the raging sea and within the sinking hulk of the great ship. The shocking news of the loss of the SS Japan initiated a search and rescue dispatch of two ships of the US Navy's Asiatic fleet from Hong Kong to the wreck site two days later. They found no survivors but recovered a few Chinese bodies among the burnt flotsam in the ship's debris field. In January 1875, Hong Kong underwriters dispatched a schooner and a steamer under the command of Captain Roberts. He searched the area for 6 months, and finally in July located the wreck of the SS Japan in under 128 feet of water. Salvage operations ceased in 1877 after about 300,000 coins were recovered leaving the remaining 58,000 unrecoverable and considered lost. In 2007, the first of a small number of blackened and salt water damaged coins began to enter the market in Hong Kong discovered by fishermen near the wreck site likely doing 'dragnet fishing' or bottom trawling.

UNITED STATES: AR trade dollar, 1874, KM-108, from the wreck of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company ship SS Japan, salt water damage, Fine. On February 20, 1865, six weeks before his assassination, President Abraham Lincoln approved a bill to establish the Pacific Mail Steam Ship Company as the conduit to formalize trade with China following the completion of the transcontinental "Pacific Railroad." The four ships commissioned for service between San Francisco, Yokohama and Hong Kong were the SS China, SS Great Republic, SS America, and the SS Japan. Constructed between 1866 to 1868, they were the largest, most impressive sidewheel steamships yet built. On November 18, 1874, the SS Japan departed San Francisco on a routine scheduled voyage to Hong Kong, stopping in Yokohama, with 425 Chinese passengers eager to return home after years of labor in California, each person carrying an average of $300 value in gold coin. Also loaded aboard and stowed away in the ship's treasure tank were 168 boxes with $358,508 in newly minted 1874 trade dollar coins. Around midnight on December 17, 1874, fire broke out in the coal bulkhead located amidships, adjacent to the treasure tank. The fire spread quickly from the coal bulkhead, smoke and flames engulfing the wooden center structures of the SS Japan trapping many aboard. Some managed to jump into the dark violent waters. In about 45 minutes the SS Japan was totally engulfed in flames. When the morning of December 18 dawned, the SS Japan was gone with 151 crew and passengers saved in lifeboats and almost 400 Chinese emigrants lost in the fire, on the raging sea and within the sinking hulk of the great ship. The shocking news of the loss of the SS Japan initiated a search and rescue dispatch of two ships of the US Navy's Asiatic fleet from Hong Kong to the wreck site two days later. They found no survivors but recovered a few Chinese bodies among the burnt flotsam in the ship's debris field. In January 1875, Hong Kong underwriters dispatched a schooner and a steamer under the command of Captain Roberts. He searched the area for 6 months, and finally in July located the wreck of the SS Japan in under 128 feet of water. Salvage operations ceased in 1877 after about 300,000 coins were recovered leaving the remaining 58,000 unrecoverable and considered lost. In 2007, the first of a small number of blackened and salt water damaged coins began to enter the market in Hong Kong discovered by fishermen near the wreck site likely doing 'dragnet fishing' or bottom trawling.

UNITED STATES: AR trade dollar, 1874, KM-108, from the wreck of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company ship SS Japan, salt water damage, VG. On February 20, 1865, six weeks before his assassination, President Abraham Lincoln approved a bill to establish the Pacific Mail Steam Ship Company as the conduit to formalize trade with China following the completion of the transcontinental "Pacific Railroad." The four ships commissioned for service between San Francisco, Yokohama and Hong Kong were the SS China, SS Great Republic, SS America, and the SS Japan. Constructed between 1866 to 1868, they were the largest, most impressive sidewheel steamships yet built. On November 18, 1874, the SS Japan departed San Francisco on a routine scheduled voyage to Hong Kong, stopping in Yokohama, with 425 Chinese passengers eager to return home after years of labor in California, each person carrying an average of $300 value in gold coin. Also loaded aboard and stowed away in the ship's treasure tank were 168 boxes with $358,508 in newly minted 1874 trade dollar coins. Around midnight on December 17, 1874, fire broke out in the coal bulkhead located amidships, adjacent to the treasure tank. The fire spread quickly from the coal bulkhead, smoke and flames engulfing the wooden center structures of the SS Japan trapping many aboard. Some managed to jump into the dark violent waters. In about 45 minutes the SS Japan was totally engulfed in flames. When the morning of December 18 dawned, the SS Japan was gone with 151 crew and passengers saved in lifeboats and almost 400 Chinese emigrants lost in the fire, on the raging sea and within the sinking hulk of the great ship. The shocking news of the loss of the SS Japan initiated a search and rescue dispatch of two ships of the US Navy's Asiatic fleet from Hong Kong to the wreck site two days later. They found no survivors but recovered a few Chinese bodies among the burnt flotsam in the ship's debris field. In January 1875, Hong Kong underwriters dispatched a schooner and a steamer under the command of Captain Roberts. He searched the area for 6 months, and finally in July located the wreck of the SS Japan in under 128 feet of water. Salvage operations ceased in 1877 after about 300,000 coins were recovered leaving the remaining 58,000 unrecoverable and considered lost. In 2007, the first of a small number of blackened and salt water damaged coins began to enter the market in Hong Kong discovered by fishermen near the wreck site likely doing 'dragnet fishing' or bottom trawling.

UNITED STATES: AR trade dollar, 1874, KM-108, from the wreck of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company ship SS Japan, salt water damage, VG. On February 20, 1865, six weeks before his assassination, President Abraham Lincoln approved a bill to establish the Pacific Mail Steam Ship Company as the conduit to formalize trade with China following the completion of the transcontinental "Pacific Railroad." The four ships commissioned for service between San Francisco, Yokohama and Hong Kong were the SS China, SS Great Republic, SS America, and the SS Japan. Constructed between 1866 to 1868, they were the largest, most impressive sidewheel steamships yet built. On November 18, 1874, the SS Japan departed San Francisco on a routine scheduled voyage to Hong Kong, stopping in Yokohama, with 425 Chinese passengers eager to return home after years of labor in California, each person carrying an average of $300 value in gold coin. Also loaded aboard and stowed away in the ship's treasure tank were 168 boxes with $358,508 in newly minted 1874 trade dollar coins. Around midnight on December 17, 1874, fire broke out in the coal bulkhead located amidships, adjacent to the treasure tank. The fire spread quickly from the coal bulkhead, smoke and flames engulfing the wooden center structures of the SS Japan trapping many aboard. Some managed to jump into the dark violent waters. In about 45 minutes the SS Japan was totally engulfed in flames. When the morning of December 18 dawned, the SS Japan was gone with 151 crew and passengers saved in lifeboats and almost 400 Chinese emigrants lost in the fire, on the raging sea and within the sinking hulk of the great ship. The shocking news of the loss of the SS Japan initiated a search and rescue dispatch of two ships of the US Navy's Asiatic fleet from Hong Kong to the wreck site two days later. They found no survivors but recovered a few Chinese bodies among the burnt flotsam in the ship's debris field. In January 1875, Hong Kong underwriters dispatched a schooner and a steamer under the command of Captain Roberts. He searched the area for 6 months, and finally in July located the wreck of the SS Japan in under 128 feet of water. Salvage operations ceased in 1877 after about 300,000 coins were recovered leaving the remaining 58,000 unrecoverable and considered lost. In 2007, the first of a small number of blackened and salt water damaged coins began to enter the market in Hong Kong discovered by fishermen near the wreck site likely doing 'dragnet fishing' or bottom trawling.

UNITED STATES: AR trade dollar, 1874, KM-108, from the wreck of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company ship SS Japan, salt water damage, VG. On February 20, 1865, six weeks before his assassination, President Abraham Lincoln approved a bill to establish the Pacific Mail Steam Ship Company as the conduit to formalize trade with China following the completion of the transcontinental "Pacific Railroad." The four ships commissioned for service between San Francisco, Yokohama and Hong Kong were the SS China, SS Great Republic, SS America, and the SS Japan. Constructed between 1866 to 1868, they were the largest, most impressive sidewheel steamships yet built. On November 18, 1874, the SS Japan departed San Francisco on a routine scheduled voyage to Hong Kong, stopping in Yokohama, with 425 Chinese passengers eager to return home after years of labor in California, each person carrying an average of $300 value in gold coin. Also loaded aboard and stowed away in the ship's treasure tank were 168 boxes with $358,508 in newly minted 1874 trade dollar coins. Around midnight on December 17, 1874, fire broke out in the coal bulkhead located amidships, adjacent to the treasure tank. The fire spread quickly from the coal bulkhead, smoke and flames engulfing the wooden center structures of the SS Japan trapping many aboard. Some managed to jump into the dark violent waters. In about 45 minutes the SS Japan was totally engulfed in flames. When the morning of December 18 dawned, the SS Japan was gone with 151 crew and passengers saved in lifeboats and almost 400 Chinese emigrants lost in the fire, on the raging sea and within the sinking hulk of the great ship. The shocking news of the loss of the SS Japan initiated a search and rescue dispatch of two ships of the US Navy's Asiatic fleet from Hong Kong to the wreck site two days later. They found no survivors but recovered a few Chinese bodies among the burnt flotsam in the ship's debris field. In January 1875, Hong Kong underwriters dispatched a schooner and a steamer under the command of Captain Roberts. He searched the area for 6 months, and finally in July located the wreck of the SS Japan in under 128 feet of water. Salvage operations ceased in 1877 after about 300,000 coins were recovered leaving the remaining 58,000 unrecoverable and considered lost. In 2007, the first of a small number of blackened and salt water damaged coins began to enter the market in Hong Kong discovered by fishermen near the wreck site likely doing 'dragnet fishing' or bottom trawling.

UNITED STATES: AR trade dollar, 1874, KM-108, from the wreck of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company ship SS Japan, salt water damage, VG. On February 20, 1865, six weeks before his assassination, President Abraham Lincoln approved a bill to establish the Pacific Mail Steam Ship Company as the conduit to formalize trade with China following the completion of the transcontinental "Pacific Railroad." The four ships commissioned for service between San Francisco, Yokohama and Hong Kong were the SS China, SS Great Republic, SS America, and the SS Japan. Constructed between 1866 to 1868, they were the largest, most impressive sidewheel steamships yet built. On November 18, 1874, the SS Japan departed San Francisco on a routine scheduled voyage to Hong Kong, stopping in Yokohama, with 425 Chinese passengers eager to return home after years of labor in California, each person carrying an average of $300 value in gold coin. Also loaded aboard and stowed away in the ship's treasure tank were 168 boxes with $358,508 in newly minted 1874 trade dollar coins. Around midnight on December 17, 1874, fire broke out in the coal bulkhead located amidships, adjacent to the treasure tank. The fire spread quickly from the coal bulkhead, smoke and flames engulfing the wooden center structures of the SS Japan trapping many aboard. Some managed to jump into the dark violent waters. In about 45 minutes the SS Japan was totally engulfed in flames. When the morning of December 18 dawned, the SS Japan was gone with 151 crew and passengers saved in lifeboats and almost 400 Chinese emigrants lost in the fire, on the raging sea and within the sinking hulk of the great ship. The shocking news of the loss of the SS Japan initiated a search and rescue dispatch of two ships of the US Navy's Asiatic fleet from Hong Kong to the wreck site two days later. They found no survivors but recovered a few Chinese bodies among the burnt flotsam in the ship's debris field. In January 1875, Hong Kong underwriters dispatched a schooner and a steamer under the command of Captain Roberts. He searched the area for 6 months, and finally in July located the wreck of the SS Japan in under 128 feet of water. Salvage operations ceased in 1877 after about 300,000 coins were recovered leaving the remaining 58,000 unrecoverable and considered lost. In 2007, the first of a small number of blackened and salt water damaged coins began to enter the market in Hong Kong discovered by fishermen near the wreck site likely doing 'dragnet fishing' or bottom trawling.

UNITED STATES: AR trade dollar, 1874-CC, KM-108, from the wreck of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company ship SS Japan, salt water damage, Good. On February 20th, 1865, six weeks before his assassination, President Abraham Lincoln approved a bill to establish the Pacific Mail Steam Ship Company as the conduit to formalize trade with China following the completion of the transcontinental "Pacific Railroad." The four ships were commissioned for service between San Francisco, Yokohama and Hong Kong were the SS China, SS Great Republic, SS America, and the SS Japan. Constructed between 1866 to 1868, they were the largest, most impressive sidewheel steamships yet built.On November 18th, 1874, the SS Japan departed San Francisco on a routine scheduled voyage to Hong Kong stopping in Yokohama, with 425 Chinese passengers eager to return home after years of labor in California, each person carrying an average of $300 value in gold coin. Also loaded aboard and stowed away in the ship's treasure tank were 168 boxes with $358,508 in newly minted 1874 trade dollar coins.Around midnight on December 17th, 1874, fire broke out in the coal bulkhead located amidships, adjacent to the treasure tank. The fire spread quickly from the coal bulkhead, smoke and flames engulfing the wooden center structures of the SS Japan trapping many aboard. Some managed to jump into the dark violent waters. In about 45 minutes the SS Japan was totally engulfed in flames. When the morning of December 18 dawned, the SS Japan was gone with 151 crew and passengers saved in lifeboats and almost 400 Chinese emigrants lost in the fire, on the raging sea and within the sinking hulk of the great ship. The shocking news of the loss of the SS Japan initiated a search and rescue dispatch of two ships of the US Navy's Asiatic fleet from Hong Kong to the wreck site two days later. They found no survivors but recovered a few Chinese bodies among the burnt flotsam in the ship's debris field.In January 1875, Hong Kong underwriters dispatched a schooner and a steamer under the command of Captain Roberts. He searched the area for 6 months, and finally in July located the wreck of the SS Japan in under 128 feet of water. Salvage operations ceased in 1877 after about 300,000 coins were recovered leaving the remaining 58,000 unrecoverable and considered lost. In 2007, the first of a small number of blackened and salt water damaged coins began to enter the market in Hong Kong discovered by fisherman near the wreck site likely doing 'dragnet fishing' or bottom trawling.

UNITED STATES: AR trade dollar, 1874-CC, KM-108, from the wreck of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company ship SS Japan, salt water damage, Good. On February 20th, 1865, six weeks before his assassination, President Abraham Lincoln approved a bill to establish the Pacific Mail Steam Ship Company as the conduit to formalize trade with China following the completion of the transcontinental "Pacific Railroad." The four ships were commissioned for service between San Francisco, Yokohama and Hong Kong were the SS China, SS Great Republic, SS America, and the SS Japan. Constructed between 1866 to 1868, they were the largest, most impressive sidewheel steamships yet built.On November 18th, 1874, the SS Japan departed San Francisco on a routine scheduled voyage to Hong Kong stopping in Yokohama, with 425 Chinese passengers eager to return home after years of labor in California, each person carrying an average of $300 value in gold coin. Also loaded aboard and stowed away in the ship's treasure tank were 168 boxes with $358,508 in newly minted 1874 trade dollar coins.Around midnight on December 17th, 1874, fire broke out in the coal bulkhead located amidships, adjacent to the treasure tank. The fire spread quickly from the coal bulkhead, smoke and flames engulfing the wooden center structures of the SS Japan trapping many aboard. Some managed to jump into the dark violent waters. In about 45 minutes the SS Japan was totally engulfed in flames. When the morning of December 18 dawned, the SS Japan was gone with 151 crew and passengers saved in lifeboats and almost 400 Chinese emigrants lost in the fire, on the raging sea and within the sinking hulk of the great ship. The shocking news of the loss of the SS Japan initiated a search and rescue dispatch of two ships of the US Navy's Asiatic fleet from Hong Kong to the wreck site two days later. They found no survivors but recovered a few Chinese bodies among the burnt flotsam in the ship's debris field.In January 1875, Hong Kong underwriters dispatched a schooner and a steamer under the command of Captain Roberts. He searched the area for 6 months, and finally in July located the wreck of the SS Japan in under 128 feet of water. Salvage operations ceased in 1877 after about 300,000 coins were recovered leaving the remaining 58,000 unrecoverable and considered lost. In 2007, the first of a small number of blackened and salt water damaged coins began to enter the market in Hong Kong discovered by fisherman near the wreck site likely doing 'dragnet fishing' or bottom trawling.

UNITED STATES: 5 cents, 1938-D, KM-134, a fantastic example, PCGS graded MS66.

UNITED STATES: AR dollar, 2013, KM-552, Centennial of Japanese Immigration to Hawaii- Honolulu Japanese Jaycees, contains 1 troy ounce pure silver, Proof.