SALZBURG: Maximilian Gandolph, 1668-1687, AR thaler, 1677, KM-190, Dav-3508, Madonna and Child, nice original toning, PCGS graded AU55.

SALZBURG: Johann Ernst, 1687-1709, AR thaler, 1693, KM-254, Dav-3510, Madonna and Child, toned, wonderful strike and eye appeal, PCGS graded MS61.

AUSTRIA: Ferdinand II, 1564-1595, AR thaler, Hall, ND, Dav-8097, struck 1577-95 without date, a pleasing lustrous mint state example, PCGS graded MS62.

AUSTRIA: Ferdinand, as Archduke, 1564-1595, AR thaler, Hall, ND, Dav-8100, Voglhuber-87, lightly toned, well struck, PCGS graded MS62.

AUSTRIA: Leopold I, 1657-1705, AR thaler, Hall, 1701, KM-1303.4, Dav-1003, variety without initials, deeply toned, wonderful bold strike, PCGS graded MS62.

AUSTRIA: Joseph II, 1780-1790, AE 1/4 kreuzer, Vienna, 1781, KM-2051, N-14749, a lovely example, PCGS graded MS63 RB.

AUSTRIA: Franz II, 1792-1835, AR thaler, Vienna, 1815-A, KM-2161, Dav-6, toned, PCGS graded MS62.

AUSTRIA: Francis I, 1804-1835, AR 20 kreuzer, 1829-B, KM-2145, Kremnica Mint, an attractive example, PCGS graded MS62.

AUSTRIA: Jeweler's Imitations, AV 4 ducats (13.98g), 41mm jeweler's imitation of Austrian 4 ducat of Franz Joseph with fictitious date of 1495, a very unusual item likely made in the 1920s in the Middle East, AU, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

AUSTRIA: Jeweler's Imitations, AV 4 ducats (14.11g), 41mm jeweler's imitation of Austrian 4 ducat of Franz Joseph with fictitious date of 1495, a very unusual item likely made in the 1920s in the Middle East, AU, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

CRUSADER KINGDOMS: Kingdom of Jerusalem: Anonymous, ca. 1150-1260, AV bezant (3.25g), Acre, CCS-5, based on a dinar of the Fatimid Imam al-Mansur al-'Amir (1101-1130) with totally blundered Arabic and no pellets or other symbols in the central circles, a pleasing lustrous mint state example, NGC graded MS62.

CRUSADER KINGDOMS: Kingdom of Jerusalem: Anonymous, ca. 1150-1260, AV bezant (3.84g), Acre, CCS-5, based on a dinar of the Fatimid Imam al-Mansur al-'Amir (1101-1130) with totally blundered Arabic and no pellets or other symbols in the central circles, an attractive nearly mint state example, NGC graded AU58.

CRUSADER KINGDOMS: Kingdom of Jerusalem: Anonymous, ca. 1150-1260, AV bezant (3.61g), Acre, CCS-5, based on a dinar of the Fatimid Imam al-Mansur al-'Amir (1101-1130) with totally blundered Arabic and no pellets or other symbols in the central circles, an attractive nearly mint state example, NGC graded AU58.

CRUSADER KINGDOMS: Kingdom of Jerusalem: Anonymous, AV dinar (4.08g), "Iskandaria", AH"593", CCS, obverse in the name of the deceased Yusuf b. Ayyub (Saladin) with the standard legends as on type A-785.2 and the reverse cites the same caliph Ahmad (= al-Nasir, 1180-1225) with mint & date formula in the margin as on normal issues of 'Uthman (AH589-590); the Arabic legends on both sides are correct, though slightly coarse, but with almost no spelling errors; unpublished and likely unique, lovely VF, RRR. Assignment to the kingdom of Jerusalem is very tentative; the type could have been produced by some another Crusader group in Egypt or greater Syria.

CRUSADER KINGDOMS: Kingdom of Jerusalem: Anonymous, relatively early, ca. 1130-116, AV bezant (3.99g), "Misr", genearlly as CCS-3, based on a dinar of the Fatimid Imam al-Mansur al-'Amir (1101-1130), relatively late version with the Arabic legends already significantly corrupt; wonderful strike, XF.

CRUSADER KINGDOMS: Kingdom of Jerusalem: Late series, 1220s-1260s, AV bezant (3.15g), CCS-5 variant, derived from Fatimid dinars of al-'Amir al-Mansur (1101-1130), with crescent below the obverse and 2 pellets below the reverse; struck from dies that were largely worn-out in the outer section, choice XF, RR.

CYPRUS: Edward VII, 1901-1910, AE 1/2 piastre, 1908, KM-11, one-year type, very difficult to acquire in numerical grade, an attractively toned nearly mint state example, PCGS graded AU58. Tied for finest graded (Top Pop) at PCGS.

CYPRUS: Edward VII, 1901-1910, AE piastre, 1908, KM-12, one-year type, very difficult to acquire in numerical grade, an attractively toned nearly mint state example, PCGS graded AU58.

FINLAND: Alexander III, Grand Duke, 1881-1894, AE 5 penniä, 1888, KM-11, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63 BN.

FRANCE: Louis XIV, 1643-1715, AR 1/2 écu à mèche longue, Aix, 1649-&, KM-516, Gadoury-169, juvenile bust, nicely toned, rare date/mintmark, PCGS graded AU58.

FRANCE: Louis XIV, 1643-1715, AV louis d'or aux 4 L, Lille, 1693-W, KM-302.20. Fr-433, Gadoury-252, struck over earlier type, as noted by the crescent after IMP on reverse (flan réformé), PCGS graded AU53.

FRANCE: AE jeton, 1701, Feuardent-5736, 34mm bronze jeton of Antoine Monet de la Salle, First Master of Requests of the Hôtel du Roy, both obverse and reverse have central oval (arms on obverse) with legend around, and around all 10 coats of arms, traces of red, plain edge, PCGS graded MS63.

FRANCE: Louis XIV, 1643-1715, AR 10 sols (1/8 écu), Paris, 1706-A, KM-349.1, Gadoury-133, blast white luster, very attractive, rare date/mintmark, PCGS graded MS64. Second finest graded at PCGS.

FRANCE: Aire: Siege Issue, AR 25 sols, 1710, KM-15.2, uniface octagonal klippe issued during the siege of Aire, issued by governor Marechal de Goesbriant during the War of the Spanish Succession, PCGS graded EF45. The Siege of Aire-sur-la-Lys in 1710 was a significant event during the War of the Spanish Succession, where Allied forces (Grand Alliance) under the command of the Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, and later Marlborough, besieged the French-held city from early September to early November 1710, ultimately forcing its surrender and securing a key victory for the Allies against France.

FRANCE: Louis XV, 1715-1774, AR écu de France-Navarre, Rouen, 1719-B, KM-435.3, Gadoury-318, wonderful orange and blue toning, key date of the two-year subtype, rare date/mintmark, great eye appeal, PCGS graded MS63. Finest graded at PCGS.

FRANCE: Louis XVI, 1774-1790, AR 1/10 écu (12 sols), Bayonne, 1775-L, KM-568.6, Gadoury-353, toned, obverse adjustmant marks, very rare date/mintmark, PCGS graded MS62.

FRANCE: Louis XVI, 1774-1790, AR 1/5 écu (24 sols), Bayonne, 1775-L, KM-569.7, Gadoury-354, toned, rare date/mintmark, PCGS graded AU58.

FRANCE: Louis XVI, 1774-1790, AR 1/2 écu (44 sols), Aix, 1777-&, KM-562.14, Gadoury-355, beautiful multicolored tone, rare date/mintmark, PCGS graded MS62. Second finest graded by PCGS.

FRANCE: Louis XVI, 1774-1790, AR 1/5 écu (24 sols), Paris, 1784-A, KM-569.1, Gadoury-354, variety with no dot, 1st semester, nicely toned, rare date/mintmark, PCGS graded AU53.

FRANCE: Louis XVI, 1774-1790, AR écu, Paris, 1786-A, Ciani-2202, VG-90, pattern issue Écu de Calonne by Jean-Pierre Droz, variety with 6-segment lettered-edge collar (original strike), laureate bust left with LUD XVI D G FR - ET NAV REX around // two intertwined L's, in the form of a palm and laurel wreath, with 3 fleur-de-lis in center and crown above, with "SIT NOMEN DOMINI - BENEDICTUM 1786" around and A mintmark at bottom, original tone, very rare, PCGS graded Specimen 55. The Écu de Calonne was named after Charles-Alexandre de Calonne, the French Controller-General under Louis XVI. His reform of the government's administration and finance ultimately failed and led to the French Revolution.

FRANCE: Louis XVI, 1774-1790, AR 1/10 écu (12 sols), Montpellier, 1788-N, KM-568.9, Gadoury-353, very lightly toned, rare date/mintmark, PCGS graded MS64. Second finest graded at PCGS.

FRANCE: Louis XVI, 1774-1790, AR écu aux branches d'olivier, Rouen, 1789-B, KM-564.3, Gadoury-356, 9 in date over another digit, nicely toned, PCGS graded EF40.

FRANCE: Louis XVI, 1774-1790, AR écu aux branches olivier, Paris, 1790-A, KM-564.1, Gadoury-356, beautiful deep tone and well struck, PCGS graded AU58.

FRANCE: Napoleon I, First Consul, 1799-1804, AR 2 francs, Paris, AN 12 (1803-04)-A, KM-657.1, Gadoury-494, F.-250, beautifully toned with nice surfaces, PCGS graded MS63. Tied for finest graded at PCGS.

FRANCE: Napoleon I, Emperor, 1804-1814, 1815, AR 1/4 franc, Strasbourg, AN 13 (1804-05)-BB, KM-654.2, Gadoury-346, toned, mintage of only 2,194 pieces, possible 3/2 overdate, very rare date/mintmark, PCGS graded AU58. Tied for finest graded at PCGS.

FRANCE: Napoleon I, Emperor, 1804-1814, 1815, AR 5 francs, Paris, 1806-A, KM-673.1, Gadoury-581, F.-304, nicely toned, one-year type, PCGS graded MS62.

FRANCE: Napoleon I, Emperor, 1804-1814, 1815, AR franc, Lyon, 1811-D, KM-692.5, Gadoury-447, lustrous, NGC graded AU58.

FRANCE: Napoleon I, 1804-1814, 1815, AV 40 francs, 1811-A, KM-696, set in gold bezel with pin back, VF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

FRANCE: Republic, AE 10 centimes, "1848", Mazard-1321, 31mm bronze essai (pattern) 10 centimes with small date by Farochon, laureate bust of France left with bird and architect's square in fields and REPUBLIQUE - FRANÇAISE around // "10 / CENTs." in center within laurel and oak wreath with "LIBERTE EGALITE FRATERNITE - 1848" around, spectacular prooflike fields, reverse rotated about 30 degrees, rare, plain edge, PCGS graded Specimen 64BN.

FRANCE: Second Republic, AV 20 francs, 1850-A, KM-762, Ceres head, lustrous, Choice XF.

FRANCE: Republic, AV 20 francs, 1876-A, KM-825, Standing Genius (Angel) type, very lustrous, Unc.

FRANCE: Republic, 5 centimes, 1914, GEM-39.EP, Maz-2188, essai piefort strike in nickel, heavy hairlines on reverse, NGC graded Unc details, ex The 1914 Collection.

FRANCE: Napoleon I, as Emperor, 1804-1814, 1815, AR medal, 1806, Bramsen-539, 41mm silver medal on the Battle of Jena by L. Manfredini, laureate bust right with NAPOLEO GALL IMP ITAL REX GERM RVTH BORVSSICVS around and MEDIOLANI / MDCCCVI in exergue // Jupiter, seated facing forward on an eagle carrying a thunderbolt in its talons, holds a scepter in one hand and arrows in the other with SAXONIA LIBERATA BORVSSIS DELETIS around and IENAE in exergue, toned, PCGS graded Specimen 63.

FRANCE: Napoleon I, Emperor, 1804-1814, 1815, AE medal, 1806, Bramsen-549, Zeitz-79, Schwering Coll.-1041, 40mm bronze medal on the Capture of Hamburg, by Andrieu and George, laureate bust right with NAPOLEON - EMP. ET ROI. around with ANDRIEU F. on truncation // crowned and draped Hamburg seated facing holding cornucopia with left hand and post with right hand, with ship behind and OCCUPATION - D'HAMBOURG. around and MDCCCVI in exergue, chocolate-brown, beautiful surfaces, NGC graded MS65 BN.

FRANCE: Napoleon I, Emperor, 1804-1814, 1815, AE medal, 1806, Bramsen-557, Julius Coll.-1631, 41mm bronze medal on the Erection of the Arc d'Triomphe by Andrieu and Brenet, laureate bust right with NAPOLEON - EMP. ET ROI. around with ANDRIEU F. on truncation // facing view of the arch with AUX ARMÉES / MDCCCVI. in exergue, chocolate-brown, beautiful prooflike surfaces, NGC graded MS64 BN.

FRANCE: AE medal, 1811, Bramsen-1139, Julius-2482, d'Essling-2564, Turricchia-804, 36mm bronze medal from the Inhabitants of Montione to Elisa Bonaparte and Felice Baciocchi by Galle, bust right with ELISA-IMP SOROR - LUCAE ET POPVLON D around // central cloumn inscribed HON / ELIS / ET FEL with AUGUSTAE- - CONDITRICI around and INCOLAE-PAGI / MONTIONIS / ELISAEI.A. / M DCCCXI in exergue, plain edge, NGC graded MS64 BN. Montione was once part of the Principality of Piombino, and is now part of the town of Cascina.

FRANCE: Third Republic, AE medal (31.16g), 1873, 42mm bronze medal by Léonard for the Shah of Persia's Visit to the Paris Mint; AURO ARGENTO AERI FLANDO FERIUNDO above view of the building of the Monnaie de Paris with the Seine in the foreground, signed L. LEONARD F. below, and in exergue AEDES AEDIFICATAE. / M.DCC.LXX. // S.M. / LE SCHAH DE PERSE / VISITE / LA MONNAIE DE PARIS / 15 JUILLET / 1873, a superb specimen quality example! PCGS graded Specimen 65. In 1873, Persia's Shah, Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, made his groundbreaking first European tour, including a significant visit to Paris, where he was greeted with pomp amidst the city's post-war reconstruction, experiencing French culture, technology, and institutions like the opera and mint.

AUGSBURG: Free City, AR thaler, 1641/39, KM-77, Dav-5039, city view, overdate certain, nicely toned, PCGS graded AU58.

AUGSBURG: Free City, AR thaler, 1694, KM-106, Dav-5049, rich deep tone, one-year type, iconic pine cone motif, in oversize PCGS holder, NGC graded AU55.

BADEN: Leopold I, 1830-1852, AR 2 gulden, 1846, KM-222, Wielandt-944, lightly toned with nice eye appeal, PCGS graded MS65. Tied for second-highest graded at PCGS.

BAVARIA: Otto, 1886-1913, AR 2 mark, 1896-D, KM-913, J-45, a lovely example and a scarce date, PCGS graded MS63.

BRANDENBURG: Georg & Albrecht, 1527-1545, AR thaler (28.91g), 1542, Dav-8967, scratches on obverse, lightly cleaned, VF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection (Noble Numismatics Sale 110, Lot 3013).

BRUNSWICK-WOLFENBÜTTEL: August II, 1634-1666, AR thaler, 1647, KM-398.3, Dav-6348, initials HS, nice original tone, NGC graded AU58.

FRANKFURT AM MAIN: Free Imperial City, AR 1/2 ducat, 1619, KM-Pn17, JuF-354c, Förschner-63.4, pattern in silver of the September 9, 1619 Coronation of Ferdinand II commemorative gold issue, PCGS graded EF45, ex SARC Auction 45, Lot 1437; ex Joe Sedillot Collection.

FULDA: Philipp Schenk zu Schweinsberg, 1541-1550, BI pfennig (0.26g), 1542, Gerling/Erdmann-61-1, uniface (einseitig) type, two shields, date above, R between rosettes below, extremely rare, VF. See WAG Online Auction 97, Lot 666 for another example of this type.

HAMBURG: Free City, AR thaler, 1624, Dav-5365, KM-123., beautiful deep toning, variety with full date, PCGS graded AU55.

HAMBURG: Free Hanseatic City, AR 2 schilling, 1660, KM-171, Gaed-872, a wonderful example, PCGS graded MS64.

HESSE-CASSEL: Wilhelm IX, 1785-1803, AR 1/2 thaler, Kassel, 1789, KM-534, mintmaster initial F, PCGS graded AU50.

HESSE-DARMSTADT: Ernst Ludwig, 1892-1918, AR 2 mark, 1904, KM-372, Jaeger-74, 400th Birthday of Philipp the Magnanimous, lustrous, mintage of only 2,250 in proof, scarce, NGC graded Proof 65. The obverse on this issue is matte, with the reverse polished as on most proofs.

HESSE-DARMSTADT: Ernst Ludwig, 1892-1918, AR 2 mark, 1904, KM-372, Jaeger-74, 400th Birthday of Philipp the Magnanimous, light orange tone, mintage of only 2,250 in proof, scarce, NGC graded Proof 64. The obverse on this issue is matte, with the reverse polished as on most proofs.

JAGERNDORF: Johann Georg von Brandenburg-Ansbach, 1607-1623, AR 3 kreuzer (groschen), 1611, KM-31, nicely toned, PCGS graded MS62.

PRUSSIA: Friedrich III, 1888, AR 2 mark, Berlin, 1888-A, KM-510, Jaeger-98, beautifully toned with immaculate surfaces, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS67. Friedrich III was King of Prussia and German Emperor for 99 days from March 9-June 15, 1888, during the Year of the Three Emperors.

PRUSSIA: Wilhelm II, 1888-1918, AE medal, 1896, Marienburg-7042, 50mm unsigned bronze medal on the 25th Anniversary of the German Empire, conjoined busts of Wilhelm I, Friedrich III, and Wilhelm II right within palm and laurel wreath, with radiant star at top // German imperial eagle in medallion in upper center, with surrounding oak leaves and "ZUR 25 JÄHRIGEN FEIER DER / WIEDERBEGRÜNDUNG DES / DEUTSCHEN REICHES / 1870-71.1895-96" below, in PCGS oversize holder, glossy with fantastic surfaces, plain edge, a lovely example! PCGS graded Specimen 66.

PRUSSIA: Wilhelm II, 1888-1918, AR 5 mark, 1901-A, KM-526, J-106, commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Kingdom of Prussia, very lightly toned, a choice mint state example, NGC graded MS65.

PRUSSIA: Wilhelm II, 1888-1918, AR 2 mark, 1913, KM-532, Jaeger-109, 100th Anniversary-Victory over Napoleon at Leipzig, lustrous, PCGS graded MS66.

SAXONY: Ernst and Albrecht, 1464-1485, AR 1/2 schwertgroschen (2.14g), Zwickau-Schneeberg, 1482, Levinson-I-185, cloverleaf mintmark, shield of crossed swords in trefoil with E A D G DVCS SAX TV LA HAR HIS around // shield of Landsberg-Meissen in trefoil with "GROSSVS NOVVS DVCVM SAXONI82" around, NGC graded AU53.

SAXONY: Albert, 1873-1902, AR 2 mark, Muldenhutten, 1902-E, KM-1245, Jaeger-124, lustrous under light tone, a lovely example! NGC graded MS66.

SAXONY: Friedrich August III, 1904-1918, AR 5 mark, Muldenhutten, 1904-E, KM-1262, Jaeger-133, Dav-904, Death of Georg, beautifully toned, wonderful eye appeal, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66.

SAXONY: Friedrich August III, 1904-1918, AR 2 mark, 1909, KM-1268, 500th Anniversary-Leipzig University, beautifully toned, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS67.

SAXONY: Friedrich August III, 1904-1918, AR 5 mark, 1909, KM-1269, Jaeger-139, 500th Anniversary-Leipzig University, original tone, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66.

SAXONY: Friedrich August III, 1904-1918, AR 5 mark, 1909, KM-1269, Jaeger-139, 500th Anniversary-Leipzig University, light bluish tone, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66.

SAXONY: Friedrich August III, 1904-1918, AR 5 mark, 1909, KM-1269, Jaeger-139, 500th Anniversary-Leipzig University, attrractive light peripheral toning, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66.

SAXONY: Friedrich August III, 1904-1918, AR 5 mark, 1909, KM-1269, Jaeger-139, 500th Anniversary-Leipzig University, toned, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66.

SAXONY: Friedrich August III, 1904-1918, AR 5 mark, 1909, KM-1269, Jaeger-139, 500th Anniversary-Leipzig University, lightly toned, PCGS graded MS65.

SAXE-WEIMAR-EISENACH: Wilhelm Ernst, 1901-1918, AR 5 mark, 1908, KM-220, Y-175, Jaeger-161, Jena University 350th Anniversary, blast white luster, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66+.

SCHWARZBURG-SONDERSHAUSEN: Karl Günther, 1880-1909, AR 2 mark, 1905, KM-153, Jaeger-169a, 25th Anniversary of Reign, variety with thin rim, blast white luster, a lovely example! PCGS graded Proof 66 DCAM.

SCHWARZBURG-SONDERSHAUSEN: Karl Günther, 1880-1909, AR 3 mark, Berlin, 1909-A, KM-154, Jaeger-170, Death of Karl Günther, toned, PCGS graded Proof 65.

WALDECK-PYRMONT: Georg Friedrich Heinrich, 1813-1845, AR thaler, 1824, KM-133, Dav-925. Cr-82, initials FW, one-year type, nicely toned, beautiful design featuring arms on a palm tree, PCGS graded MS62.

LOT WITHDRAWN WÜRTTEMBERG: Friedrich I, 1856-1907, AV 5 mark, 1877-F, KM-627, J-291, a splendid lustrous example! PCGS graded MS67.

GERMANY: Kaiserreich, AR medal, 1914, Zetzmann-4025, 33mm silver medal by Artur Löwenthal, Battle at Tannenberg and Liberation of Eastern Prussia; GENERALOBERST VON·HINDENBURG around uniformed bust facing slightly left // DER RUSSEN BEZWINGER OSTPREUSSENS BEFREIER / TANNENBERG-ORTELSBURG around knight holding up his sword in a striking pose, designer's name ALOEWENTAL below, struck by Robert Ball Nachfolger, Berlin, variety with raised inscriptions in reverse field, a superb lightly toned lustrous example! PCGS graded Specimen 65.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 5 reichsmark, Stuttgart, 1927-F, KM-55, Jaeger-329, 450th Anniversary-University of Tübingen, great contrast, PCGS graded Proof 63+DCAM.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 3 reichsmark, Berlin, 1927-A, KM-53, Jaeger-330, 400th Anniversary-Philipps University in Marburg, lustrous, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66+.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 3 reichsmark, Berlin, 1927-A, KM-50, Jaeger-325, 100th Anniversary of Bremerhaven, lustrous, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 3 reichsmark, Berlin, 1927-A, KM-53, Jaeger-330, 400th Anniversary-Philipps University in Marburg, very lustrous, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 3 reichsmark, Stuttgart, 1927-F, KM-54, Jaeger-328, 450th Anniversary-Tübingen University, lustrous, PCGS graded MS65.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 5 reichsmark, Stuttgart, 1927-F, KM-55, Jaeger-329, 450th Anniversary-University of Tübingen, very lustrous, PCGS graded MS64+.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 5 reichsmark, Stuttgart, 1927-F, KM-55, Jaeger-329, 450th Anniversary-University of Tübingen, lightly toned, PCGS graded MS63.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 5 reichsmark, 1927-A, KM-51, J-326, 100th Anniversary of Bremerhaven, a wonderful mint state example! PCGS graded MS64.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 3 reichsmark, Munich, 1928-D, KM-59, Jaeger-334, 100th Anniversary-Founding of Dinkelsbühl, lightly toned, mirror finish, a lovely example! NGC graded Proof 66.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 3 reichsmark, Munich, 1928-D, KM-59, Jaeger-334, 100th Anniversary-Founding of Dinkelsbühl, light peripheral toning, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 3 reichsmark, Munich, 1928-D, KM-59, Jaeger-334, 100th Anniversary-Founding of Dinkelsbühl, very lustrous, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 3 reichsmark, Munich, 1928-D, KM-58, Jaeger-332, 400th Anniversary-Death of Albrecht Dürer, good eye appeal, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 3 reichsmark, Munich, 1928-D, KM-58, Jaeger-332, 400th Anniversary-Death of Albrecht Dürer, pleasing light tone, old NGC holder, NGC graded MS64.

GERMANY: Weimar Republic, AR 3 reichsmark, Berlin, 1930-A, KM-70, Liberation of Rhineland, some light hairlines, nice cameo effect, Proof.

ANGLO-SAXONS: Continental Issue, AR sceat (1.11g), ND (695-740), S-790C, Series E, degraded 'Porcupine' head right // standard with central annulet, four lines and two pellets around, NGC graded AU53.

ENGLAND: Aethelred II, 978-1016, AR penny (1.66g), Winchester, S-1148, N-770, moneyer Brihtmaer, faint repair work, a lovely toned lustrous example! PCGS graded AU details, ex Morton & Eden Auction 113, Lot 428; ex Dr E. Burstal Collection.

ENGLAND: Cnut, 1016-1035, AR penny, York, ND (1024-30), S-1158, pointed helmet type, moneyer Wolfnoth, very lightly toned, lustrous, PCGS graded MS62.

ENGLAND: Edward the Confessor, 1042-1066, AR penny, Lincoln, ND, S-1177, heavy large flan, moneyer Ulf, label erroneously reads S-1178, PCGS graded AU53.

GREAT BRITAIN / ENGLAND: James II, 1685-1688, AR shilling, 1686, KM-451.1, S-3410, attractively toned, with die crack at 5:00 and centering dot on obverse, PCGS graded EF45.

GREAT BRITAIN: Edward VII, 1901-1910, AE medal, 37mm bronze Tibet Expedition medal by G.W. de Saulles and E.G. Gillick, uniformed bust left with EDWARDVS VII - KAISAR-I-HIND around // fortress of Potala Lhassa with "TIBET 1903-4" below, with ornate hanger, with GYANTSE campaign bar, "1766 Cooly Seering S. & J. Corps " engraved in cursive script on edge, AU. In July 1903, an expeditionary force was assembled under Colonel Francis Younghusband and encountered the Tibetan Army at Tanu. The Tibetans were forcibly disarmed, and the Dalai Lama refused to negotiate a peace as the British force advanced to Gyantse. The Tibetans surrounded and attacked the British, but were decisively defeated. A peace treaty was finally signed in the Portala Lhassa on August 4, 1904. The Tibet Medal was authorized in February 1905 for all members of the Tibet Mission and accompanying troops who served at or beyond Siliguri from December 13, 1903, to September 23, 1904.

GREAT BRITAIN: Edward VII, 1901-1910, AE medal, 37mm bronze Tibet Expedition medal by G.W. de Saulles and E.G. Gillick, uniformed bust left with EDWARDVS VII - KAISAR-I-HIND around // fortress of Potala Lhassa with TIBET 1903-4 below, with ornate hanger, with GYANTSE campaign bar, "1766 Cooly Seering S. & J. Corps " engraved in cursive script on edge, AU. In July 1903, an expeditionary force was assembled under Colonel Francis Younghusband and encountered the Tibetan Army at Tanu. The Tibetans were forcibly disarmed, and the Dalai Lama refused to negotiate a peace as the British force advanced to Gyantse. The Tibetans surrounded and attacked the British, but were decisively defeated. A peace treaty was finally signed in the Portala Lhassa on August 4, 1904. The Tibet Medal was authorized in February 1905 for all members of the Tibet Mission and accompanying troops who served at or beyond Siliguri from December 13, 1903, to September 23, 1904.

GREAT BRITAIN: Anne, 1702-1714, AE coronation medal, 1702, MI-228-4, Eimer-390, 39mm, engraved by J. Croker, diademed and draped bust of Anne left // Anne (as Pallas-Athena) standing right holding shield and hurling thunderbolt at two-headed and four-armed serpentine monster (representing James III [the Old Pretender] and Louis XIV of France) to right, holding rocks and clubs, coronation date (April 23, 1702) in exergue, in Latin and Roman numerals, in a remarkable state of preservation with almost full red luster, NGC graded MS64 RB. This medal conveys the real threat seen by England in the form of a Jacobite-French alliance, and how much the former relied upon the success of Anne in stabilizing the post-Stuart England, soon to formally join with Scotland in the form of the United Kingdom.Tied with only one other example for the highest graded (Top Pop) at NGC.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE medal (12.19g), ND (1741), Eimer-561, Betts-247, 37mm bronze medal by Pinchbeck; THE GENEROUSE DUKE OF ARGYLE above a full figure of Argyle standing before a trophy of flags and cannon, wearing robes and collar of Garter, with NO PENTIONER below // MAKE ROOM FOR SIR ROBERT above the Devil (Satan) leading Walpole by a rope around his neck towards the mouth of Hell, in the form of the infernal beast; NO EXCISE in exergue, a wonderful lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS64. Robert Walpole, the First Earl of Orford (1676-1745) is generally regarded as having been the first Prime Minister of Great Britain. This political medal was struck towards the end of his time in office when the influence of the Duke of Argyle, one of his main critics, was on the rise following the 1741 General Election. The 1733 Excise Bill (which failed to become law), was one of Walpole's most unpopular policies. It sought to curb the loss of revenue from the smuggling of wine and tobacco, with a strictly enforced excise system of bonded warehouses and customs officers with increased powers. Walpole left office and retired as the newly appointed Earl of Orford a year later in early 1742.

GREAT BRITAIN: George II, 1727-1760, AR sixpence, 1758, KM-582.2, S-3711, nicely toned, PCGS graded MS63.

GREAT BRITAIN: George III, 1760-1820, AE medal (27.98g), 1760, BHM-3, Eimer-683, 49mm bronze medal by Thomas Pingo for the Accession of George III; GEORGIVS TERTIVS REX around armored and draped bust left // FELICITAS BRITANNIAE above Britannia standing facing between lion and shield, holding lance and cornucopia with INEUNTE REGNO OCT. XXV MDCCLX in exergue, a lovely proof quality example! PCGS graded Proof 63.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE halfpenny token, ND (ca. 1790), D&H-716 (Middlesex), Conder token, Spence's, ass facing, carrying two baskets to either side labeled TAX'S and RENTS with I WAS AN ASS TO BEAR THE FIRST PAIR around // THOs SPENCE / Sir THOs MORE / THOs PAINE, NOTED ADVOCATES FOR THE RIGHTS OF MAN, SPENCE DEALER IN COINS LONDON on edge, lightly lustrous with traces of original red color, PCGS graded MS63 BN. Thomas Spence (1750-1814) was a London-based coin dealer who issued satirical and subversive political tokens between 1795 and 1797. For details on his life, see www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG98805.

GREAT BRITAIN: AE halfpenny token, ND (ca. 1790), D&H-1037 (Middlesex), Conder token for the Abolition of Slavery, enslaved man in chains kneeling right, AM I NOT A MAN AND A BROTHER // two clasped hands with MAY SLAVERY & OPPRESSION CEASE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD around, PAYABLE AT DUBLIN OR LONDON on edge, PCGS graded MS62 BN.

GREAT BRITAIN: George III, 1760-1820, AE penny, 1797, KM-618, S-3777, variety with 10 leaves in wreath, chocolate brown, one-year type, XF.

GREAT BRITAIN: George III, 1760-1820, AR crown, 1818, KM-675, Cr-34, S-3787, LVIII on edge, lightly cleaned, lightly toned, XF.

GREAT BRITAIN: George IV, 1820-1830, AV sovereign, 1821, KM-682, S-3800, very faint surface hairlines, lovely lustrous fields, AU.

GREAT BRITAIN: George IV, 1820-1830, AR medal, 1821, Eimer-1146a, BHM-1070, 35mm silver Coronation medal for George IV by Benedetto Pistrucci; laureated bust left with GEORGIUS IIII D.G. - BRITANNIARUM REX F. D. around and small B.P. below truncation // George IV in Roman garb enthroned left being crowned by Victory with the Three Graces at left and PROPRIO JAM JURE ANIMO PATERNO. around and INAUGURATUS / DIE.JULII.XIX / ANNO.MDCCCXXI in exergue, the official coronation issue, lovely deep toning, PCGS graded SP-58.

GREAT BRITAIN: George IV, 1820-1830, AV 2 pounds, 1823, KM-690, S-3798, surface hairlines, light graffiti, lustrous fields, AU.

GREAT BRITAIN: George IV, 1820-1830, AV 2 pounds, 1823, KM-690, S-3798, cleaned, XF-AU.

GREAT BRITAIN: George IV, 1820-1830, AE farthing, 1828, KM-697, S-3825, a wonderful mint state example! PCGS graded MS64 RB.

GREAT BRITAIN: William IV, 1830-1837, AE medal (18.61g), 1831, BHM-1475, Eimer-1251, 33mm bronze medal by W. Wyon for the Coronation of William IV; "WILLIAM THE FOURTH CROWNED SEP 8 1831" around bust of King right // "ADELAIDE QUEEN CONSORT CROWNED SEP 8 1831" around bust of Queen right, official Royal Mint issue, a lovely specimen quality example! PCGS graded Specimen 63.

GREAT BRITAIN: William IV, 1830-1837, AR halfcrown, 1836, KM-714.2, S-3834, lightly polished, just beginning to retone, XF.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AV sovereign, 1843, KM-736.1, S-3852, Fine, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AV sovereign, 1847, KM-736.1, S-3852, shield type, XF-AU.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AV sovereign, 1847, KM-736.1, S-3852, shield type, VF-XF.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AV sovereign, 1852, KM-736.1, S-3852, shield type, XF-AU.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AV sovereign, 1857, KM-736.1, S-3852, shield type, VF-XF.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AV sovereign, 1857, KM-736.1, S-3852, F-VF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AV sovereign, 1889, KM-767, S-3866, a lustrous example, AU.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AV sovereign, 1892, KM-767, S-3866, VF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AV sovereign, 1896, KM-785, S-3874, VF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, box medal and miniatures, ND (ca. 1850's), 23mm Windsor Castle box medal in gilt brass including 8 miniature medals in silvered brass of Victoria and Albert and 6 of their children by Joseph Moore, AU, ex Davissons E-Auction 41, Lot 215 (with tag). Victoria and Albert's children represented here are Prince Alfred, Princess Louisa, Prince of Wales Albert (the future King Edward VII), Princess Helena, Princess Royal Victoria, and Princess Alice.

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AV sovereign, 1900, KM-785, S-3874, VF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

GREAT BRITAIN: Edward VII, 1901-1910, AV sovereign, 1907, KM-805, S- 3969, VF-XF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

GREAT BRITAIN: Edward VII, 1901-1910, AV sovereign, 1910, KM-805, S- 3969, AU, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

GREAT BRITAIN: George V, 1910-1936, 4-coin Maundy set, 1920, KM-MDS178, set of PCGS graded silver coins includes; 1) 4 pence, PCGS PROOFLIKE-66, S-4017, KM-814; 2) 3 pence, PCGS PROOFLIKE-66. S-4018; KM-813; 3) 2 pence, PCGS PROOFLIKE-65. S-4019; KM-812; and 4) penny, PCGS PROOFLIKE-66. S-4020; KM-811, a lovely lightly-toned well- matched set, set of 4 coins.

GREAT BRITAIN: AR trade dollar, 1930, KM-T5, attractive light toning, ANACS graded MS64.

GREAT BRITAIN: AR medal, 1974, 51mm silver medal by Toye, Kenning & Spencer Ltd., in association with the Times and the Sunday Times, commemorating the Chinese Historical Relic Exhibition held in the Royal Academy of London in 1973-1974; the 'Flying Horse of Gansu' and Chinese legend // "Chinese Exhibition 1973-1974" below building and English legend AT THE ROYAL ACADEMY LONDON / SPONSORED BY THE TIMES & THE SUNDAY TIMES around, mintage of 2,000 pieces, scarce, with original informational paper and case of issue, a superb lightly toned mint state example! PCGS graded MS65.

GREECE: Paul, 1947-1964, 7-coin proof set, 1965, KM-PS1, Hellas-M.3, posthumous issue, all NGC-graded including 10 lepta PF-68, 50 lepta PF-68 CAMEO, 1 drachma PF-68 CAMEO, 2 drachmai PF-68, 5 drachmai PF-68 CAMEO, 10 drachmai PF-67, and silver 20 drachmai PF-67 CAMEO, a well-matched set, set of 7 coins.

ICELAND: Republic, AV 500 kronur, 1961, KM-14, Fr-1, 150th Anniversary of the Birth of Jón Sigurðsson, struck at the British Royal Mint, London, lovely golden luster, ANACS graded MS66. Jón Sigurðsson was the leader of the Icelandic independence movement.

IRELAND: Republic, AR shilling, 1942, KM-14, very nicely toned, rainbow on reverse (bull side), a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66.

AMALFI: Anonymous, ca. 1000-1050, AV tari (1.02g), NM, ND, Gr-Trav-37/39, imitative "Arabic" design, derived from the ¼ dinar of the Fatimid caliph al-Mu'izz (953-975), his name and titles on the obverse, the Shi'ite (Fatimid) caliphate on the reverse, early style with central Arabic texts slightly crude but fully legible, bold VF, RR.

CREMONA: Republic, 1155-1330, AR grosso (0.71g), Biaggi-672, MIR-294, in the name of Emperor Federico II, FRIDERICVS around O- P - R - I within circle // +CREMONA around central cross, dots in the first and second angles, dashes in the remaining angles, environmental damage, an overall attractive example, NGC graded AU details, RR.

REPUBLIC OF ITALY: Napoleon, President, 1802-1805, AE 1/2 soldo, Milan, 1804 year III, KM-Pn16, a superb quality red lustrous example of this scarce pattern type! PCGS graded Specimen 65 BN. The Italian Republic was a short-lived republic from 1802-1805 located in Northern Italy. Napoleon Bonaparte served as president and its capital was Milan.

REPUBLIC OF ITALY: Napoleon, President, 1802-1805, AE soldo, Milan, 1804 year III, KM-Pn17, a wonderful quality red lustrous example of this scarce pattern type! PCGS graded Specimen 64 BN. The Italian Republic was a short-lived republic from 1802-1805 located in Northern Italy. Napoleon Bonaparte served as president and its capital was Milan.

NAPLES: Ferdinando I d'Aragona, 1458-1494, AR coronato (3.82g), ND, MIR-66/1, central cross with no crosshatching within inner circle with +FERDINANDVS D G R SICILIE IERS VNG around // King enthroned facing with attendants at sides with +CORONATVS qA LEGITIME CER - TA V around, very slight obverse oxidation, VF-XF.

NAPLES: Ferdinando II, 1830-1859, AE 5 tornesi, 1845, KM-349, Cr-147a, small reverse scratch, extremely rare key date, F-VF.

PAPAL STATES: Paul V, 1605-1621, AR medal (26.56g), 1612, Lincoln-898, Bartolotti-E 612, 38mm silver medal for the Completion of the Cappella Paolina by A. Mori, bust left with PAULVS V PONT MAX AN VIIII around // facing view of the chapel with DEI GENITRICI - SEMPER VIRGINI around and M DC XII in exergue, lightly toned, very light obverse tooling, light reverse die rust, slight evidence of double striking on obverse, plain edge, XF-AU.

PAPAL STATES: Innocent XII, 1691-1700, AR piastra (scudo of 80 bolognini), 1698 year VIII, KM-608. Dav-4107, Berman-2227, First Anniversary of the Peace of Ryswick, a few small flan defects, richly toned, PCGS graded AU53.

VENICE: Alvise Contarini, 1676-1684, AR scudo della croce (31.51g), ND (1679-81), KM-360, Paol-4. Dav-4272, initials GZ, light peripheral toning, XF.

VENETIAN DALMATIA & ALBANIA: AE gazzetta (2 soldi) (7.50g), ND (1684-90), KM-5, well struck and very attractive, VF.

ITALY: Vittorio Emanuele III, 1900-1946, AR 20 lire, 1927-R, KM-69, a lovely example with a small scrape on the back of the king's neck, PCGS graded AU details.

ITALY: Vittorio Emanuele III, 1900-1946, AR 20 lire, 1928-R year VI, KM-70, 10th Anniversary of the End of The Great War, dated year 6 of the Fascist Era, PCGS graded AU53.

LIVONIAN ORDER: Wilhelm von Brandenburg and Heinrich von Galen, 1540-1563, AR 1/2 mark (2.48g), [15]54, Dav-139, Haljak-427a, joint coinage between the Archbishopric of Riga and the Livonian Order, central arms with flanking stars within inner beaded circle with WILHELM. D. G. AR. B. RIG. MA. BR and ornament around // arms separating date within beaded circle with +HINRICVS. DE. GALE. D. O. M. LI around, a few spots of dark residue, cleaned, much luster, attractive and rare, NGC graded AU details.

SOVEREIGN MILITARY ORDER OF MALTA: Emmanuel Pinto, 1741-1773, AR 30 tari, 1757, KM-256, Dav-1600. Cr-19, cleaned, starting to retone, XF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection.

NETHERLANDS: Willem I, 1815-1840, AR jeton, 1815, Wurzbach-9753, 23mm silver jeton by Pieter Walter van de Goor for William taking the Oath to the Constitution; WILH. NASS. BELG. REX. LUXEMB. M. DUX around bust right // PATR. SAL. / REG. ET. ORD. / SOLEN. SACRAM. / ASSERTA. / MDCCCXV within wreath, a lovely lightly toned mint state example! PCGS graded MS63. Engraved by Pieter Walter van de Goor, who was first employed at the Brussels Mint and was later engraver at the Utrecht Mint.

NETHERLANDS: Willem III, 1849-1890, AR medal, 1889, Zwierzina-828 AG, 51mm silver medal by J.P.M. Menger commemorating the 40th Anniversary of the Reign; MDCCCXLIX WILLEM III KONING DER NED G. H. V. L. MDCCCLXXXIX around bust right of King with J.P.M. MENGER F. below bust // OSCVLATAE SVNT PAX ET IVSTITIA around allegorical scene featuring Peace holding an olive branch while Justice is depicted with sword and scales, J.P.M. MENGER F. in exergue, very rare in silver and this a wonderfully toned mint state example! PCGS graded MS64

NETHERLANDS: Willem III, 1849-1890, AR 25 cents, 1890, KM-81, variety with dot after date, halberd privy mark, very lightly cleaned, small obverse spot, AU.

POLAND: DANZIG: Sigismund III, 1587-1632, AR ort (1/4 thaler, 10 groszy), 1623, KM-15.2, small straight clip at 9:00, well struck, VF.

POLAND: Nicholas I, 1825-1855, AE 3 grosze, 1841-MW, Cr-110.2, Bitkin-1209, full red, better date, PCGS graded MS64 RD, ex Heritage Auction 3067, Lot 32146. The single finest graded example (Top Pop) at PCGS.

POLAND: Lodz (Litzmannstadt Ghetto), 5 mark, 1943, KM-Tn2, struck in aluminum, an attractive example, PCGS graded MS62. The Litzmannstadt (Lodz) ghetto was established as an industrial base to manufacture war supplies. The Nazis set up a Jewish council and appointed Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski to keep order. From 1942 to 1943, tokens were struck in the name of the Jewish Elders of Litzmannstadt, the name the Germans chose for the city to honor the German General Karl Litzmann, of WWI fame. These tokens were the only legal currency in the Lodz Ghetto and used to buy what food and medicine they could. Jews traded their personal possessions to acquired these tokens.

PORTUGAL: Republic, 2 centavos, 1918, KM-567, Gomes-R.02.01, scarce one-year type in iron, very light oxidation, XF.

ROMANIA: Carol I, as King, 1881-1914, AR leu, Bucharest, 1884-B, KM-22, lightly cleaned, two-year type, XF.

ROMANIA: Republic, 500 lei, 1998, Sch-P484, pattern, bimetal variety, PCGS graded Specimen 62.

ROMANIA: Republic, 500 lei, 1999, Sch-P505.2, pattern, bimetal, PCGS graded Specimen 64.

RUSSIA: Anna, 1730-1740, AR rouble, 1737, KM-197, Dav-1673, slight marginal weakness, small edge defect, Fine.

RUSSIA: Elizabeth, 1741-1762, AR rouble, 1756, Cr-19c.2, D-1679, Bit-277, St. Petersburg Mint, Ivan Markov mintmaster, cleaned, PCGS graded AU details.

RUSSIA: AR medal (25.55g), ND (1881-5), Diakov-909.6, 42mm silver award medal for Good Behavior and Success in Sciences by A. Griliches, diademed bust of Empress Maria Feodorovna right, in ceremonial attire and headdress with Cyrillic legend around // Athena standing facing, holding laurel wreath and oil lamp, with owl, globe, helmet, and scrolls at her feet, prooflike, hairlined, reverse toning spot, plain edge, Unc.

RUSSIA: Nicholas II, 1894-1917, AR 50 kopeks, St. Petersburg Mint, 1912, Y-58.2, Bit-91, Elikum Babayants mintmaster, very lustrous with good eye appeal, NGC graded MS62.

RUSSIA: Nicholas II, 1894-1917, AR rouble, 1912, Y-59.3, Bit-66, St. Petersburg Mint, Elikum Babayanz mintmaster, cleaned, PCGS graded Unc details.

RUSSIA: AR medal, 1915, Diakov-1585.1, 33mm silver medal on the Pride of Russia by Jaquard and Malyshev for the Russian Numismatic Society, bust of uniformed soldier slightly right wearing papakha with Cyrillic legend around and on horizontal bar across // Cyrillic legend in four lines with date "1914-15" and "P.O.H." below in two lines, with laurel wreath around all, scarce, toned, NGC graded MS63.

SPAIN: Fernando III, 1808-1833, AR 5 pesetas, 1809, KM-6, Tarragona issue, variety with large 0 in date and curved-base crown, one-year type, Choice VF, ex Frank Robinson Auction 115, Lot 391.

SPAIN: Fernando VII, 1808-1833, AR 8 reales, Cadiz, 1813-C, KM-466.2, Cr-136.2, assayer CJ, lightly cleaned, VF-XF.

BERN: Republic, AR franken, 1811, KM-174, HMZ-2-233a, a superb prooflike example, NGC graded MS65.

BERN: Republic, AR sechszehnerpfennig (90.47g), ND, Wunderly-1361, Roesle-54, SM-635, 58mm silver medallic issue by S. Burger; RESPUBLICA BERNENSIS, standing bear to left, head to right, holding twig in right and resting his left paw on crowned shield; cornucopia and cannons at feet // FELICITAS - PUBLICA above helmeted and cuirassed Minerva standing, resting her right hand on pedestal and holding fasces in left hand, owl at right; below SENATUS ET SEDECIM / VIRI. in exergue, struck after 1819, faint surface hairlines, a very attractive and beautifully toned example, AU.

BERN: Canton, AR medal (27.35g), 1885, Richter-200b, Martin-119, 40mm high relief silver medal for the Federal Shooting Festival at Bern by Eduard Durussel, standing bear left wearing feathered hat and ruff, holding Swiss coat of arms and lance with "EIDGENOSSISCHES - SCHUTZENFEST IN BERN. 1885" around // young woman holding laurel wreath, sword, and a shield with the Bern coat of arms, crowning young man to her right who is holding a crossbow, with SEM BESTEN SCHUSS - DEN HOCHSTEN PREIS around, lightly cleaned, retoning, very rare in silver, plain edge, Unc.

ST. GALLEN: Walter von Trauchburg, 1239-1244, AR pfennig bracteate (0.45g), HMZ-1-474, Berger-2571, Cahn-156, Klein/Ulmer-74, Rutishauser-538, lamb with halo standing left, head right, cross behind, within ring surrounded by pearls, an attractive example, PCGS graded AU53.

SWITZERLAND: Bern, AR medal (4.88g), 1912, Richter-273a, Martin-176, 24mm silver medalet for the Bern Cantonal Shooting Festival in Herzogenbuchsee by Linck for Holy Frères, St. Imier, BERN. / KANTONAL / SCHÜTZENFEST // young boy with crossbow over shoulder riding bear left with "HERGOZENBVCHSEE / 1912" in exergue, toned, plain edge, in original maroon plush box with gold lettering "Berr. Kant. / Schützenfest / H. Buchsee /. 1912 .", less than 250 pieces minted, rare, plain edge, Almost Unc.

SWITZERLAND: Confederation, AR 2 francs, 1940-B, KM-21, a splendid prooflike specimen example! PCGS graded Specimen 67.

SWITZERLAND: Confederation, AR 50 francs, 1987-A, KM-S28, Haberling-31a, Glarus Shooting Festival, struck at the Münze Österreich, Vienna, eagle holding arms of Glarus // standing woman holding rifle and flag, a perfect proof example of this low mintage issue, PCGS graded PF70 Deep Cameo.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 200 hryven, 1996, KM-37, Zahreba-3M.200.1, Outstanding Personalities of Ukraine Series - Taras Shevchenko, equal mintage at both the Münze Österreich, Vienna and the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, PCGS graded PF70 Deep Cameo.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 200 hryven, 1996, KM-38, Zahreba-3M.200.2, Spiritual Treasures of Ukraine Series - Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, struck at the Münze Österreich, Vienna, PCGS graded PF68 Deep Cameo.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 100 hryven, 1997, KM-63, Zahreba-3M.100.1, Spiritual Treasures of Ukraine Series - Kyiv Psalmbook of 1397, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, PCGS graded PF69 Deep Cameo.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 100 hryven, 1998, KM-65, Zahreba-3M.100.2, Spiritual Treasures of Ukraine Series - Aeneid, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, PCGS graded PF69 Deep Cameo. The 'Aeneid' (Eneida) is a burlesque poem in the Ukrainian language, written by Ivan Kotliarevsky in 1798. This mock-heroic poem is considered to be the first literary work published wholly in the Ukrainian vernacular.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 100 hryven, 1998, KM-68, Zahreba-3M.100.3, Spiritual Treasures of Ukraine Series - St. Michael's Golden-Domed Cathedral, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, PCGS graded PF70 Deep Cameo.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 100 hryven, 1998, KM-71, Zahreba-3M.100.4, Spiritual Treasures of Ukraine Series - Kyiv-Pechersk Assumption Cathedral, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, PCGS graded PF69 Deep Cameo.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 50 hryven, 1999, KM-124, Zahreba-3M.50.2, 2000 Years of Christmas - The Nativity, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, PCGS graded PF69 Deep Cameo.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 50 hryven, 2000, KM-125, Zahreba-3M.50.3, 2000 Years of Christmas - Baptizing of Rus, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, PCGS graded PF69 Deep Cameo.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 20 hryvni, 2000, KM-126, Zahreba-3M.20.1, Monuments of Ancient Cultures of Ukraine Series - Paleolithic (Stone) Age, bimetallic issue with 5.74gm gold (.916) center, and 7.8gm silver (.925) ring, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof. A carved Mizyn bracelet made of mammoth tusk is at center; petroglyphic drawings of primitives and the commemorative inscription is on the ring.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 20 hryvni, 2000, KM-127, Zahreba-3M.20.2, Monuments of Ancient Cultures of Ukraine Series - Cucuteni–Trypillia Culture, bimetallic issue with 5.74gm gold (.916) center, and 7.8gm silver (.925) ring, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof. A clay antroph-amorphous statuette from Volodymyrivka is at center; specimens of ware of Trypillia culture and the commemorative inscription is on the ring.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 20 hryvni, 2000, KM-128, Zahreba-3M.20.3, Monuments of Ancient Cultures of Ukraine Series - Pontic Olbia, bimetallic issue with 5.74gm gold (.916) center, and 7.8gm silver (.925) ring, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof. An image of a coin from the Ancient Greek Black Sea colony Olbia-Sarmatia from the 4th century BC, now a village of Parutino in the Mykolayiv District, is at center; within the external ring there is an ornamental pattern and vase painting, which was characteristic for that period.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 10 hryvni, 2001, KM-143, Zahreba-3M.10.1, Rebirth of Ukrainian Statehood Series - 10th Anniversary of Ukrainian Independence, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof. The coin is dedicated to the 10th Anniversary of the Independence Act adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on August 24, 1991.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 20 hryvni, 2001, KM-174, Zahreba-3M.20.5, Monuments of Ancient Cultures of Ukraine Series - Kyivan Rus, bimetallic issue with 5.74gm gold (.916) center, and 7.8gm silver (.925) ring, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof. An Old-Rus feminine adornment is at center; fragments of Kyivan ritual bracelet and the commemorative inscription are on the ring.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 20 hryvni, 2001, KM-175, Zahreba-3M.20.4, Monuments of Ancient Cultures of Ukraine Series - Pontic Scythians, bimetallic issue with 5.74gm gold (.916) center, and 7.8gm silver (.925) ring, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof. A Scythian plate which decorated a female headdress is at center; Scythian animal style depictions and the commemorative inscription are on the ring.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 20 hryven, 2002, KM-153, Zahreba-CM.20.8, Airplanes of Ukraine Series - AN-225 'Mria' Aircraft, contains 2 troy ounces of pure silver, struck the Ukrainian Mint, Kyiv, PCGS graded PF69 Deep Cameo. The Antonov An-225, the world's largest cargo plane known as "Mriya" (The Dream), was destroyed by Russian forces during the 2022 Battle of Antonov Airport in Ukraine, on or about February 27, 2022. The unique aircraft was damaged by Russian missiles while it was undergoing maintenance at the Hostomel airport, a key target in the early stages of the invasion. The destruction of the Ukrainian symbol was confirmed by Ukrainian officials and was seen as a symbolic loss, though the dream of rebuilding the plane to support a strong, free Ukraine was immediately expressed.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 2 hryvni, 2003, KM-178, Zahreba-3M.2.1, The Smallest Golden Coin Series - Salamander, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof. The speckled salamander, in the Caudate amphibious species, is the only type of salamander species in the fauna of Ukraine. It inhabits the mountain and submountain regions of the Carpathian mountains.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 2 hryvni, 2003, KM-178, Zahreba-3M.2.1, The Smallest Golden Coin Series - Salamander, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof. The speckled salamander, in the Caudate amphibious species, is the only type of salamander species in the fauna of Ukraine. It inhabits the mountain and submountain regions of the Carpathian mountains.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 20 hryven, 2003, KM-188, 60th Anniversary of the Liberation of Kyiv, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, contains two troy ounces of pure silver, Proof. The liberation of Kyiv in 1943 was a pivotal event on the Eastern Front of WWII, culminating on November 6, 1943, when the Soviet Red Army, under General Nikolay Vatutin, recaptured the city from Nazi German forces after a fierce struggle as part of the larger Battle of the Dnieper.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 100 hryven, 2003, KM-199, Zahreba-3M.100.5, Spiritual Treasures of Ukraine Series - The Golden Pectoral, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, PCGS graded PF69 Deep Cameo. The Golden Pectoral from Tovsta Mohyla is a gold Scythian collar or pectoral discovered in a burial kurgan at a site called Tovsta Mohyla in modern Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine, in 1971 by the Ukrainian archaeologist Borys Mozolevskyi. The Tovsta Mohyla burial mound, meaning fat barrow, is in present-day southern Ukraine near the city of Pokrov. The Golden Pectoral is now in the Museum of Historical Treasures of Ukraine in Kyiv.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 20 hryven, 2004, KM-226, Spiritual Treasures of Ukraine Series - 190th Anniversary of the Birth of Taras Shevchenko, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, contains two troy ounces of pure silver, Proof. Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko (1814-1861) was a Ukrainian poet, writer, artist, public and political figure, folklorist, and ethnographer. His literary heritage, in particular the poetry collection Kobzar, is regarded to be the foundation of modern Ukrainian literature and to some degree also of the modern Ukrainian language.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 2 hryvni, 2004, KM-227, Zahreba-3M.2.2, The Smallest Golden Coin Series - Stork, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof. The white stork is one of two species of the stork family in the fauna of Ukraine.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 20 hryven, 2004, KM-344, XXVIII Olympic Games - Athens, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, contains two troy ounces of pure silver, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 2 hryvni, 2005, KM-351, Zahreba-3M.2.3, The Smallest Golden Coin Series - Scythian Gold Horseman, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof. This type shows a golden plaque depicting a relief sideview figure of a Scythian horseman, which was found in 1830 during archeological excavations of the Kul-Oba burial mound near the city of Kerch.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 20 hryven, 2005, KM-363, Airplanes of Ukraine Series -'Ruslan' AN-124 Aircraft, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, contains two troy ounces of pure silver, Proof. The Antonov An-124 'Ruslan' is a large, strategic airlift, four-engine aircraft that was designed in the 1980s by the Antonov design bureau in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union (USSR).

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 20 hryven, 2005, KM-369, Ukrainian Heritage Series - Sorotchintzy Fair, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, contains two troy ounces of pure silver, Proof. "Sorotchintzy Fair" is a short story by Nikolai Gogol, the first in his collection Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka, blending Ukrainian folklore, romance, and comedy around a bustling country fair. The plot follows a young man, Grytsko, who falls for a beautiful girl, Paraska, at the fair, but faces obstacles from her mean stepmother, leading him to use local superstitions, including a tale about a demon's red jacket, to win her hand.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 20 hryven, 2005, KM-374, 60th Anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, with holographic logotype Order of the Patriotic War, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with COA of issue, contains two troy ounces of pure silver, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 2 hryvni, 2006, KM-403, Zahreba-3M.2.4, Signs of the Zodiac Series - Aries, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof. A styled image of Aries with stars around it is depicted, and its Sign of Zodiac above it.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 2 hryvni, 2006, KM-404, Zahreba-3M.2.6, Signs of the Zodiac Series - Taurus, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof. A styled image of Taurus with stars around it is depicted, and its Sign of Zodiac above it.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 2 hryvni, 2006, KM-406, Zahreba-3M.2.7, Signs of the Zodiac Series - Gemini, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof. A styled image of Gemini with stars around it is depicted, and its Sign of Zodiac above it.

UKRAINE: Republic, AV 2 hryvni, 2006, KM-408, Zahreba-3M.2.5, The Smallest Golden Coin Series - Hedgehog, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, Proof.

UKRAINE: Republic, AR 20 hryven, 2006, KM-412, 15th Anniversary of the Independence of Ukraine, struck at the Ukrainian mint, Kyiv, with holographic flag, with COA of issue, contains two troy ounces of pure silver, Proof.

VATICAN: Sede Vacante, AV 10 euro, 2013, KM-443, Schön-439, Coat of arms of Camerlengo Tarcisio Bertone, with COA and original deluxe case of issue, Proof

DAHOMEY: Republic, AR 100 francs, 1971, KM-1, Buildings on Lake Ganvié commemorative, hallmark "1000" at lower right of "FRANCS", "1 AR" mintmark at lower left of "FRANCS", a spectacular example, PCGS graded PF68 Deep Cameo.

DAHOMEY: Republic, AR 1000 francs, 1971, KM-4.1, 10th Anniversary of Independence - Somba Woman semi-nude, PCGS graded PF64 Deep Cameo.

DARFUR: Ali Dinar, 1898-1916, BI piastre, AH1327/71, KM-2, much better than usually seen, with more of the design visible than normally found, attractive light tone, PCGS graded EF45, ex The 1914 Collection. Finest graded by PCGS.

EAST AFRICA: George V, 1910-1936, AR shilling, 1925, KM-21, lustrous, NGC graded MS65.

ETHIOPIA: Menelik II, 1889-1913, AR 1/2 birr, EE1889-A (1897), KM-4, Schön-5, nicely toned, especially on reverse, PCGS graded MS63. There is a small crack on front of slab.

MOMBASA: British Colony, AE pice, 1888/AH1306-H, KM-1.3, reddish-brown, nice surfaces, NGC graded Specimen 65BN.

MOMBASA: AR 1/2 rupee (8 annas), 1890-H, KM-4, Imperial British East Africa Company issue, struck at the Heaton Mint, mintage of 10,000 pieces, scarce, an attractive example, PCGS graded MS62.

MOMBASA: British Colony, AR 1/4 rupee, 1890-H, KM-3, wonderfully toned, one-year type, old NGC holder, NGC graded MS64.

SIERRA LEONE: Freetown Colony, AE cent, 1791, KM-1, Sierra Leone Company issue, struck in bronze at the Soho Mint in Birmingham, a wonderful proof quality example! NGC graded Proof 64 BN. The Freetown Colony (1792-1808) was the foundational period for modern Freetown, Sierra Leone, established by the Sierra Leone Company as a settlement for Nova Scotian Black Loyalists and freed American slaves, and later Jamaican Maroons.The 1791 Sierra Leone coins, commissioned by the Sierra Leone Company, were actually struck later, primarily in 1793, by Matthew Boulton's Soho Mint in England, with some proofs struck as late as 1799; the date 1791 signifies the founding of the Company, not the minting date.

SIERRA LEONE: Sierra Leone Company, AE penny, 1791, KM-2.1, one-year type, XF.

SIERRA LEONE: Sierra Leone Company, AR 20 cents, 1791, KM-4, one-year type, toned, a few tiny obverse scratches, mintage of only 5,200 pieces, scarce, XF.

SIERRA LEONE: Sierra Leone Company, AR 10 cents, 1805, KM-3, two-year type, mintage of only 6,100 pieces, scarce, VF.

SOUTH AFRICA: Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, AR 5 shillings, 1892, KM-8.1, Y-7, variety with single shaft on wagon tongue, lightly cleaned, but has retoned nicely, attractive, XF.

SOUTH AFRICA: George V, 1910-1936, AR florin, 1924, KM-18, lovely soft toning, PCGS graded MS64+, ex Heritage Auction 232105, Lot 61561.

SOUTH AFRICA: George V, 1910-1936, AV sovereign, 1927-SA, KM-21, AU, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

ZANZIBAR: Sultan Barghash b. Sa'id, 1879-1888, AR riyal, AH1299 (1882), KM-4, struck at the Royal Belgian Mint in Brussels, PCGS graded EF45.

ARGENTINA: Córdoba, AR 2 soles, La Rioja, 1826, KM-18, Janson-44.3.1, early variety with no assayer P, medallic alignment, clandestine issue (per Janson), PCGS graded EF45.

ARGENTINA: Córdoba, AR 8 reales, 1852, KM-32, Janson-63.1.1, one-year type, PCGS graded AU58 NOTE: We called this MS62 by mistake in the printed catalog. We updated the grade on 5/15/2026 at 8:39am.

ARGENTINA: Republic, AR 50 centavos, 1882, KM-33, lightly toned, NGC graded MS63.

BOLIVIA: Carlos II, 1665-1700, AR 8 reales (25.40g), Potosí (16)89-P, KM-26, Calicó-731, assayer VR, cob issue, two dates, three mintmarks, two assayers, most of cross full, light oxidation, VF. From a shipwreck off the coast of Cornwall, England, possibly the Piedmont (1795).

BOLIVIA: Carlos III, 1759-1788, AR 8 reales, Potosi, 1779-PTS, KM-55, El-19, assayer PR, very lustrous, better date, PCGS graded MS61.

BOLIVIA: Republic, AR 1/4 sol, Potosi, 1852, KM-111, Llama, some orange tone on reverse, one-year type, PCGS graded MS62.

BOLIVIA: Republic, AR proclamation 2 soles, 1853, Burnett-55c, Foundation of La Paz National Mint, PCGS graded AU53. On March 12, 1851, President Manuel Isidoro Belzu, at the request of the Municipal Council of La Paz, decreed the founding of the National Mint of La Paz. The National Mint of La Paz released circulating proclamation coins to celebrate this event in several types and equivalent coin values.Tied with one other example for finest known (Top Pop) at PCGS.

BOLIVIA: Republic, AR 4 soles, La Paz, 1855, KM-130, assayer F, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63.

LOWER CANADA: AE halfpenny token, 1838, KM-Tn15, Br-524, LC-10A3, Bank of Montreal copper "side view" type, plain edge, medal alignment, variety with 11 palings in left fence, environmental damage but still much more attractive than usual for type, PCGS graded AU details.

NEW BRUNSWICK: Victoria, 1837-1867, AE 1/2 cent, 1861, KM-5, a wonderful mint state example with muted cartwheel luster and orange highlights, PCGS graded MS64 BN.

NEW BRUNSWICK: Victoria, 1837-1867, AE cent, 1861, KM-6, attractive dark brown patina, PCGS graded MS63 BN.

NEWFOUNDLAND: Victoria, 1837-1901, AE cent, 1865, KM-1, beautiful orange luster, PCGS graded MS64 RB.

NEWFOUNDLAND: Victoria, 1837-1901, AE cent, 1872-H, KM-1, struck at the Heaton Mint, a superb example with brilliant luster and full original red color, PCGS graded MS65 RD.

NEWFOUNDLAND: Victoria, 1837-1901, AE cent, 1873, KM-1, beautiful orange patina with ample luster, PCGS graded MS64 RB.

NEWFOUNDLAND: Victoria, 1837-1901, AE cent, 1894, KM-1, wonderful orange patina with cartwheel luster, PCGS graded MS64 RB.

NEWFOUNDLAND: Edward VII, 1901-1910, AE cent, 1907, KM-9, a lovely mint state example with sumptuous brown patina, PCGS graded MS63 BN.

NOVA SCOTIA: Victoria, 1837-1867, AE 1/2 cent, 1861, KM-7, a choice mint state example with alluring cartwheel luster, PCGS graded MS64 BN.

NOVA SCOTIA: Victoria, 1837-1867, AE cent, 1861, KM-8.1, variety with large bud (rosebud), lovely orange luster, PCGS graded MS64 BN.

CANADA: 5 dollars, 1898, Pick-S619a, Charlton-550-28-06, Bank of Nova Scotia, signed Payzant, S/N 862924pp C, printed by ABNC Ottawa, a very rare note with few auction records, VF. The Bank of Nova Scotia was formed in 1832, and was made up of a group of merchants and ship owners. With the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the 1880s, the bank established branches in Winnipeg and Minneapolis. Branches were added in Chicago in 1890 and in Boston in 1899. The face design shows an allegorical female figure, a mining scene and a steamship approaching.

CANADA: George V, 1910-1936, AV sovereign, 1911-C, KM-20, S-3997, a pleasing lustrous mint state example, PCGS graded MS62, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

CANADA: George V, 1910-1936, AE cent, 1913, KM-21, a superb red lustrous example! ICCS graded MS65 RD, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

CANADA: George V, 1910-1936, AV 10 dollars, 1914, KM-27, ICCS graded EF40, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

CANADA: George VI, 1936-1952, AR 50 cents, 1947, KM-35, straight 7 variety, a wonderful specimen quality example! ICCS graded Specimen 64, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

CANADA: George VI, 1936-1952, AR dollar, 1948, KM-46, key date, edge nick, lightly toned, ICCS graded EF40, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

CANADA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AV 100 dollars, 1976, KM-116, Summer Olympics Montréal, contains .500 troy ounces of pure gold, surface hairlines, Proof, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

CENTRAL AMERICAN REPUBLIC: AR 8 reales, Guatemala, 1847/6-NG, KM-4, El-107, assayer A, deeply toned, overdate certain, NGC graded EF45.

CHILE: Carlos IV, 1788-1808, AR 8 reales, Santiago, 1802-So, KM-51, Calicó-1037, assayer JJ, deeply toned, PCGS graded EF40.

CHILE: Republic, AR real, Santiago, 1834, KM-91, assayer IJ, volcano, one-year type, moderate hairlines, with traces of original luster, Choice XF.

CHILE: Republic, AR 8 reales, 1839-So, KM-96, assayer IJ, condor breaking chains, faint hairlines, lightly lustrous, a fantastic example of this well-sought-after type, Choice AU.

CHILE: Republic, AR real, 1844-So, KM-94.2, assayer IJ, condor breaking chains, scattered hairlines, multicolored toning, Choice XF.

CHILE: Republic, AR 50 centavos, 1855-So, KM-128, condor with spread wings, hairlines, AU.

CHILE: Republic, AR 20 centavos, 1875-So, KM-138.1, nicely toned, better date, PCGS graded AU58.

CHILE: Republic, AR peso, 1924-So, KM-152.6, wonderful blast white luster, two-year type, in custom "Colección Val y Mexia" holder, a lovely example! NGC graded MS66, ex Lissner Collection.

ECUADOR: Republic, AR 5 francos, Quito, 1858, KM-39, toned, one-year type, NGC graded AU53.

GUYANA: Republic, 8-coin proof set, 1976, KM-PS3, set includes 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 cents, 1 dollar and silver 5, 10 dollars, contains 1.886 troy ounces pure silver, with COA in English and Japanese, and original Franklin Mint slip cover and case of issue, set of 8 coins.

HAITI: Republic, 1825-1849, AR 100 centimes, 1830/AN 27, KM-A23, slight flan crack, a lovely bright lustrous example, wonderful eye appeal, NGC graded MS63.

HONDURAS: Republic, AR peso, 1884, KM-52, a lustrous example, PCGS graded AU55.

MEXICO: Carlos I & Juana, 1516-1555, AR 4 reales (13.58g), Mexico City Mint, assayer O, struck 1542-1555, VF-XF.

MEXICO: Carlos I & Juana, 1516-1555, AR 4 reales (13.74g), Mexico City Mint, assayer O, struck 1542-1555, VF-XF.

MEXICO: Felipe IV, 1621-1665, AR 8 reales (25.18g), 164x(6?)-Mo, KM-45, Sedwick-M19, assayer P, light oxidation, with a few reverse adhesions, likely ex-shipwreck, especially being underweight, nearly full cross, rare, F-VF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection.

MEXICO: Carlos IV, 1788-1808, gilt AE medal (110.16g), 1796, Grove-267a, Fonrobert-6436, 60mm bronze medal by G. A. Gil, for the Inauguration of the Equestrian Statue to Carlos IV ("Caballito") in the Zocalo in Mexico City, conjoined busts of Carlos IV and Maria Luisa right, CAROLO*IV*ET*ALOISIAE*HISP*ET*IND*RR*AA* around, "MARCH.DE.BRANCIFORTE. / NOV.HISP.PROREX.C.F.ET.D.MEX.AN.1796." below // equestrian statue on large pedestal with MICH.LA.GRUA. / BRANCIFORTE. / PROREX.SUAE. / FIDELIT. to left and MARCH.DE. / NOV.HISP. / MEXICANAEQUE. / H.M.P. to right, CAROLO*IV*PIO*BENEF * * HISP*ET * IND*REGI* around, AN.1796. in exergue, attached with loop on edge at 12h, light hairlines, AU-UNC

MEXICO: Augustin I Iturbide, 1822-1823, AR 8 reales, 1822-Mo, KM-304, assayer JM, small obverse punchmarks, one-year type, rare, Choice VF.

MEXICO: Augustin I Iturbide, 1822-1823, AR 8 reales, 1823-Mo, KM-310, Cr-185, assayer JM, small obverse contact marks, a couple small edge defects, two-year type, rare, VF-XF.

MEXICO: Augustin I Iturbide, 1822-1823, AR 8 reales (26.91g), Mexico City, 1823-Mo, KM-310, El-168, assayer JM, type V, lightly cleaned, light peripheral toning, scarce, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.62g), Mexico City, 1824-Mo, KM-A376.2, Hubbard & O'Harrow-MO19A/MR19, D&P-Mo02, assayer JM, Hookneck type, rare variety with chip on cactus pad near foot, multiple light scratches, including "X" in reverse field, soft centers, a few small rim nicks, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. The consignor notes that out of 123 sales by Hubbard and O'Harrow from 1968-99, there were no instances of this variety.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.63g), Mexico City, 1824-Mo, KM-A376.2, Hubbard & O'Harrow-MO18/MR18A, D&P-Mo02, assayer JM, Hookneck type, rare variety, lightly cleaned, starting to retone, a few rim nicks, a few small reverse scratches, weak centers, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. The consignor notes that of all Hubbard & O'Harrow sales from 1968-99, this variety represented only 0.008% of all sales.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.98g), Durango, 1825-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do02, assayer RL, period between REPUBLICA and MEXICANA, no period after MEXICANA, eagle #2, 27 rays, clashed dies on obverse, attempted piercing at 10:00 of reverse, lightly cleaned, cap details weak, rare variety of the scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.86g), Mexico City, 1825-Mo, KM-377.10, D&P-Mo04, assayer JM, several numbers and letters in date and reverse legend recut, rare variety unlisted in D&P, rim nicks, perhaps very lightly cleaned, popular date, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.69g), Durango, 1827-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do04, assayer RL, 32 rays, cactus pad pattern 6/3/2, die style of 1827-29, much scarcer than the earlier die style, reverse contact marks, scarce date/assayer, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.48g), Durango, 1827-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do04, assayer RL, 32 rays, cactus pad pattern 6/3/2, die style of 1827-29, much scarcer than the earlier die style, very lightly cleaned, retoning nicely, scarce date/assayer, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.69g), 1827/6-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go06, assayer MJ, normal matrix (32 rays), old style raptor, unlisted overdate, rare, Fine, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.76g), San Luis Potosi, 1828-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi03, assayer JS, very scarce to rare date/assayer, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales, Guanajuato, 1828-Go, KM-377.8, DP-Go09, assayer MJ, straight "J" variety, cleaned but an attractive example, PCGS graded AU details, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (25.45g), Durango, 1829-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do06, assayer RL, 32 rays, cactus pad pattern 7/3/2, slightly off-center, lightly cleaned, scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.77g), Durango, 1829-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do06, assayer RL, 32 rays, cactus pad pattern 7/3/2, small reverse dig, lightly cleaned, scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.70g), Durango, 1829-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do06, assayer RL, standard cactus and rays, lightly cleaned, just starting to retone, a few tiny scratches, scarce date/assayer, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.74g), Durango, 1829-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do06, assayer RL, 32 rays, standard cactus pad pattern, somewhat crude, scarce date/assayer and difficult to obtain in this grade, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.27g), Durango, 1829-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do06, assayer RL, standard cactus and rays, somewhat crude, some reverse contact marks, toned, scarce date/assayer and difficult to obtain in this grade, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.70g), Durango, 1829-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do06, assayer RL, standard cactus and rays, somewhat crude, scarce date/assayer, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.04g), Durango, 1829-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do06, assayer RL, standard cactus and rays, somewhat crude, a couple reverse scratches, probably lightly cleaned, scarce date/assayer, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.16g), 1829-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go11, assayer MJ, die style of 1829-30, doubled die reverse, a few small reverse scratches, somewhat soft centers, better grade than usually encountered, very light attractive tone, XF-AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.40g), Durango, 1830-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do07, assayer RM, reverse superscripts, crude letter punches, die style of 1830-32, very rare combination, obverse scratches, many small contact marks, nicely toned, scarce date/assayer, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.93g), San Luis Potosi, 1830-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi05, assayer JS, lightly cleaned, a few rim nicks, scarce date/assayer, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.88g), 1831-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go12, assayer MJ, variety with straight J, two stars and 1 period after date, small obverse rim nick, scarce and popular variety, Choice XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. It has been suggested that the two stars might indicate a Masonic connection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.93g), 1831-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go12, assayer MJ, variety with full J, three periods after date, small dig near date, very scarce variety, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.39g), 1831-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go12, assayer MJ, variety with straight J, two stars and 1 period after date, toned, standard 32-ray matrix, standard cactus, scarce and popular variety, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. It has been suggested that the two stars might indicate a Masonic connection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.24g), 1831-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go12, assayer MJ, variety with straight J, two stars and 1 period after date, deeply toned, standard 32-ray matrix, scarce and popular variety, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. It has been suggested that the two stars might indicate a Masonic connection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.56g), 1831-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go12, assayer MJ, variety with straight J, two stars and 1 period after date, toned, standard 32-ray matrix, standard cactus, a couple small reverse rim nicks, scarce and popular variety, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. It has been suggested that the two stars might indicate a Masonic connection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.19g), 1831-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go12, assayer MJ, variety with full J, three periods after date, small reverse rim nick, very scarce variety, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.68g), 1831-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go12, assayer MJ, variety with full J, three periods after date, small obverse scratch, very scarce variety, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.91g), Guadalajara, 1832-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga10, assayer FS, weak centers, very lightly cleaned, S in assayer over another letter (P?), scarce date/assayer, especially in high grades, medal alignment, XF-AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.98g), Guadalajara, 1832-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga10, assayer FS/LP, possible overdate, especially in view of there being the overassayer, lightly cleaned, somewhat weak eagle, scarce date/assayer, medal alignment, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.31g), 1832-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do09, assayer RM, "Mexican Dies" (style of 1830-32), B on eagle's claw, C/C in REPUBLICA, rare, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (25.79g), 1832-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do09, assayer RM, "Mexican Dies" (style of 1830-32), B on eagle's claw, C/C in REPUBLICA, rare, Fine, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.45g), 1832-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do09, assayer RM, "Mexican Dies" (style of 1830-32), B on eagle's claw, C/C in REPUBLICA, somewhat weak rims, rare, Fine, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.00g), Guadalajara, 1833-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga11, assayer FS, lightly cleaned, retoning, weak centers, scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.86g), Guadalajara, 1833-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga11, assayer FS, lightly cleaned, weak centers, scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.05g), Guadalajara, 1833-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga11, assayer FS, toned, the reverse is speckled, weak centers, scarce date/assayer, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.99g), San Luis Potosi, 1834/3-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi09, assayer JS, toned, a few minor obverse spots below eagle's tail, very rare overdate, XF-AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.93g), San Luis Potosi, 1834-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi09, assayer JS, double struck (rare), rotated in collar, light tone, somewhat scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.73g), San Luis Potosi, 1834-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi09, assayer JS, double struck (rare), rotated in collar, small spots on reverse, small flan flaw on cap, somewhat scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.85g), San Luis Potosi, 1834-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi09, assayer JS, double struck, rotated in collar, small reverse spots, long-tailed eagle, somewhat scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.98g), San Luis Potosi, 1834-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi09, assayer JS, broken beak eagle (beak repaired, rare variant), somewhat scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.89g), San Luis Potosi, 1834-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi09, assayer JS, a few tiny scratches, toned, long-tailed eagle, somewhat scarce date/assayer, XF-AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.92g), San Luis Potosi, 1834/3-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi09, assayer JS, large cud at bottom of cap, edge reverses, lightly toned, centers are a bit soft, somewhat scarce date/assayer, very rare overdate, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.7g), San Luis Potosi, 1834-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi09, assayer JS, weak centers, long-tailed eagle, somewhat scarce date/assayer, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.23g), 1835/4-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do12, assayer RM/L, overdate certain, crested raptor, small obverse rim bump, small central planchet flaw, toned, scarce variety, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.68g), Chihuahua, 1836-Ca, KM-377.2, D&P-Ca07, assayer AM, a few obverse contact marks, very scarce date/assayer, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.93g), Chihuahua, 1836-Ca, KM-377.2, D&P-Ca07, assayer AM, closed 6, small flan, cleaned, starting to retone, very scarce date/assayer, F-VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.96g), San Luis Potosi, 1837-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi12, assayer JS, J/J on assayer, bobtailed eagle, somewhat scarce date/assayer, medal alignment, elusive in this grade, XF-AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.94g), Guadalajara, 1837/6-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga16, assayer JG/FS, overdate certain, soft centers, nicely toned, medal alignment, scarce date/assayer, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.97g), San Luis Potosi, 1838-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi13, assayer JS, long-tailed eagle, tiny clip (edged through), scarce date/assayer, very scarce to rare in this grade, AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.02g), Guadalajara, 1838-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga17, assayer JG, lightly toned, die rust on both sides, very scarce date/assayer and underrated according to D&P, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.77g), Guanajuato, 1839-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go21, assayer PJ, very rare PJ P/J overassayer, sometimes noted as PJ/JJ, a couple light scratches in obverse field, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.26g), Guanajuato, 1839-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go21, assayer PJ, lightly cleaned, very rare PJ P/J overassayer, sometimes noted as PJ/JJ, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.57g), 1839/1-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do16, assayer RM, long-crested raptor, toned, scarce variety, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.80g), 1839/1-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do16, assayer RM, misaligned obverse die, crested raptor, toned, somewhat scarce, VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.03g), Guanajuato, 1840/30-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go22, assayer PJ, lightly toned, reverse die rust, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.59g), 1841/31-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do18, assayer RM, edge dies mismatched, lightly toned, old dies reworked, crested raptor, scarce overdate, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.93g), 1842/1-Do, KM-377.4, D&P-Do19, assayer RM/M, 4/4/3 in date, die style of 1832-42, medal alignment, crested raptor, light peripheral tone with narrow toning streak on reverse, a few small reverse scratches, very scarce variety (unlisted), XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.88g), San Luis Potosi, 1842-Pi, KM-377.12, D&P-Pi17, assayer JS, ray matrix pattern #2, toned, small flan, attractive, scarce date/assayer (scarcer than PS assayer), XF-AU, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. The I superscript on the mintmark is very high and has a mark to the left of it that looks like an effaced and misplaced I.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.98g), Guanajuato, 1844-Go, KM-377.8, D&P-Go27, assayer PM, eagle #2 (rings on legs, long beak), cap #2 (center ray), snake #2 (open mouth with tongue), least common pairing, lightly cleaned, starting to retone, Choice VF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.99g), Guadalajara, 1845-Ga, KM-377.6, D&P-Ga27, assayer JG, lightly cleaned, rare to very rare date/assayer, very few survive this nice, XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (27.25g), Guadalupe y Calvo, 1845-GC, KM-377.7, D&P-GC02, assayer MP, rare mule with first-style obverse (square tailed eagle) with second-style reverse (peaked cap), weak cap details, unevenly toned, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. In 1844, a government mint was erected at Guadalupe y Calvo to strike coinage from the locally discovered Rosario silver vein. The mint was closed in 1850.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales (26.99g), Guadalupe y Calvo, 1846-GC, KM-377.7, D&P-GC03, assayer MP, second die style of 1845-1846, tiny obverse rim nick, lightly cleaned, but with nice album toning, scarce date/assayer, VF-XF, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. In 1844, a government mint was erected at Guadalupe y Calvo to strike coinage from the locally discovered Rosario silver vein. The mint was closed in 1850. This type is usually poorly struck on defective planchets, but this example is well struck for the mint.

MEXICO: Maximiliano, 1864-1867, AV 20 pesos, Mexico City, 1866-Mo, KM-389, Fr-62, Grove-5445, bust of the emperor right // crowned imperial arms on top of crossed swords, flanked by griffins, the only denomination in gold issued by Maximilian, a lovely lustrous mint state example of this extremely popular type, PCGS graded MS63. On an interesting historical fact, Emperor Maximilian gave a 20 peso gold coin to each member of his firing squad before his execution on June 19, 1867, in Querétaro, Mexico. He reportedly did this as a traditional gesture, asking them to aim for his chest rather than his head so his face would remain recognizable for his mother.

MEXICO: Maximiliano, 1864-1867, AR peso, Mexico City, 1866-Mo, KM-388.1, toned, two-year type, PCGS graded AU55.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales, 1876/4-Mo, KM-377.10, DP-Mo61, assayer BH, boldly struck obverse, lovely and lustrous, PCGS graded MS62, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. The single finest graded example (Top Pop) at PCGS.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales, Guadalajara, 1877/6-Ga, KM-377.6, DP-Ga59, assayer JA, an attractive lustrous example, PCGS graded MS62, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales, Zacatecas, 1878-Zs, KM-377.13, DP-Zs63, assayer JS, a superb lustrous example, PCGS graded MS62, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 8 reales, San Luís Potosí, 1879-Pi, KM-377.12, DP-Pi65, assayer MH, a bright lustrous example, PCGS graded MS61, ex Bob "Swamperbob" Gurney Collection. Tied with one other example for highest graded (Top Pop) at PCGS.

MEXICO: Republic, AR 5 centavos, 1888-Ca, KM-398.1, a superb lightly toned lustrous example! PCGS graded MS65. The sole finest graded example (Top Pop) at PCGS.

MEXICO: Revolutionary Issue, lead centavo, Durango, 1914, KM-627a, GB-112, stars below date, decent surfaces with traces of luster, scarcely found in such condition, NGC graded AU55, ex The 1914 Collection.

MEXICO: Revolutionary Issue, AE 5 Centavos, Aguascalientes, 1915, KM-604.2, GB-17, horizontally shaded 5, reeded edge variety, a bold lustrous example, PCGS graded MS63 BN, ex Richard A. Long. The single finest example on the PCGS population report (Top Pop).

MEXICO: Revolutionary Issue, AV 20 pesos, Oaxaca, 1915, KM-753, Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca Provisional issue, Benito Juarez facing left, variety with unfinished lapels, lightly cleaned, PCGS graded AU details.

MEXICO: Estados Unidos, AV 50 pesos, 1923, KM-481, Fr-172, "Centenario" type, a beautiful example with ample golden luster, PCGS graded MS63.

MEXICO: AE Order of the Aztec Eagle, Plaque (Placa) class, breast star, Order of the Aztec Eagle (Orden Mexicana del Águila Azteca), AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Mexican Order of the Aztec Eagle forms part of the Mexican Honors System and is the highest Mexican order awarded to foreigners. It was created by decree on December 29, 1933, by President Abelardo L. Rodríguez as a reward for the services given to Mexico or humankind by foreigners. Its naming is partially taken from the Imperial Order of the Mexican Eagle, which was created by Maximilian I of Mexico on January 1, 1865. There is some design similarity of the order with the coat of arms of Mexico, particularly the golden eagle holding a rattlesnake, which is associated with the Aztec civilization.A disc with a five-pointed star and five inner points, in the center of which is a turquoise enamel circle, surmounted in gold by the Aztec eagle of Cuauhtémoc. It is awarded to undersecretaries or deputy ministers of state, chargés d'affaires, consuls general, brigadier generals, rear admirals, vice admirals, and those of equivalent rank.

MEXICO: Estados Unidos, AR 2 onzas, 1999-Mo, KM-614, "Libertad" Series, contains 2 troy ounces of pure silver, PCGS graded MS68.

MEXICO: Estados Unidos, AR 5 pesos, 2000, KM-632, Millennium Series - Águila y Serpientes, PCGS graded PF69 Deep Cameo.

PARAGUAY: Republic, AR peso, 1889, KM-5, lightly cleaned, one-year type, XF.

PERU: Carlos III, 1759-1788, AR 8 reales, 1761, KM-A64.2, Yonaka-L6-61, assayer JM, Pillar type, variety with dot over only one mintmark, a couple light score marks from the planchet preparation, pleasing light tone, scarce date/variety, VF-XF.

PERU: Carlos III, 1759-1788, AR 8 reales, 1761-LM, KM-A64.1, Yonaka-L8-61a, assayer JM, Pillar type, lightly cleaned, variety with dots above each "L" in mintmark, VF-XF.

PUERTO RICO: Alfonso XIII, 1886-1931, AR 40 centavos, 1896, KM-23, initials PGV, lightly cleaned, some peripheral toning, one-year type, XF.

UNITED STATES: Louis XV, 1715-1774, AR petit Louis d'argent (1/3 ecu), Paris, 1720-A, KM-455.1 (France), Gadoury-305, John Law issue, 1st semester, crowned L's on reverse, beautiful multicolored tone, PCGS graded MS63. Tied for second finest graded by PCGS.This type was used extensively in Louisiana and Canada. John Law's Bank Generale was taken over by the French government in January 1719 and was renamed the Bank Royale. Law remained in charge, however, and the crown further guaranteed the bank's note issue. In May he obtained control of the companies trading with China and the East Indies. He renamed his entire business interest the Compagnie des Indes, but most people simply called it the Mississippi Company. In effect, Law now controlled all trade with France and the rest of the world outside of Europe. The Company next purchased the right to mint new coins for France, and by October it had purchased the right to collect most French taxes. In January 1720, Law became the Controller General and Superintendent General of Finance. Wild inflation came about, and a financial collapse was the result, known today as the Mississippi Bubble.

UNITED STATES: AE halfpenny, 1781, CCT-AM-5A, Breton His-1013, NORTH AMERICAN TOKEN above seated figure Hibernia holding a seven-stringed harp // COMMERCE above sailing ship left, PCGS graded VF35. Like many pieces that circulate alongside official coinage, the 1781 North American Token leaves several questions open. Who ordered it, where it was struck, and why it was produced remain debated. Most surviving examples show evidence of use, but when and where they circulated is part of the broader dating debate. Some research record finds in New England and near the Canadian border. Other studies suggest the tokens were struck in Dublin in the early 1800s and later entered North American trade. The Charlton Canadian catalog asserts that the token was produced in Dublin in 1825, and that it was backdated to 1781. The practical motive is that a backdated date could avoid Canadian import duties on later struck tokens, easing entry into circulation. They were widely used in Canada and areas of the United States near the Canadian border.

UNITED STATES: AE 1/2 cent, 1809, KM-41, Classic Head type, PCGS graded EF40, ex Robert A. Rosenfeld Collection.

UNITED STATES: AE cent, 1848, KM-67, Braided Hair type, an attractive nearly mint state example, PCGS graded AU58, ex Robert A. Rosenfeld Collection.

UNITED STATES: AV 1/4 dollar, 1853, 11.5mm, California Gold token round, Indian type, 11 Stars, wreath 5, dated 1853, NGC graded AU55.

UNITED STATES: AV 1/4 dollar (0.31g), 1854, BG-108, California Fractional Gold, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63 ex Coin Galleries Auction November 10, 1992, Lot 4446, with original auction tag.

UNITED STATES: AV dollar, 1856, KM-86, Indian Head, Type 3, slanted 5 variety, PCGS graded AU53.

UNITED STATES: AV 1/4 dollar (0.26g), 1871, BG-839, California Fractional Gold, a pleasant mint state example, PCGS graded MS62.

UNITED STATES: AV dollar (0.71g), 1871, BG-1109, California Fractional Gold, with old International Numismatic Society (INSAB) Certificate, cleaned, PCGS graded Unc details.

UNITED STATES: AV 1/4 dollar (0.29g), 1871, BG-839, California Fractional Gold, mount removed, PCGS graded AU details, ex Coin Galleries Auction November 10, 1992, Lot 4454, with original auction tag.

UNITED STATES: AV dollar, 1874, KM-86, Indian Head, Type 3, cleaned, PCGS graded AU details.

UNITED STATES: AR dollar, 1881-CC, KM-110, Morgan type, attractive satin luster, altered surfaces, PCGS graded Unc details.

UNITED STATES: 5 cents, 1883, KM-96, Shield type, an attractive nearly mint state example, PCGS graded AU58, ex Robert A. Rosenfeld Collection.

UNITED STATES: AV 20 dollars, 1902-S, KM-74.3, Liberty Head type, XF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

UNITED STATES: AE cent, 1909, KM-132, Lincoln type, VDB variety, a fantastic red lustrous example! PCGS graded MS66 RD, ex Robert A. Rosenfeld Collection.

UNITED STATES: AV 10 dollars, 1910, KM-130, Indian Head type, harshly cleaned, PCGS graded AU details.

UNITED STATES: AR dollar, 1927, KM-150, Peace type, brilliant lustrous fields, light scratch, PCGS graded Unc details.

UNITED STATES: AR 25 cents, ND (1964), Pollock-5389, Indian Chief and sailing ship design, an example of the DuPont test piece in silver-clad alloy, prepared for the Government's consideration, PCGS graded MS63. This coin has an Indian Chief design above OHI--YESA. The reverse has a ship in full sail with the legend TREASURE ISLAND DOUBLOON. Apparently part of the DuPont testing for a suitable alloy, in this case silver bonded to a copper core and certainly similar to the "clad" Kennedy half dollars issued from 1965 to 1970.

UNITED STATES: AR sheriff's badge (15.93g), 38mm star-shaped silver sheriff's badge hand carved from a Mexico 8 reales dated 1895 from the Hermosillo Mint, assayer FG, with pin back added, VF, RRR. The style of this sheriff's badge would indicate it was likely issued and used in Arizona Territory as the Hermosillo Mint was located in the Mexican state of Sonora just across the border from Arizona Territory and was the closet mint at that time to the Territory.

UNITED STATES: AR medal (50.77g), 1865, Julian-AM-3, Forrer III, 483, 51mm silver award medal of the American Institute, New York by R. Lovett, Liberty seated left, with Phrygian cap on spear, holding a wreath with U. S. shield surmounted by an eagle, and with cornucopia, spinning wheel, sheaf of wheat, caduceus, and ship behind and at sides with AMERICAN INSTITUTE around and NEW YORK in exergue // AWARDED TO / (engraved in cursive script) "F. W. Bacon & Co. / for the best / Lathe for / Brass Work. / 1865.", all within laurel wreath, lightly cleaned at one time, starting to retone, plain edge, XF-AU.

UNITED STATES: white metal medal, 1892, Eglit-36A, 59mm white metal medal for the World's Columbian Exposition by W. Boldenweck & Co., DISCOVERY OF AMERICA at top with Columbus, soldiers and natives admiring depiction of The Crucifixion, with three ships at upper left, and banner inscribed "October 1492" below, with scene of arrival of the Mayflower below all and DEC. 1620 / LANDING OF THE PILGRIMS at bottom // "SIGNING OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE / JULY 4th 1776" at top with signing scene below and outstretched eagle on stars and stripes shield with banner behind inscribed "WORLD'S - COLUMBIAN - EXPOSITION, 1892 - 1893" in field below, Columbus bust left and Washington bust right, both busts three-quarters, and CHICAGO. at bottom, slight bend, W. BOLDENWECK & CO. on edge, a wonderful lustrous specimen quality example! PCGS graded Specimen 64.

UNITED STATES: aluminum medal, 1892, HK-222a, Eglit-51, 35mm, "So-Called Dollar" for the 1892 World's Columbian Exposition, Liberty Head // scene of Columbus landing in the Americas, deeply reflective fields with blazing luster, PCGS graded PF65 Deep Cameo.

UNITED STATES: AE medal, 1904, Kreuger-18, Forrer VI:427, H-30-90, 75x66mm bronze award medal for the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis, Missouri by Adolph Alexander Weinman; Columbia holds US flag behind her with Louisiana at side and radiant sunrise behind with VNIVERSAL EXPOSITION - SAINT LOVIS VNITED STATES OF AMERICA around and M.C.M.IV in exergue, all on central medallion on stars and stripes shield // spread eagle with head left and 2 dolphins below with central cartouche inscribed GRAND PRIZE / LOVISIANA PVRCHASE / EXPOSITION, all on medallion on stars and stripes shield, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63. Adolph A. Weinman would go on to design the very popular Mercury Dime and the Walking Liberty Half Dollar.

UNITED STATES: AR medal, 1909, 51mm silver medal by Emil Fuchs for the Hudson-Fulton Celebration; DISCOVERY OF HUDSON RIVER BY HENRY HUDSON / A. D. MDCIX / THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY / HUDSON FULTON CELEBRATION COMM. around Navigator Henry Hudson on deck of ship Halve Maene with sailors, HALVE MAENE either side of small ship below, and E. FUCHS at sailors feet // "ROBERT FULTON / 1765 1815" below his bust within laurel wreath, seated figures of Navigation, Invention and History with center figure holding model of Robert Fulton's North River Steamboat, E. FUCHS on base, in exergue "FIRST USE OF STEAM IN NAVIGATION / ON THE HUDSON RIVER / 1807", on edge STERLING - WHITEHEAD-HOAG, a pleasing mint state example with original case of issue! PCGS graded MS62. Celebrating both the 300th anniversary of Henry Hudson’s discovery of the Hudson River and the 100th anniversary of Robert Fulton’s first successful commercial application of the paddle steamer by Engineer and Steamboat Builder Robert Fulton.

UNITED STATES: CALIFORNIA: AR medal (30.00g), 1915, Shevler-Hyder-18.1, HK-399, silver medal by R.I. Aitken for the Medallic Art Co. and struck in the Expo grounds: two robed female figures representing North and South America supporting cornucopias above a globe centered on Panama // standing figure of Mercury, nude, holding caduceus and opening lock-gates for a Viking longboat, Unc. Issued at the Expo to celebrate the completion and operning of the Panama Canal.

UNITED STATES: AE medal, 1928, 101mm bronze medal by Julio Kilenyi for the 200th Anniversary of the Saturday Evening Post; mature bust of Benjamin Franklin facing left, on stippled field, KILENYI at right // high-rise headquarters building, COMMEMORATING THE / 200TH ANNIVERSARY / THE SATURDAY / EVENING POST / FOUNDED BY / BENJAMIN FRANKLIN; on left and right, "1728" and "1928", struck by Whitehead and Hoag, a lovely quality example of this scarce and popular medal! PCGS graded MS63.

UNITED STATES: AV medalet (2.49g), 1976, 18mm unsigned gold medalet for the Bicentennial of the United States, bust of George Washington three-quarters left with FIRST / PRESIDENT in left field and GEORGE / WASHINGTON in left field, and ".500 FINE GOLD" on lower bust // eagle preparing for flight on outcropping to right with "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BICENTENNIAL - 1776-1976" around, prooflike, plain edge, Choice Unc.

VENEZUELA: War of Independence, AE 1/4 real, Caracas, 1812, Cr-22, Republican issue, environmental damage, NGC graded Fine details.

VENEZUELA: Fernando VII, 1808-1821, AR 2 reales, Caracas, 1818, Cr-6.2, assayer BS, Royalist issue without pearls variety, castle upper left, cleaned, PCGS graded VF details.

VENEZUELA: Hacienda Araguata, 1/4 real, 1867, Rulau-Ven 18a, Ulex-2644, brass issue of Hacienda Araguata, ATANASIO / BELLO / ARAGNATA // monkey seated on tree limb three-quarter right with "VALE ¼ REAL - 1867" around, lustrous, NGC graded MS65.

VENEZUELA: Republic, AR 5 bolivares, 1936, Y-24.2, struck at the United States Mint, Philadelphia, aligned three, normal date type, a superb mint state example! PCGS graded MS65.

AUSTRALIA: Victoria, 1837-1901, AV sovereign, 1873-S, KM-6, VF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

AUSTRALIA: Victoria, 1837-1901, AV sovereign, 1877-M, KM-7, XF.

AUSTRALIA: Victoria, 1837-1901, AV sovereign, 1877-S, KM-6, VF-XF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

AUSTRALIA: George V, 1910-1936, AV sovereign, 1925-S, KM-29, a lustrous example, Unc.

AUSTRALIA: Elizabeth II, 1952-2022, AV 100 dollars, 1996, KM-342, Australian Gold Nugget Bullion Series - Kangaroo, struck at the Perth mint, contains 1 troy ounce pure gold, BU, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

GILBERT & ELLICE ISLANDS: 1 shilling, Fanning Island, ND (1942), SB1-541b, Fanning Island Plantations Ltd, left half of one pound note, value in blue, PCGS graded VF25. Fanning Island is today known as "Tabuaeran" and is part of Kiribati. In 1942 an American army task force moved onto the island and the soldiers rapidly absorbed the available supply of Australian currency in circulation. A quantity of approximately 3,000 bank notes were ordered (printed in Honolulu) by coconut plantation manager R. G. Garrett, to alleviate the shortage of cash. The notes were later cut in half and used as theater and cinema tickets with the left half of the cut note having a hand written value of 1 shilling (1/-) while the right half became a 2 shilling (2/-) value.

GILBERT & ELLICE ISLANDS: 2 shillings, Fanning Island, ND (1942), SB1-541b, Fanning Island Plantations Ltd, right half of one pound note, value in red, PCGS graded VF25. Fanning Island is today known as "Tabuaeran" and is part of Kiribati. In 1942 an American army task force moved onto the island and the soldiers rapidly absorbed the available supply of Australian currency in circulation. A quantity of approximately 3,000 bank notes were ordered (printed in Honolulu) by coconut plantation manager R. G. Garrett, to alleviate the shortage of cash. The notes were later cut in half and used as theater and cinema tickets with the left half of the cut note having a hand written value of 1 shilling (1/-) while the right half became a 2 shilling (2/-) value.

KEELING-COCOS ISLANDS: John S. Clunies-Ross, 1910-1944, 2 rupees token, 1913, KM-Tn6, round plastic "ivory" token, KEELING COCOS ISLANDS around emblem, "1910" below // "276 / R.2 / J.S CLUNIES ROSS / 1913", NGC graded VF30.

WASHINGTON & FANNING ISLAND: 1 dollar token, ND, TC-106332, N-419911, 38mm aluminum token, CHECK with ornaments above and below with WASHINGTON & FANNING / ISLANDS around // "GOOD FOR / $1.00", with ornaments in fields, variety with rounded letters G and O in GOOD FOR, plain edge, likely struck circa 1910, with flan streaks and field marks as usual, XF. Pierre Joseph Emmanuel Rougier (Father Rougier) acquired a large sum of money in what was known as the Cecille Affair in 1906, and soon afterwards left Fiji and acquired plantation interests at Fanning, Washington and Christmas Islands. In 1907, after obtaining Cecille's fortune, Rougier bought both Fanning Island and Washington Islands for £25,000 and opened a warehouse type store. He had struck 1 dollar, 50 cent, 25 cent and 12½ cent tokens for the native workers who then could spend them only at his store. These tokens were likely ordered and struck in the United States due to the style of manufacture.Rougier, being known as Abbé Rougier, resided in Tahiti and became a prominent figure there in the business and cultural worlds. As he did not live on Fanning or Washington Island, it was necessary to produce tokens; consequently, he did not to have to keep large amounts of cash on hand to pay workers each month. In October 1911, Rougier sold both islands to a Canadian syndicate for £70,000. The Islands are now part of the Republic of Kiribati and known as Tabuaeran (Fanning) and Teraina (Washington) islands.

WASHINGTON & FANNING ISLAND: 1 dollar token, ND, TC-106332, N-419911, 38mm aluminum token, CHECK with ornaments above and below with WASHINGTON & FANNING / ISLANDS around // "GOOD FOR / $1.00", with ornaments in fields, variety with square-cornered letters G and O in GOOD FOR, plain edge, likely struck circa 1910, with flan streaks and field marks as usual, XF. Pierre Joseph Emmanuel Rougier (Father Rougier) acquired a large sum of money in what was known as the Cecille Affair in 1906, and soon afterwards left Fiji and acquired plantation interests at Fanning, Washington and Christmas Islands. In 1907, after obtaining Cecille's fortune, Rougier bought both Fanning Island and Washington Islands for £25,000 and opened a warehouse type store. He had struck 1 dollar, 50 cent, 25 cent and 12½ cent tokens for the native workers who then could spend them only at his store. These tokens were likely ordered and struck in the United States due to the style of manufacture.Rougier, being known as Abbé Rougier, resided in Tahiti and became a prominent figure there in the business and cultural worlds. As he did not live on Fanning or Washington Island, it was necessary to produce tokens; consequently, he did not to have to keep large amounts of cash on hand to pay workers each month. In October 1911, Rougier sold both islands to a Canadian syndicate for £70,000. The Islands are now part of the Republic of Kiribati and known as Tabuaeran (Fanning) and Teraina (Washington) islands.

AFGHANISTAN: Habibullah, 1901-1919, AE paisa, AH1333, KM-964, two-year type, NGC graded AU50 BN, ex The 1914 Collection. Finest graded at both NGC and PCGS.

AJMAN: Rashid Bin Hamad al-Naimi, 1928-1981, AR 7½ riyals, 1970/AH1389, KM-5, Wildlife Series - Bonefish, PCGS graded MS67.

BHUTAN: Ugyen Wangchuk, 1907-1926, AE 1/2 rupee (deb), ND (1910-26), KM-16, Period IV type, Buddhist symbols either side, an attractive example of this scarce type, NGC graded AU55 BN, ex SARC Auction 53 Lot 3684, ex The 1914 Collection.

BHUTAN: Ugyen Wangchuk, 1907-1926, AE 1/2 rupee, ND (1910-27), KM-19a, much red, nice coloration, period IV type, PCGS graded MS62 BN, ex SARC Internet Auction 31 Lot 685; ex Bronny Collection 60.39 C2 (this example), ex The 1914 Collection. Finest graded by PCGS.

BHUTAN: Ugyen Wangchuk, 1907-1926, AR 1/2 rupee (deb), ND (1910-16), KM-19var, Buddhist symbols in different arrangement on both sides than KM-plate coin, moderate oxidation (environmental damage), PCGS graded AU details, ex The 1914 Collection.

BRITISH NORTH BORNEO: George V, 1910-1936, 5 cents, 1928-H, KM-5, better date, a lovely example! NGC graded MS66.

BRUNEI: brass cannon money (729g), 19th to early 20th century, SS-60, Opitz p.100, known as meriam kecil in Malay, comprising a 175mm-long barrel with a 10mm caliber, decorated with two protruding fish, used as currency in Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak and other parts of Southeast Asia, Choice VF. These miniature cannons were made of various metals including bronze, brass, copper, and iron, and were actually fired on important occasions such as weddings and the birth of children. Valued by weight at $25-30 a picul, they were used extensively for a multitude of purposes, such as the barter of goods, bride price, payment of fines and the purchase of slaves (a slave being valued in piculs of brass guns). With the introduction of coins, these cannons gradually fell out of use. Many were also melted down during World War II, which accounts for their rarity today.

BRUNEI: brass cannon money (719g), SS-59, Opitz p.100, bedil lapis type, 232mm-long (11mm caliber), plain except for some floral decorations, used as a practical hand-held weapon and as currency in Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak and other parts of Southeast Asia, VF-XF, ex Jürgen M. Wilmes Collection. These miniature cannons were made of various metals including bronze, brass, copper, and iron, and were actually fired on important occasions such as weddings and the birth of children. Valued by weight at $25-30 a picul, they were used extensively for a multitude of purposes, such as the barter of goods, bride price, payment of fines and the purchase of slaves (a slave being valued in piculs of brass guns). With the introduction of coins, these cannons gradually fell out of use. Many were also melted down during World War II, which accounts for their rarity today.

BRUNEI: brass cannon money (474g), SS-59, Opitz p.100, bedil lapis type, 182mm-long (12mm caliber), with three fish-shaped aims, used as a practical hand-held weapon and as currency in Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak and other parts of Southeast Asia, Choice VF, ex Jürgen M. Wilmes Collection. These miniature cannons were made of various metals including bronze, brass, copper, and iron, and were actually fired on important occasions such as weddings and the birth of children. Valued by weight at $25-30 a picul, they were used extensively for a multitude of purposes, such as the barter of goods, bride price, payment of fines and the purchase of slaves (a slave being valued in piculs of brass guns). With the introduction of coins, these cannons gradually fell out of use. Many were also melted down during World War II, which accounts for their rarity today.

BRUNEI: brass cannon money (1997g), 19th to early 20th century, SS-59, Opitz p.100, known in Malay as rentaka, comprising a 380mm-long barrel (17mm caliber), plain except for a single diamond-shaped symbol, attached with a swivel handle underneath, used as a practical hand-held weapon and as currency in Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak and other parts of Southeast Asia, VF, ex Jürgen M. Wilmes Collection. These miniature cannons were made of various metals including bronze, brass, copper, and iron, and were actually fired on important occasions such as weddings and the birth of children. Valued by weight at $25-30 a picul, they were used extensively for a multitude of purposes, such as the barter of goods, bride price, payment of fines and the purchase of slaves (a slave being valued in piculs of brass guns). With the introduction of coins, these cannons gradually fell out of use. Many were also melted down during World War II, which accounts for their rarity today.

BURMA: Mindon, 1853-1878, AV 2 mu 1 pe, CS1228 (1866), KM-20, struck in Mandalay, mythical lion (chinthe) left, an excellent example of this rare type, NGC graded AU58.

CAMBODIA: Ang Duong, 1840-1860, AE att (2.12g), CS1208 (1847), KM-1, hamsa bird left, date above, uniface, PCGS graded VF25.

CAMBODIA: Ang Duong, 1840-1860, AE att (2.29g), CS1208 (1847), KM-1, hamsa bird left, date above, uniface, rich glossy brown patina, PCGS graded VF20.

CAMBODIA: Ang Duong, 1840-1860, AR 4 fuang (1/4 tical) (5.31g), ND (ca. 1847), KM-27, hamsa bird left, uniface, environmental damage, PCGS graded VF details, RR. This is among the largest and heaviest "hamsa" bird-types we have encountered.

CAMBODIA: Norodom I, 1860-1904, AE 10 centimes, 1860, Bruce-XE3, Lec-20 Essai, Daniel-P82a, E. below chin, struck at the Brussels Mint, mintage of only 250 pieces, rare, PCGS graded Specimen 64 BN. The "1860" Series is dated for Norodom I's accession but actually was first struck in 1875 in Belgium, with later restrikes in Cambodia, and business strikes of the 5 and 10 centimes in Heaton. There exist six to thirteen metal and striking varieties for each denomination: "regular", essai (normal and proof), piefort, off-metal strikes, and Cambodian restrikes are the main categories. The silver were intended as largesse issues, with one series of light-weight restrikes for the 1899 cremation of the Queen Mother. The regular and restrike silver did circulate, and repeat orders were given to the Heaton Mint for circulation strikes of the 5 and 10 centimes.

CAMBODIA: Norodom I, 1860-1904, AR franc, 1902, Lec-111, Gad-17, Daniel-P85g, souvenir issue, mintage of only 250 pieces, with lightly frosted devices on prooflike fields, light hairlines, rare, NGC graded MS63. Minted and sold at the Hanoi Exposition in 1902-3.

CAMBODIA: Norodom I, 1860-1904, AR 25 centimes, 1902, Lec-106, Gad-106, Daniel-P83g, souvenir issue, mintage of only 250 pieces, rare, satiny luster, NGC graded MS63. Minted and sold at the Hanoi Exposition in 1902-3.

CAMBODIA: Sisowath, 1904-1927, AR medal (16.87g), 1905, Lec-127, unsigned silver medal for the King's Mother, Préa Voréachini, temple with "S.M. SISOWATH ROI DU CAMBODGE RECONNAISSANT À SA MÈRE PRÉA VORÉACHINI - 1905" around // Cambodian arms with Cambodian legend around, lightly toned with golden fringes, scratch on holder on obverse, NGC graded MS63+.

CEYLON (DUTCH): AE 2 stuiver (27.29g), Galle, 1789-G, KM-30, Scholten-1337, Netherlands East India Company issue, VOC monogram, G above, 2 S below // Western date above Sinhalese i 2 ("2 stuivers"), wonderful brown patina, accompanied by collector's information card, XF, ex Anton Holt Collection.

CEYLON: George III, 1760-1820, AE 1/96 rixdollar, 1802, KM-74, Pr-86, elephant left, struck at the Soho Mint, Birmingham, by Matthew Boulton, a superb proof quality example! PCGS graded PF65 BN. In 1802 Ceylon was made a British Crown Colony, and, by the Treaty of Amiens with France, British possession of maritime Ceylon was confirmed.

CEYLON: George III, 1760-1820, AE 2 stivers, 1815, KM-82, Prid-90, a lovely red and brown lustrous example! PCGS graded MS64 RB. This is a stunning example in a remarkable state of preservation; only two examples are graded higher at PCGS and only one is tied with this grade, so it is among the top four graded with PCGS.

CEYLON: George III, 1760-1820, AE 1/2 stiver, 1815, KM-80, Pr-92, elephant left, a pleasing mint state example, PCGS graded MS62 BN. An Order in Council dated April 1, 1814 authorized a silver and copper coinage for Ceylon to the extent of 10,000 rixdollars in silver and 200,000 rixdollars in copper. The silver coinage was to consist of one denomination and the copper coinage of five. On December 1, 1814, the Royal Mint, London, received orders from the Treasury to strike the coinage. For the copper coinage, although dies were prepared by Thomas Wyon for a ¼ stiver, only three denominations, the 2, 1 and ½ stiver were struck for circulation. The metal for this Ceylon coinage was obtained from demonetized English halfpence. All coins struck bear the date 1815.

CEYLON: brass token, ND (1866), Prid-52, Lowsley-1, K. D. & Co. monogram // East Indiaman three-masted sailing ship, within a beaded circle inside a raised rim, a wonderful lustrous example! PCGS graded MS64. These brass tokens valued at 4½ pence were struck in London and issued in 1866 by the company founded in 1854 by Simon Keir, who was a planter in 1850 with partners G. H. Dundas and Captain John Keith Jolly. The company was a large enterprise of estate agents, general merchants and forwarding agents with an office on Kings Street, Kandy, Ceylon. Struck for the Smallpass Mills, Colombo.

EGYPT: Jeweler's Issues, AV 4 ducat (9.57g), 40mm jeweler's light weigh imitation of an Austrian 4 ducat of Franz Joseph; MEDALLION FOR EGYPTIAN LADIES A around bust of Austrian emperor // MEDALLION FOR EGYPTIAN LADIES A around Austrian imperial eagle, dated 1913 (sic), with mount, a very unusual item likely made in the 1920s, XF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

EGYPT: Fuad I, King, 1922-1936, AE millieme, 1932/AH1351, KM-344, Heaton Mint specimen issue struck at the Kings Norton Metal Company, a fantastic quality example! PCGS graded Specimen 66 RB, ex King's Norton Mint Collection.

EGYPT: Fuad I, as King, 1922-1936, AR 20 piastres, 1933/AH1352, KM-352, very nice light peripheral tone, very lustrous, two-year type, PCGS graded MS63.

EGYPT: AE medal, 1948, 49mm; Centenary of the Death of Ibrahim Pasha (1789-1848): bearded bust left wearing tasseled fez, ibrahim basha at left in Arabic // in Arabic, a listing of his battle victories: Siege of Diriyah in Arabia 1818, Siege of Missolonghi in Greece 1826, Siege of Acre in the Levant 1832, Battle of Nezib in Turkey 1839, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63.

FRENCH COCHINCHINA: French Colony, AR 20 cents, Paris, 1884-A, KM-6, attractive deep tone, key date of the two-year type, NGC graded MS62.

FRENCH INDOCHINA: French Colony, AR 20 cents, 1895-A, KM-3, beautifully dappled peripheral toning, old soapbox white holder, ANACS graded MS64.

FRENCH INDOCHINA: French Colony, AR piastre, Paris, 1896-A, KM-5a.1, Daniel-7c, lightly toned, NGC graded MS61.

FRENCH INDOCHINA: French Colony, AR piastre, Paris, 1899-A, KM-5a.1, dark blotch on reverse, toned, better date, NGC graded AU58.

FRENCH INDOCHINA: French Colony, AE centime, Paris, 1914-A, KM-12.1, just short of full red, NGC graded MS65 RB, ex The 1914 Collection. Tied for finest graded at NGC and PCGS.

FUJEIRA: Muhammad b. Hamad al-Sharqi, 1952-1974, AR 10 riyals, 1970/AH1389, KM-19, Apollo XIII Mission, NGC graded PF68 Ultra Cameo. Apollo 13 was the seventh crewed mission in the Apollo space program and would have been the third Moon landing. The craft was launched from Kennedy Space Center on April 11, 1970, but the landing was aborted after an oxygen tank in the service module exploded two days into the mission, disabling its electrical and life-support system. The crew, supported by backup systems on the Apollo Lunar Module, instead looped around the Moon in a circumlunar trajectory and returned safely to Earth on April 17.

BORNEO: Lin Tian Gongsi, tin cash (6.95g), ca. 1780-1825, Millies--, Yih & de Kreek--, Zeno--, Chinese legends lin tian gong si (lim tian kong si in Hakka) // two interlocking diamonds to left and right, unpublished and extremely rare, Choice VF. Lin Tian Kongsi was established ca. 1780 by Chinese miners from Montrado in western Borneo. In 1825 it was forced to join the He Shun federation and abandon its name. While coins bearing the name of this gongsi are well known, none are known with the diamond design on the present example. The same pattern also appears on the reverse of membership tokens of the Golden Coin Society, a later Chinese secret society active in Zhejiang and Fujian active 1858-62 (see our Auction 51, Lot 1531). It is unclear whether there is a connection between these two types or that the similarity is purely coincidental.

BORNEO: Lin Tian Gongsi, tin heavy cash (13.38g), ca. 1780-1825, Millies-260, Yih & de Kreek-22 (NC 1993), cf. Zeno-224987, Chinese legends lin tian gong si (lim tian kong si in Hakka) // zheng li (zang lip), light surface roughness, extremely rare, VF. Lin Tian Kongsi was established ca. 1780 by Chinese miners from Montrado in western Borneo. In 1825 it was forced to join the He Shun federation and abandon its name.

JAVA: AR rupee, 1750, KM-170, Scholten-452, United East India Company (VOC) issue, Arabic inscriptions ila jazirah / jawa al-kabir ("for the great island of Java") // dirham min / kampani / walandi ("dirham of the Dutch Company"), lightly lustrous with dark toning, NGC graded AU55.

SRIVIJAYA: SET of 5 gold coins, ca. 11th-13th century, cf. Mitch SEA-715-17, all with sandalwood flower pattern on one side, and Devanagari letter ma on the other, weighing 2.23g, 1.20g, 0.56g, 0.28g, and 0.16g respectively, all in VF, lightly cleaned; set of 5 coins.

IRAN: Nasir al-Din Shah, 1848-1896, AV toman (2.88g), Tehran, ND, KM-932, facing bust of Nasir al-Din // his name & titles within wreath, undated & without the denomination, lustrous AU, R.

IRAN: Nasir al-Din Shah, 1848-1896, AV 5000 dinars (1.43g), Tehran, ND, KM-, Musavi p.42, #16 (same dies), facing bust of Nasir al-Din // his name & titles within wreath, undated & without the denomination, boldly lustrous Unc, RRR. There are several small die breaks towards the rim on the obverse, which suggest that the die failed at an early stage and never produced specimens for circulation.

IRAN: Muzaffar al-Din Shah, 1896-1907, AR 5000 dinars, AH1320, KM-976, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63. Struck at the St. Petersburg Mint in Russia, with initials AA and G in Cyrillic of the engraver A. A. Grilikhes at the bottom of the reverse ribbons.

IRAN: Muzaffar al-Din Shah, 1896-1907, AR 5000 dinars, AH1320, KM-976, a lovely lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS63, ex Bowers & Ruddy Auctions, "The Austin Collection", May-June 1974, Lot 01646, with original auction ticket. Struck at the St. Petersburg Mint in Russia, with initials AA and G in Cyrillic of the engraver A. A. Grilikhes at the bottom of the reverse ribbons.

IRAN: Muzaffar al-Din Shah, 1896-1907, AV 1/2 toman (1.48g), Tehran, AH1314, KM-987, date divided by the left front paw of the lion; lots of original luster, Choice AU, RR.

IRAN: Sultan Ahmad Shah, 1909-1925, AR shahi sefid (white shahi), AH1332, KM-1032, well struck for these, brilliantly lustrous, NGC graded MS65, ex The 1914 Collection. Tied for finest graded by both NGC and PCGS.

IRAN: Sultan Ahmad Shah, 1909-1925, AR 500 dinars (10 shahis, 1/2 kran), AH1332, KM-1054, light original toning, better date, NGC graded MS65, ex The 1914 Collection. Tied for finest graded by both NGC and PCGS.

IRAN: Sultan Ahmad Shah, 1909-1925, AV 2000 dinars (1/5 toman), AH1332, KM-1070, Fr-83, nice luster, key date, NGC graded MS63, ex SARC Auction 44 Lot 2419, ex The 1914 Collection. Tied for finest graded at both NGC and PCGS.

IRAN: Sultan Ahmad Shah, 1909-1925, AV 5000 dinars (1/2 toman), AH1332, KM-1071, lustrous, NGC graded MS63, ex SARC Auction 44 Lot 1093, ex The 1914 Collection. Tied for finest graded at both NGC and PCGS.

IRAN: Sultan Ahmad Shah, 1909-1925, AV 5000 dinars (1/2 toman), AH1333, KM-1071, Fr-85, lustrous, NGC graded MS63, ex Goldberg Auction 122 Lot 1861, ex The 1914 Collection. Tied for second finest graded at NGC.

IRAN: Sultan Ahmad Shah, 1909-1925, AV toman, AH1332, KM-1073, Fr-84var, lustrous, mule with unadopted pattern reverse die, NGC graded MS63, ex The 1914 Collection.

IRAN: Sultan Ahmad Shah, 1909-1925, AV toman, AH1332, KM-1074, Fr-84, very lustrous with clean fields, NGC graded MS65, ex The 1914 Collection. Finest graded at both NGC and PCGS.

IRAN: Sultan Ahmad Shah, 1909-1925, AV toman, AH1333, KM-1074, Fr-84, lustrous, boldly struck, NGC graded MS62, ex Heritage Auction 3004 Lot 21640, ex The 1914 Collection. Tied for second finest graded at NGC.

IRAN: Sultan Ahmad Shah, 1909-1925, AR 5 toman, AH1332 year 1, KM-1075var, off-metal strike in silver, original tone, extremely rare, NGC graded AU58, ex Heritage Auction 3004 Lot 21640, ex The 1914 Collection.

IRAN: Ahmad Shah, 1909-1925, AV 5000 dinars (1/2 toman), Tehran, AH1330, KM-1067, lion & sun within wreath // ruler's name within wreath, NGC graded MS63.

IRAN: Ahmad Shah, 1909-1925, AV 1/5 toman, AH1343 year 33, KM-1070. Fr-83, 4 over second 3 in date, lustrous, NGC graded MS64, ex Kian Collection, ex The 1914 Collection. Finest graded by both NGC and PCGS.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV 1/4 pahlavi, SH1333, KM-1160a, earlier version of the 1/4 pahlavi, smaller and thicker, BU.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV 1/4 pahlavi, SH1337, KM-1160a, BU.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV 1/4 pahlavi, SH1347, KM-1160a, BU.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV 1/4 pahlavi, SH1349, KM-1160a, BU.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV 1/2 pahlavi, SH1353, KM-1161, BU.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV 1/2 pahlavi, SH1353, KM-1161, BU.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV pahlavi, SH1337, KM-1163, Unc.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV pahlavi, SH1350, KM-1163, BU.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV pahlavi, SH1351, KM-1163, BU.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV 1/4 pahlavi, SH1355, KM-1198, with the additional Shah's title aryamehr, BU.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV 1/4 pahlavi, SH1358, KM-1198, with the additional Shah's title aryamehr, last issue in the name of the shah, actually struck in advance for the New Year's Day, but the revolution was completed a few weeks before the end of SH1357, BU.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV 1/4 pahlavi, SH1358, KM-1198, with the additional Shah's title aryamehr, last issue in the name of the shah, actually struck in advance for the New Year's Day, but the revolution was completed a few weeks before the end of SH1357, BU.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV 1/4 pahlavi, SH1358, KM-1198, with the additional Shah's title aryamehr, last issue in the name of the shah, actually struck in advance for the New Year's Day, but the revolution was completed a few weeks before the end of SH1357, BU.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV 1/2 pahlavi, SH1355, KM-1199, with the additional Shah's title aryamehr, BU.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV pahlavi, SH1358, KM-1200, with the additional Shah's title aryamehr, last issue in the name of the shah, actually struck in advance for the New Year's Day, but the revolution was completed a few weeks before the end of SH1357, BU.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV 2½ pahlavi, SH1355, KM-1201, Unc, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV 10 pahlavi (81.36g), MS2536 (1977), KM-1212, 50mm, commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Reza Pahlavi, struck in 0.900 fine gold, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV octagonal medal (AGW 4.44g), MS2535 (1976) (21mm) 50th Anniversary of the Pahlavi Empire: conjoined busts of Muhammad Reza Shah & his father Reza Shah // Bank Melli building, stamped .900 fine, Proof.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV octagonal medal (AGW 4.44g), MS2535 (1976) (21mm) 50th Anniversary of the Pahlavi Empire: conjoined busts of Muhammad Reza Shah & his father Reza Shah // Bank Melli building, stamped .900 fine, Proof.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV octagonal medal (2.50g), MS2535 (1976) (16mm) 50th Anniversary of the Pahlavi Empire: conjoined busts of Muhammad Reza Shah & his father Reza Shah // Bank Melli building, stamped .900 fine, Proof.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV octagonal medal (2.50g), MS2535 (1976) (16mm) 50th Anniversary of the Pahlavi Empire: conjoined busts of Muhammad Reza Shah & his father Reza Shah // Bank Melli building, stamped .900 fine, Proof.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV round medal (5.01g), MS2535 (1976) (21mm) 50th Anniversary of the Pahlavi Empire: conjoined busts of Muhammad Reza Shah & his father Reza Shah // Bank Melli building, stamped .900 fine, Proof.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV round medal (2.50g), MS2535 (1976) (16mm) 50th Anniversary of the Pahlavi Empire: conjoined busts of Muhammad Reza Shah & his father Reza Shah // Bank Melli building, stamped .900 fine, Proof.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV round medal (2.50g), MS2535 (1976) (16mm) 50th Anniversary of the Pahlavi Empire: conjoined busts of Muhammad Reza Shah & his father Reza Shah // Bank Melli building, stamped .900 fine, Proof.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV round medal (2.50g), MS2535 (1976) (16mm) 50th Anniversary of the Pahlavi Empire: conjoined busts of Muhammad Reza Shah & his father Reza Shah // Bank Melli building, stamped .900 fine, Proof.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV round medal (2.50g), MS2535 (1976) (16mm) 50th Anniversary of the Pahlavi Empire: conjoined busts of Muhammad Reza Shah & his father Reza Shah // Bank Melli building, stamped .900 fine, Proof.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AV medal (20g), MS2536 (1977), 32mm gold medal, for the 18th Birthday of Crown Prince Cyrus Reza; conjoined busts of Farah Diba, Cyrus Reza and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi // emblem of the National Bank and text.900 fine gold at bottom, PCGS graded PF69 Deep Cameo. Medallic issue struck on the standard of 2½ pahlavi.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AR medal (40.00g), SH1346, 45mm, crown within ornamental field, legend below honoring the Shah and the Queen Farah // five scenes of education and industry within hexafoil, marked STERLING SILVER 925/1000 on the edge; in original box with legend in both Farsi and cuneiform, Choice AU, R.

IRAN: Muhammad Reza Shah, 1941-1979, AR medal (40.00g), SH1346, 45mm, crown within ornamental field, legend below honoring the Shah and the Queen Farah // five scenes of education and industry within hexafoil, marked STERLING SILVER 925/1000 on the edge; in original box with legend in both Farsi and cuneiform, Choice AU, R.

IRAN: Islamic Republic, AV 1/4 azadi, SH1358, KM-1238, first issue, with the longer legend avalin bihar-e azadi, BU.

IRAN: Islamic Republic, AV 1/4 azadi, SH1358, KM-1238, first issue, with the longer legend avalin bihar-e azadi, BU.

IRAN: Islamic Republic, AV 1/2 azadi, SH1358, KM-1239, first issue, with the longer legend avalin bihar-e azadi, BU.

IRAN: Islamic Republic, AV 1/2 azadi, SH1358, KM-1239, first issue, with the longer legend avalin bihar-e azadi, BU.

IRAN: Islamic Republic, AV 1/2 azadi, SH1358, KM-1239, first issue, with the longer legend avalin bihar-e azadi, BU.

IRAN: Islamic Republic, AV azadi, SH1358, KM-1240, first issue, with the obverse phrase ivalin bihar-e azadi ("first spring of freedom"), BU.

IRAN: Islamic Republic, AV azadi, SH1364, KM-1248.2, second issue, with the obverse phrase bihar-e azadi ("spring of freedom"); sealed in a folder by the Kashani Company, BU.

IRAN: Islamic Republic, AV 1/2 azadi, SH1370, KM-1250.2, second issue, with the short legend bihar-e azadi, sealed in a folder by the Pasargar Company, BU.

IRAN: Islamic Republic, AV 1/2 azadi, SH1370, KM-1250.2, second issue, with the short legend bihar-e azadi, BU.

IRAN: Islamic Republic, AV 1/2 azadi, SH1370, KM-1250.2, second issue, with the short legend bihar-e azadi, BU.

IRAN: Islamic Republic, AV azadi, SH1374, KM-1264, third issue, with the bust of the Ayatollah Khomeini, BU.

IRAN: Islamic Republic, AV azadi, SH1375, KM-1264, third issue, with the bust of the Ayatollah Khomeini, sealed in a folder by the Salman Gallery Company, BU.

IRAN: Islamic Republic, AV azadi, SH1382, KM-1264, third issue, with the bust of the Ayatollah Khomeini, sealed in a folder by the Asal Company, BU.

IRAN: Islamic Republic, AV 1/4 azadi, SH1366, KM-1265, first issue, with the shorter legend bihar-e azadi, BU.

IRAN: Islamic Republic, AV 1/4 azadi, SH1370, KM-1265, first issue, with the shorter legend bihar-e azadi, BU.

IRAQ: Faisal I, 1921-1933, 4 fils, 1933/AH1352, KM-97, a fantastic example for this type with satiny luster on both sides, PCGS graded MS63. The single finest example at PCGS (Top Pop: 1/0).

IRAQ: Faisal II, 1939-1958, AR 50 fils, 1953/AH1372, KM-114, lovely strike, rare type, AU, R.

IRAQ: Faisal II, 1939-1958, AR 50 fils, 1953/AH1372, KM-114, excellent strike, rare type, Choice XF, R.

IRAQ: Kingdom, AE order, Order of the Two Rivers (Wisam al-Rafidain), Knight (Faris) class, with ribbon of the civil division, with original British Garrard Company Ltd., London case of issue, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Order of the Two Rivers was an Order that was instituted by King Faisal I of the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq. It was named after the two rivers, the Euphrates and Tigris, that flow through the middle of the country. It was initially awarded by the kings of Iraq between 1922 when the monarchy was established, and 1958 when the monarchy ended. It had five classes and two divisions (military and civil). It is nscribed al-mamlikat al-'iraqiya at top obverse ("Kingdom of Iraq") and hubb al-watan min al-aymân ("patriotism from trust") below on obverse, and is gilt and enameled. "Hubb al-watan" literally means "love of the country," i.e., "patriotism." With date AH1340 on reverse.

IRAQ: Republic, 7-coin mint set, 1959/AH1379, privately issued first coin set of the Republic of Iraq, with 1 fils, 5 fulus, 10 fulus, AR 25 falsan, AR 50 falsan, AR 100 fils, and medallic AR 500 fils of General Abdul Karim Kassem; all Unc to Choice Unc, all housed in an attractive locally made acrylic display case inside red paper sleeve; set of 7 coins.

IRAQ: Republic, AE 5 dinars, 1990/AH1411, KM-171, Schön-77, "Victory Arch" Monument in Baghdad above palm tree, a lovely mint state example for type! PCGS graded MS63 Red. Rare issue not released into circulation and struck at the Sudan Mint House, Khartoum.

IRAQ: Republic, AE 5 dinars, 1990/AH1411, KM-171, Schön-77, "Victory Arch" Monument in Baghdad above palm tree, a lovely mint state example for type! PCGS graded MS63 RB. Rare issue not released into circulation and struck at the Sudan Mint House, Khartoum.

JAPAN: "AV" kin kwan (33.2g), ND (ca. 2000 BC-400 AD), Opitz-pg.280; Munro-pg. 5, 34 mm, "Gold Ring Money" gilt copper ring, with about 3 places on the edge where the copper base is boldly visible, VF-XF, R. Various forms of ring money were used in Eastern Asia including Japan for at least 2,500 years; usually made of hollow copper with a thin layer of gold (kin) or silver (gin) applied to the outside surfaces; an intriguing piece which is sure to delight the advanced collector of Japanese numismatics or primitive money.

JAPAN: Kammu, 781-806, AE mon (3.1g), H-1.20, JNDA-122.23, ryuhei eiho, large flan, cast 796-818, graded 86 by CAG (Ceres Appraisal Guarantee Co.), VF-XF. Japan stopped producing its own national currency in 958 due to severe economic issues, including hyperinflation, the drastic debasement of the coins' value, and a widespread loss of confidence in the monetary system. The final issue, called Kengen Taiho, was of extremely low quality, leading the government to abandon the currency system in favor of a return to a barter economy based on rice and cloth. The Japanese goverment did not produce its own coins again for roughly 500 years.

JAPAN: Daigo, 897-930, AE mon (2.5g), H-1.67, JNDA-122.48, engi tsuho, small flan, cast 907-57, graded 'Genuine' by CAG (Ceres Appraisal Guarantee Co.), natural casting defect on edge, VG.

JAPAN: Genbun, 1736-1741, AV bu (3.3g), H-8.42, Kiri crests at top and bottom, ichi bu at center // characters for the mint official and his signature, era name at upper right, in .653 fine gold, struck 1736-1818, graded VF+ by Ceres CAG Grading Company, VF-XF.

JAPAN: Genbun, 1736-1741, AV bu (3.26g), Edo Mint, H-8.42, JNDA-09-37, struck 1819-28, fan-shaped kiri crest above and below, ichi bu at center // Mitsutsugu signature, bun in standard script at upper right, four small banker's marks on reverse, one more each on left and right edge, lightly polished, VF.

JAPAN: Genbun, 1736-1741, AV bu (3.26g), Edo Mint, H-8.42, JNDA-09-37, struck 1819-28, fan-shaped kiri crest above and below, ichi bu at center // Mitsutsugu signature, bun in standard script at upper right, one small banker's mark on obverse and two on reverse, three more on edge, lightly polished, VF.

JAPAN: Genbun, 1736-1741, AR mameita-gin (3.40g), H-9.42, JNDA-09-66, so-called "bean money", Daikoku, the God of Wealth, on both sides with character bun within, struck 1736-1818, XF-AU.

JAPAN: Meiwa, 1764-1772, AR 5 momme (17.89g), H-9.70, Cr-10, JNDA-09-46, wavy symbol between a pair of solid and dotted lines on top, moji gin gomonme below on a raised field // joze, hereditary official of the silver mint of the Tokugawa family, on raised field, rims with wave pattern, struck 1765-68, with JNDA certificate of authenticity, PCGS graded AU55. These pieces were also called the Tanuma Go Momme Gin. Tanuma was Chief of the Palace Bureau and he authorized the production of this issue. He proclaimed that silver ornaments for personal use were a luxury and they should be confiscated for the purpose of making silver coin. The 5 momme silver was first issued in September 1765 at a rate of 12 pieces being the equivalent of 60 momme of silver. The Gomonme-gin silver coin carried the fixed denomination of "5 monme," and money changers, who had been earning profits from fluctuations of exchange rates in the market, strongly objected to the use of these coins, as the ratio was lower than the market price. As a result, the coin was not welcomed and mostly stayed on the counters of the money exchanges.

JAPAN: Bunsei, 1818-1830, AV bu (3.23g), Edo Mint, H-8.43, JNDA-09-38, struck 1819-28, fan-shaped kiri crest above and below, ichi bu at center // Mitsutsugu signature, bun in grass script at upper right, VF-XF.

JAPAN: Bunsei, 1818-1830, AV bu (3.22g), Edo Mint, H-8.43, JNDA-09-38, struck 1819-28, fan-shaped kiri crest above and below, ichi bu at center // Mitsutsugu signature, bun in grass script at upper right, lightly cleaned, Choice VF.

JAPAN: Bunsei, 1818-1830, AR mameita gin (6.51g), Edo Mint, H-9.42, Cr-8a.2, JNDA-09-67, Daikoku (God of Wealth) standing facing, holding 'uchide no kozuchi' (golden mallet) and sack of rice // Daikoku, standing facing, holding golden mallet and sack of rice; bun in Kanji on both sides, struck 1820-37, XF-AU.

JAPAN: Tenpo, 1830-1844, AE coin tree, Cr-7, tenpo tsuho type 100 mon coin money coin tree comprising 15 coins on branches with central casting spur, crudely made as not yet finished at the mint, a very interesting Japanese money tree, XF.

JAPAN: Tenpo, 1830-1844, AV bu (2.82g), Edo Mint, H-8.44, JNDA-09-39, struck 1837-58, fan-shaped kiri crest above and below, ichi bu at center // Mitsutsugu signature, po at upper right, faint scattered marks, AU.

JAPAN: Tenpo, 1830-1844, AV bu (2.78g), Edo Mint, H-8.44, JNDA-09-39, struck 1837-58, fan-shaped kiri crest above and below, ichi bu at center // Mitsutsugu signature, po at upper right, lightly cleaned, XF.

JAPAN: Tenpo, 1830-1844, AR chogin (161.92g), Edo Mint, H-9.50, Cr-9b, JNDA-09-68, stamped with Daikoku (God of Wealth) six times, with character po stamped at both ends, struck 1837-58, with JNDA Certificate of Authenticity, VF-XF. The chogin were various silver ingots shaped like a sea cucumber, which did not have a face value and were valued by weight. This was the same for the mameita gin of various sizes as well. These types were stamped with the Japanese era name at the time of manufacture.

JAPAN: Tenpo, 1830-1844, AR chogin (133.21g), Edo Mint, H-9.50, Cr-9b, JNDA-09-68, stamped with Daikoku (God of Wealth) six times, with character po stamped at both ends, struck 1837-58, with JNDA Certificate of Authenticity, stain at center but a well-struck high quality example, VF-XF. The chogin were various silver ingots shaped like a sea cucumber, which did not have a face value and were valued by weight. This was the same for the mameita gin of various sizes as well. These types were stamped with the Japanese era name at the time of manufacture.

---------------- LOT WITHDRAWN ---------------- JAPAN: Man'en, 1860-1861, AV oban (112.44g), H-8.13, Cr-24a.2, JNDA-09-11, vertical inscriptions of weight and signature written with black ink with four paulownia circle seals at top, bottom, left, and right // paulownia circle seal top center, paulownia in hexagon and circle at center and circle seal of Kao signature at lower-center, with three circle seals of Mint control characters at lower-left reading Noshime, struck 1860-62 at the Edo or Kyoto Mints, a pleasant lightly toned mint state example! PCGS graded MS61

JAPAN: Bunkyu, 1861-1864, bronzed lead 50 mon (30.09g), Akita, Dewa Province, H-6.2, JNDA-139.15, do zan shi ho ("Copper Mine Universal Treasure") // kyu ni / go ju ( kyu second year, value fifty), F-VF. The 50 and 100 mon were issued by the Akita clan of the Dewa Province between 1862 and 1864.

JAPAN: Bunkyu, 1861-1864, bronzed lead 100 mon (60.59g), Akita, Dewa Province, H-6.3, JNDA-139.15, do zan shi ho ("Copper Mine Universal Treasure") // to hyaku kyu ni ("value one hundred, Bunkyu second year"), very attractive for this normally crude type, Fine. The 50 and 100 mon were issued by the Akita clan of the Dewa province between 1862 and 1864.

JAPAN: Bunkyu, 1861-1864, lead 100 mon (175.14g), Hosokura Mint, Mutsu Province, H-6.8, JNDA-140.17, 60mm, legend hosokura to hyaku, with official's signature on reverse, cast in the 4th year of the Bunkyu era (1864), VF. Made by the Sendai clan at the Hosokura Mint in Mutsu province. It is said that because it was so heavy and inconvenient to carry, a smaller 10 mon piece was made, but this has not been recorded.

JAPAN: Bunkyu, 1861-1864, AE 100 mon (41.01g), Akita mint, Dewa Province, H-7.1, JNDA-139.12, Akita Nami Sen (Akita wave coin), twenty-one waves // incuse akita stamped below, usual mint adjustment marks, VF. Although originally valued at 100 mon, their lack of popularity eventually depreciated the value. The wave design shares the same design as the common Kanei Tsuho cash coins with the waves at the back. These were cast with copper from the Aniyama Mine.

JAPAN: Keio, 1865-1868, lead 200 mon (125.47g), Yonezawa, Dewa Province, H-6.37, JNDA-139.14, square flan, atai ni hyaku (value two hundred) // sanju shi momme (thirty-four momme), light scratches, VF. These lead coins were minted in Yonezawa in Dewa Province, probably around 1866. At this time, the Samurai class found their occupation gone, and in many cases were in great distress. A society was formed under local government supervision to give them aid, and these coins were issued to them.

JAPAN: Keio, 1865-1868, lead 200 mon (125.47g), Yonezawa, Dewa Province, H-6.38, JNDA-139.13, atai ni hyaku (value two hundred), sei san kyoko (Production Bureau) at right // sanju shi momme (thirty-four momme), light scratches, VF. These lead coins were minted in Yonezawa in Dewa Province, probably around 1866. At this time, the Samurai class found their occupation gone, and in many cases were in great distress. A society was formed under local government supervision to give them aid, and these coins were issued to them.

JAPAN: Keio, 1865-1868, lead 200 mon (129.09g), Yonezawa, Dewa Province, H-6.38, JNDA-139.13, 47 x 53mm, sei san kyoko (Production Bureau) to right, ka / ni hyaku ("value 200 ") above and below // san ju yon momme ("[weight of] 34 momme"), VF. These lead coins were minted in Yonezawa in Dewa Province, probably around 1866. At this time, the Samurai class found their occupation gone, and in many cases were in great distress. A society was formed under local government supervision to give them aid, and these coins were issued to them.

JAPAN: Keio, 1865-1868, lead 200 mon (135.53g), Yonezawa, Dewa Province, H-6.38, JNDA-139.13, seisankyoku (Production Bureau) at right, ka-nihyaku atop and below central square // sanjuyon-monme indicating weight in Japanese measurements, F-VF. These lead coins were minted in Yonezawa in Dewa Province, probably around 1866. At this time, the Samurai class found their occupation gone, and in many cases were in great distress. A society was formed under local government supervision to give them aid, and these coins were issued to them.

JAPAN: Keio, 1865-1868, lead 200 mon (120.95g), Yonezawa, Dewa Province, H-6.38, JNDA-139.13, seisankyoku (Production Bureau) at right, ka-nihyaku atop and below central square // sanjuyon-monme indicating weight in Japanese measurements, scratches, F-VF. These lead coins were minted in Yonezawa in Dewa Province, probably around 1866. At this time, the Samurai class found their occupation gone, and in many cases were in great distress. A society was formed under local government supervision to give them aid, and these coins were issued to them.

JAPAN: Keio, 1865-1868, lead 200 mon (128.88g), Yonezawa, Dewa Province, H-6.38, JNDA-139.13, atai ni hyaku (value two hundred), sei san kyoko (Production Bureau) at right // sanju shi momme (thirty-four momme), Fine. These lead coins were minted in Yonezawa in Dewa Province, probably around 1866. At this time, the Samurai class found their occupation gone, and in many cases were in great distress. A society was formed under local government supervision to give them aid, and these coins were issued to them.

JAPAN: Morioka Domain, AR 8 momme (30.30g), ND (1868), H-9.92, KM-52, JNDA-09-73, "Morioka Ginban" type, hatchi momme at center, counterstamped kai (revised) in circle, and yu (finance) six times // yama for Yamagata Province, and yu (finance) six times, struck in 1868 to fund the Morioka clan war chest, with JNDA Certificate of Authenticity, XF. This type was struck from silver produced from the Kosaka Mine and minted from March to August 1868 at the rate of about 150 pieces per day. Due to the many surviving pieces that are in good quality, it is likely that they were in circulation for a very short time, or found only very limited circulation during the brief Boshin War.

JAPAN: Meiji, 1868-1912, AR 20 sen, year 3 (1870), Y-3, JNDA-01-20, variety with shallow scales, lustrous, two-year type, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66.

JAPAN: Meiji, 1868-1912, AR 50 sen, year 3 (1870), Y-4, JNDA-01-13, very lustrous, key date of the two-year type, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66.

JAPAN: Meiji, 1868-1912, AE 2 sen, year 8 (1875), Y-18.1, JNDA-01-45, a wonderful mostly red lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS64 RB.

JAPAN: Meiji, 1868-1912, AR yen, year 38 (1905), Y-A25.3, JNDA-01-10A, lustrous, NGC graded MS64.

JAPAN: Taisho, 1912-1926, AV 20 yen, year 3 (1914), Y-40.2, Fr-53, very pleasing coloration and minimal marks, PCGS graded MS65, ex The 1914 Collection.

JAPAN: Taisho, 1912-1926, AR yen, year 3 (1914), Y-38, JNDA-01-10A, amazing white luster with just a few hints of toning, one-year type, NGC graded MS65, ex The 1914 Collection.

JAPAN: Taisho, 1912-1926, AR medal, year 8 (1919), 55mm silver medal commemorating the Treaty of Versailles Ending World War I by G. Jida and I. Sato, allegorical representation of Peace standing three-quarters right, in oriental attire and with drapery billowing around, holding laurel branch with doves at feet and flying above; in background to right, gate and façade of Versailles Palace // flags of the five allies of WWI: Great Britain, United States, Japan, Kingdom of Italy, and France, all within wreath comprised of an oak branch and a palm frond, nice dark brown surfaces, plain edge, a beautifully designed medal, with original case of issue, a pleasing mint state example, PCGS graded MS62.

JAPAN: Showa, 1926-1989, AE 5 sen token, ND (1931-48), KM-L3, Nagashima Aisei-en Leprosarium Coinage, uniface with the badge of Nagashima Aisei-en Sanatorium above denomination, PCGS graded EF45. The Nagashima Aiseien Sanatorium is on the island of Nagashima in Setouchi, Okayama, Japan, founded in 1930 for the treatment of leprosy. The sanatorium is now home to former patients, many of whom have recovered but still live on the island. Japanese leper colony coins are rarely found outside Japan.

JAPAN: AR medal, The 1889 Commemorative Medal for the Imperial Constitution Promulgation, with original ribbon and paulownia wooden box, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Commemorative Medal for the Imperial Constitution Promulgation was established in 1889 to celebrate the first constitution of Japan, known informally as the Meiji Constitution (Meiji Kenpo), which was proclaimed on February 11, 1889. Enacted after the Meiji Restoration in 1868, it provided for a form of mixed constitutional rule and absolute monarchy, based jointly on the German and British models. The gold medal was awarded to Imperial princes and the silver to people of chokunin or sonin rank. The medal was suspended from a red silk ribbon with white edge stripes, symbolizing the solemnity of the event.

JAPAN: AR order, the Order of the Golden Kite (Kinshi Kunsho), 5th Class, with original ribbon and issue paper, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Order of the Golden Kite was an order of the Empire of Japan, established on February 12, 1890 by Emperor Meiji "in commemoration of Jimmu Tenno, the Romulus of Japan." The Order of the Golden Kite was an exclusively military award, conferred for bravery, leadership or command in battle. The order consisted of seven classes. The seventh class order, while the lowest class, still represented high valor and it was awarded primarily to enlisted men during the Second Sino-Japanese War and Pacific War. It is a silver, non-enameled badge featuring a gilt stylized kite, ancient shields, crossed spears, and a sheathed halberd. It was abolished 1947 by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) during the occupation of Japan, after World War II.

JAPAN: AR medal, Meiji Emperor 25th Wedding Anniversary Commemorative Medal, with original ribbon, AU, RR, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Meiji Emperor 25th Wedding Anniversary Medal was created to commemorate the wedding anniversary of the Meiji Emperor. At the Royal Banquet ceremony held on the day of the official 25th Royal Wedding Anniversary, March 9, 1894, it has been reported that about 100 'Foreign' guests were invited from amongst the Tokyo Diplomatic Community, and were seated at the table of the Meiji Emperor & his wife, comprising 'Heads of Mission' and their wives from 13 countries & accompanied by 57 of their diplomatic staff. The obverse of the medal features two cranes and branches of wisteria and bamboo, which are symbols of good fortune, longevity, health, and fidelity in Japanese culture. The reverse has in four lines, Daikon Nijuugo Shuunen (25th Wedding Anniversary) / Shukuten no Sho (Commemorative Medal) / Dai Nippon Teikoku (Empire of Great Japan) / Meiji Nijuushichi-nen Sangatsu (March, 27th Year of Meiji [1894]). This is the rarest silver issue amongst all 'Commemorative' Japanese medal issues, with only an estimated 1301 silver medals issued.

JAPAN: AE medal, The 1900 Boxer War Medal, with original ribbon and paulownia wooden box with gold lettering, AU, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The 1900 Japanese Boxer War Medal or the China Relief Expedition Medal (Jugun kisho) was instituted by Imperial Edict No. 142 on April 21, 1901, to honor Japanese forces participating in the Eight-Nation Alliance. It recognized service of Imperial Japanese Army and Navy personnel who participated in the relief of foreign legations in Beijing during the Boxer Rebellion. The obverse features the Imperial chrysanthemum crest and phoenix, with Jugun kisho (War Medal) in Kanji, while the reverse displays "Empire of Great Japan, 33rd year of Meiji" in Kanji.

JAPAN: AE medal, The 1920 Japan Census Women's Medal, with original ornate ribbon and case with gold lettering, Unc, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The 1920 Japan Census Medal was given to official census takers or those employed by the census bureau. The medal was instituted by Imperial Edict on June 17, 1921 to acknowledge those who participated and assisted in the first national Japanese census that began on October 1, 1920. The obverse shows the figure of an official of the Taika (Great Reform) era (AD 646) with a brush in his right hand, a rolled scroll in his left, standing before a table, all within a scalloped border representing the outline of a chrysanthemum crest. The reverse has the inscription ‘Taisho 9th Year / National Census / Commemorative Medal / 10th Month, 1st Day’ in Kanji.

JAPAN: AR medal, Order of the Golden Kite medal, 4th Class, with original ribbon, XF, ex Joseph E. Lang Collection. The Order of the Golden Kite (Kinshi Kunsho) was an order of the Empire of Japan, established on February 12, 1890 by Emperor Meiji "in commemoration of Jimmu Tenno, the Romulus of Japan," It was abolished in 1947 by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) during the occupation of Japan, after World War II. The Order of the Golden Kite was an exclusively military award, conferred for bravery, leadership or command in battle. The order consisted of seven classes. The badge depicts a golden kite, a messenger of the kami as described in the ancient Japanese chronicle Nihon Shoki, which helped Emperor Jimmu defeat his enemies in battle. The Nihon Shoki tells of a kinki ("golden kite") that landed on Jimmu's bow and emitted rays of dazzling light that blinded his enemies. The golden kite stands on an eight-pointed star with 32 rays enameled in red. Below the kite are two crossed ancient shields, enameled blue, with two crossed spears with silver heads enameled yellow with red banners, each bearing a mitsudomoe. On one side is a chokuto (enameled green with white trappings).

JORDAN: Hussain, 1952-1999, 6-coin specimen set, 1968/AH1387, KM-SS3, set includes, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 fils coins, in original Central Bank of Jordan plush green case of issue, mintage of only 50 sets, very rare, some spotting, set of 6 coins.

JORDAN: Abdullah II, 1999-, gilt AE 5 dinars, 2007/AH1427, KM-86a, 60mm, Selection of Petra as One of the New Seven Wonders of the World, a scarce modern issue with a mintage of only 500 coins, rare, PCGS graded PF67 Cameo.

KOREA: Kuang Mu, 1897-1907, AR 1/2 won, year 9 (1905), KM-1129, lightly toned, NGC graded MS61.

KUWAIT: Jaber III al-Ahmad al-Sabah, 1977-2006, AR 5 dinars, ND (1987), KM-X6, 5th Islamic Summit Conference, with original COA and case of issue, PCGS graded PF70 Deep Cameo.

KUWAIT: Jaber III al-Ahmad al-Sabah, 1977-2006, AR 5 dinars, ND (1987), KM-X6, 5th Islamic Summit Conference, with original COA and case of issue, PCGS graded PF69 Deep Cameo.

LIBYA: Idris I, 1951-1969, AE 5 milliemes, 1952, KM-3, a scarce proof issue, PCGS graded PF63 RB.

PATAN: Yoga Narendra Malla, 1684-1705, AR 1/2 mohar (2.71g), NE805 (1685), KM-322, Rh-402, sword with garland in center, Nepalese legend divided by two lines formed from pseudo-Persian letters, legend sri sri jaya yoga narendra malla // vermillion casket in center, 3-line legend around; mount removed, VF, RRR, ex Karl Gabrisch Collection. Just one example on CoinArchives, sold in the Spink Auction 25088, Lot 82.

NEPAL: Unknown issuer, ca. 1600-1660, AR tanka (10.36g), NM, ND, 30.4 mm, design vaguely similar to Nepalese issues of Lakshminarasimha (1619-1641) and Siddhinarasimha (1619-1661), obverse center with Hanuman running right, holding goad, reverse center with hexagram in center, stylized fantasy text around on both sides, derived from a mixture of Arabic, Nagari, and perhaps Chinese; possibly issued by some local authority; many banker's marks on the reverse, as found on contemporary tankas of the Bengal Sultanate; unpublished and tentatively attributed to Nepal, though also possibly from Bengal or Tibet, cleaned, VF, RRR, ex Syed Rabbi Collection. Posted on Zeno as #375974.

NEPAL: Prithvi Vira Vikrama, 1881-1911, AR 4 mohars, SE1833, KM-658, one-year type, a very attractive example! PCGS graded AU55, R, ex Wolfgang Schuster Collection.

NEPAL: Tribhuvana Bir Bikram, 1911-1950, AV mohar, VS1971, KM-683, Fr-27, lightly cleaned, one-year type, in the name of Queen Lakshmi Divyeswari, regent for Tribhuvana Bir Bikram, PCGS graded AU details, ex The 1914 Collection.

NEPAL: Tribhuvana Bir Bikram, 1911-1950, AR 4 mohars, VS1971, KM-696, rare one-year type, lightly toned, very attractive, NGC graded MS64, ex The 1914 Collection.

NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES: Batavian Republic, AR 1/2 gulden, 1802, KM-82, once harshly cleaned, PCGS graded Unc details.

NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES: Dutch Colony, AE cent, Utrecht, 1914, KM-315, Sc-888, proof surfaces with nice contrast, unlisted in Scholten as a proof, very rare, NGC graded Proof 66 RB, ex SARC Auction 26 Lot 930, ex The 1914 Collection. Finest graded at NGC and PCGS.

NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES: Dutch Colony, AE cent, Utrecht, 1914, KM-315, 100% full red surfaces, NGC graded MS65 RD, ex The 1914 Collection.

NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES: Plantation Tokens, brass 3 cent token, ND (1876-83), Sch-1191; LaWe-504, plantation token (plantagegeld), Sumatra, Langkat issue of the Tjinta-Radja Estate, denomination on reverse in Chinese, a wonderful mint state example of this rare token! PCGS graded MS64.

NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES: Plantation Tokens, AE 50 cents token, ND (ca. 1880-1896), LaWe-150, 50mm, issued for Kwala Begoemit - Chin Hong, a tobacco plantation on the east coast of Sumatra, countermarked Chinese characters xiu xing in reverse center, holed, surface porosity, VF-XF.

NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES: Plantation Tokens, brass 25 cents token, ND (ca. 1890-1910), LaWe-195 (plate example), issued for Oong Hong Heng, a Chinese trading company on the east coast of Sumatra, company name in Latin letters and in Chinese characters, denomination in center, uniface, machine-punched hole (as made) in center, cleaned, an excellent example of this extremely rare type, XF. Acquired by a previous owner (likely L. T. Wells Jr, the co-author of LaWe) in Jakarta in 1989.

NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES: Plantation Tokens, brass 5 liter rice token, ND (ca. 1911-16), LaWe-433, issued for Sennah Rubber Company Limited, located on the east coast of Sumatra, round type, 5 LITER RYST // S. / R. / Cy. / Ltd., machine-punched square center hole (as made), a wonderful example of this extremely rare type, XF. Acquired by a previous owner (likely L. T. Wells Jr, the co-author of LaWe) in Jakarta in 1987.

PAKISTAN: Islamic Republic, AR 100 rupees, 1976, KM-41, 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Mohammad Ali Jinnah, PCGS graded MS64.

PAKISTAN: Islamic Republic, AR 100 rupees, 1977, KM-47, Islamic Summit Conference, PCGS graded PF67 Deep Cameo.

PAKISTAN: Islamic Republic, AR 100 rupees, 1977, KM-47, Islamic Summit Conference, PCGS graded MS67.

PAKISTAN: Islamic Republic, AR 100 rupees, 1977, KM-48, 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Allama Mohammad Iqbal, PCGS graded MS66.

PAKISTAN: AV tola (11.65g), ND, 25.6mm private issue, Bengali (Bangla) inscription around dhow sailing left // DAUD HASHMANI / PURE PASA GOLD in outer legend, "No. 9999" either side of central circle with "1 / TOLA" within, likely issued in the 1940's-50's, AU, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

PALESTINE: British Mandate, AR 100 mils, 1940, KM-7, PCGS graded MS64.

PALESTINE: British Mandate, 20 mils, 1940, KM-5, scarcer date, PCGS graded MS63.

PHILIPPINES: U.S. Territory, AE centavo, 1914-S, KM-163, Allen-2.12, very glossy, PCGS graded MS65 BN, ex The 1914 Collection.

PHILIPPINES: U.S. Territory, AR 10 centavos, 1914-S, KM-169, Allen-8.10b, variety with long crossbar on the 4, very lustrous, PCGS graded MS65, ex Heritage Auction 1314 Lot 8104, ex The 1914 Collection. Tied for finest graded by PCGS.

PHILIPPINES: U.S. Territory, AR 10 centavos, 1914-S, KM-169, Allen-8.10a, variety with short crossbar on 4, very lustrous, PCGS graded MS64, ex Heritage Auction 1329 Lot 7509, ex The 1914 Collection.

PHILIPPINES: U.S. Territory, AR 20 centavos, 1914-S, KM-170, Allen-11.10, super lustrous, very attractive, NGC graded MS63, ex The 1914 Collection.

QATAR: Hamad b. Khalifa al-Thani, 1995-2013, AR 25 dirhams, 2006/AH1427, KM-14a, off-metal strike in silver, struck at the Austrian State Mint, PCGS graded PF69 Deep Cameo.

QATAR: Hamad b. Khalifa al-Thani, 1995-2013, AR 50 dirhams, 2006/AH1427, KM-15a, off-metal strike in silver, struck at the Austrian State Mint, PCGS graded PF68 Deep Cameo.

SAUDI ARABIA: Ottoman Era, AE tawilah (larin) (2.89g), ca. 18th century, cf. Mitch-2303/04, unread Ottoman legend on both sides, an exceptional example with bold details and much of original red color, XF-AU. Struck in the 18th century in the name of the Ottoman sultans at Hofuf, the capital of the Ottoman province of Hasa in the Eastern Arabian peninsula.

SAUDI ARABIA: Ottoman Era, AE tawilah (larin) (3.35g), ca. 18th century, cf. Mitch-2303/04, unread Ottoman legend on both sides, lovely bold strike, XF. Struck in the 18th century in the name of the Ottoman sultans at Hofuf, the capital of the Ottoman province of Hasa in the Eastern Arabian peninsula.

SAUDI ARABIA: Ottoman Era, BI tawilah (larin) (3.42g), ca. 18th century, Mitch-2303/04, unread Ottoman legend on both sides, boldly struck and unusually nice, XF. Struck in the 18th century in the name of the Ottoman sultans at Hofuf, the capital of the Ottoman province of Hasa in the Eastern Arabian peninsula.

SAUDI ARABIA: 'Abd al-'Aziz b. Sa'ud, 1926-1953, AV guinea, Makka al-Mukarrama (Mecca), AH1370, KM-36, actually struck at the London Mint, NGC graded MS64.

SYRIA: French Mandate, AR 25 piastres, 1929, KM-29, Lec-33, a lovely mint state example! NGC graded MS63.

SYRIA: French Mandate, AR 25 piastres, 1936, KM-29, Lec-35, a lovely mint state example! NGC graded MS63.

SYRIA: Islamic State, AV 5 dinars (21.25g), AH1436, First Issue type, denomination in center, al-dawlah al-islâmiyyah / khilâfatun 'alâ minhâji al-nabuwwah ("Islamic State / a caliphate upon the model of the Prophethood") in the margin, and "21.25 grams / 21 karat" across field // map of the world with denominational as numeral above, date below, reeded edge, XF, RRRR. The Islamic State gold dinar was the de-jure currency of the Islamic State from 2014 to 2019. It is also subdivided into silver dirhams and copper fulûs, and it has its origins in the historical gold dinar. In 2016 (AH1438), one gold dinar was exchanged for 190 U.S. dollars or 91 British pounds. A series of coins made up of gold 1, 2, and 5 dinars, silver 1, 2, and 5 dirhams, and copper 5, 10, and 25 fulûs were released as such. Despite the extensive promotion by the Islamic State of this coinage series, the currency only saw limited circulation in areas under their control. This is the first example of the gold version of the First Issue type of the Islamic State and is of great rarity, as likely very few were produced.This item was originally produced by an organization associated with acts of violence, crimes against humanity, war crimes, extremism, human rights violations, or similar topics. Our firm does not endorse such activities and only offers this item as an artifact of history to further research and civil enlightenment.

SYRIA: Islamic State, AV 5 dinars (21.28g), AH1437, Second Issue type, denomination in center, al-dawlah al-islâmiyyah / khilâfatun 'alâ minhâji al-nabuwwah ("Islamic State / a caliphate upon the model of the Prophethood") in the margin, and "21.25 grams / 21 karat" across field // mâ naqasat sadaqah min mâl ("Alms don't decrease fortune"), date below, all within ornamental border, plain edge, XF, RRR. The Islamic State gold dinar was the de-jure currency of the Islamic State from 2014 to 2019. It is also subdivided into silver dirhams and copper fulûs, and it has its origins in the historical gold dinar. In 2016 (AH1438), one gold dinar was exchanged for 190 U.S. dollars or 91 British pounds. A series of coins made up of gold 1, 2, and 5 dinars, silver 1, 2, and 5 dirhams, and copper 5, 10, and 25 fulûs were released as such. Despite the extensive promotion by the Islamic State of this coinage series, the currency only saw limited circulation in areas under their control. This item was originally produced by an organization associated with acts of violence, crimes against humanity, war crimes, extremism, human rights violations, or similar topics. Our firm does not endorse such activities and only offers this item as an artifact of history to further research and civil enlightenment.

SYRIA: Islamic State, AV 2 dinars, AH1437, denomination in center, al-dawlah al-islâmiyyah / khilâfatun 'alâ minhâji al-nabuwwah ("Islamic State / a caliphate upon the model of the Prophethood") in the margin, and "8.5 grams / 21 karat" across field // the Kaaba in Mecca, date above, all within ornamental border, light hairlines, lustrous, Unc. The Islamic State gold dinar was the de-jure currency of the Islamic State from 2014 to 2019. It is also subdivided into silver dirhams and copper fulûs, and it has its origins in the historical gold dinar. In 2016 (AH1438), one gold dinar was exchanged for 190 U.S. dollars or 91 British pounds. A series of coins made up of gold 5, 2, and 1 dinar, silver 5, 2, and 1 dirham, and copper 25, 10 and 5 fulûs were released as such. Despite the extensive promotion by the Islamic State of this coinage series, the currency only saw limited circulation in areas under their control. This item was originally produced by a regime which perpetrated crimes against humanity, war crimes, mass murder, and other acts of violence. Our firm does not endorse such activities and only offers this item as an artifact of history to further research and civil enlightenment.

SYRIA: Islamic State, AR 5 dirhams (15.01g), AH1437, denomination in center, al-dawlah al-islâmiyyah / khilâfatun 'alâ minhâji al-nabuwwah ("Islamic State / a caliphate upon the model of the Prophethood") in the margin, and "15 grams / 99.9 silver" across field // al-yadu al-'ulyâ khayrun min al-yadi al-suflâ ("The upper hand is better than the lower hand"), date below, all within ornamental border, XF. The Islamic State gold dinar was the de-jure currency of the Islamic State from 2014 to 2019. It is also subdivided into silver dirhams and copper fulûs, and it has its origins in the historical gold dinar. In 2016 (AH1438), one gold dinar was exchanged for 190 U.S. dollars or 91 British pounds. A series of coins made up of gold 1, 2, and 5 dinars, silver 1, 2, and 5 dirhams, and copper 5, 10, and 25 fulûs were released as such. Despite the extensive promotion by the Islamic State of this coinage series, the currency only saw limited circulation in areas under their control. This item was originally produced by an organization associated with acts of violence, crimes against humanity, war crimes, extremism, human rights violations, or similar topics. Our firm does not endorse such activities and only offers this item as an artifact of history to further research and civil enlightenment.

SYRIA: Islamic State, AR 2 dirhams (6.02g), AH1437, denomination in center, al-dawlah al-islâmiyyah / khilâfatun 'alâ minhâji al-nabuwwah ("Islamic State / a caliphate upon the model of the Prophethood") in the margin, and "6 grams / 99.9 silver" across field // al-masjid al-aqsâ ("al-Aqsa Mosque") and view of the mosque, date above, all within ornamental border, XF. The Islamic State gold dinar was the de-jure currency of the Islamic State from 2014 to 2019. It is also subdivided into silver dirhams and copper fulûs, and it has its origins in the historical gold dinar. In 2016 (AH1438), one gold dinar was exchanged for 190 U.S. dollars or 91 British pounds. A series of coins made up of gold 1, 2, and 5 dinars, silver 1, 2, and 5 dirhams, and copper 5, 10, and 25 fulûs were released as such. Despite the extensive promotion by the Islamic State of this coinage series, the currency only saw limited circulation in areas under their control. This item was originally produced by an organization associated with acts of violence, crimes against humanity, war crimes, extremism, human rights violations, or similar topics. Our firm does not endorse such activities and only offers this item as an artifact of history to further research and civil enlightenment.

SYRIA: Islamic State, AE 25 fils (15.09g), AH1438, denomination in center, al-dawlah al-islâmiyyah / khilâfatun 'alâ minhâji al-nabuwwah ("Islamic State / a caliphate upon the model of the Prophethood") in the margin, and "3 grams / 99.9 silver" across field // minârah dimashq al-baydâ' ("the white minaret of Damascus") and view of the mosque, date above, all within ornamental border, XF. The Islamic State gold dinar was the de-jure currency of the Islamic State from 2014 to 2019. It is also subdivided into silver dirhams and copper fulûs, and it has its origins in the historical gold dinar. In 2016 (AH1438), one gold dinar was exchanged for 190 U.S. dollars or 91 British pounds. A series of coins made up of gold 1, 2, and 5 dinars, silver 1, 2, and 5 dirhams, and copper 5, 10, and 25 fulûs were released as such. Despite the extensive promotion by the Islamic State of this coinage series, the currency only saw limited circulation in areas under their control. This item was originally produced by an organization associated with acts of violence, crimes against humanity, war crimes, extremism, human rights violations, or similar topics. Our firm does not endorse such activities and only offers this item as an artifact of history to further research and civil enlightenment.

SYRIA: Islamic State, AE 25 fils (15.09g), AH1438, light type, denomination in center, al-dawlah al-islâmiyyah / khilâfatun 'alâ minhâji al-nabuwwah ("Islamic State / a caliphate upon the model of the Prophethood") in the margin, and "20 grams / 97.5 copper" across field // al-sadqa afdal jahd al-muqill ("The best charity is the effort of the poor"), date below, all within ornamental border, AU. The Islamic State gold dinar was the de-jure currency of the Islamic State from 2014 to 2019. It is also subdivided into silver dirhams and copper fulûs, and it has its origins in the historical gold dinar. In 2016 (AH1438), one gold dinar was exchanged for 190 U.S. dollars or 91 British pounds. A series of coins made up of gold 1, 2, and 5 dinars, silver 1, 2, and 5 dirhams, and copper 5, 10, and 25 fulûs were released as such. Despite the extensive promotion by the Islamic State of this coinage series, the currency only saw limited circulation in areas under their control. This item was originally produced by an organization associated with acts of violence, crimes against humanity, war crimes, extremism, human rights violations, or similar topics. Our firm does not endorse such activities and only offers this item as an artifact of history to further research and civil enlightenment.

SYRIA: Republic, 10 piastres, 1948/AH1367, KM-83, only 15 examples known, very rare, wonderful luster, PCGS graded Specimen 67, ex King's Norton Mint Collection.

THAILAND: Rama V, 1868-1910, AE 2 att, RS119 (1900), Y-23, doubled die obverse (DDO), lightly lustrous with orange highlights, PCGS graded MS63 BN. Finest graded of this date by PCGS.

THAILAND: Rama V, 1868-1910, AR baht, RS127 (1908), Y-39, Jubilee of Reign commemorative, struck at the Monnaie de Paris, a few faint reverse scratches, nice original toning, NGC graded AU details. The 1908 Thailand 1 Baht coin (RS127) was struck to celebrate King Rama V's (Chulalongkorn) enduring reign and to showcase modern Thai currency, featuring a detailed portrait designed by renowned French engraver by Henri-Auguste Patey at the Paris Mint.

THAILAND: Rama VI, 1910-1925, AE satang, BE2457 (1914), Y-35, Schön-194, lustrous, unlisted in proof in Krause, rare, NGC graded Proof 65 RB, ex The 1914 Collection. Finest graded at NGC and PCGS.

THAILAND: Rama VI, 1910-1925, AE satang, BE2457 (1914), Y-35, Schön-194, lustrous, NGC graded MS64 RB, ex The 1914 Collection.

THAILAND: Rama VI, 1910-1925, 10 satang, BE2457 (1914), Y-37, fantastic luster with superb surfaces, a lovely example! NGC graded MS66, ex The 1914 Collection. Finest graded at NGC and PCGS.

THAILAND: Jeweler's Issues, AV sovereign (8.06g), modern jeweler's issue imitating British gold type of Queen Victoria with date 1911, with small Thai jeweler's mark in lower obverse left field, very interesting! XF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

TUNISIA: Muhammad al-Sadiq Bey, 1859-1882, AV 5 piastres, Tunis, AH1289, KM-170, with the star countermark, citing the Ottoman sultan Abdul Aziz, NGC graded AU55.

TUNISIA: Muhammad al-Nasir Bey, 1906-1922, AR 2 francs, 1913/AH1332-A, KM-239, Lec-272, mintage of only 303 pieces, rare, toned with light iridescent hues, NGC graded AU55, ex The 1914 Collection. The only graded example of this date at NGC.

TUNISIA: French Colony, AR 50 centimes, Paris, 1914/AH1333-A, KM-237, Lecompte-162, mottled russet toning, only 1,003 pieces minted, scarce, NGC graded MS65, ex The 1914 Collection. Finest graded at NGC and PCGS.

TUNISIA: French Colony, AR franc, Paris, 1914/AH1333-A, KM-238, Lecompte-216, nice pastel tones, only 703 pieces minted, rare, a lovely example! NGC graded MS66, ex The 1914 Collection. Finest graded at NGC and PCGS.

TUNISIA: French Colony, AR 2 francs, Paris, 1914/AH1333-A, KM-239, Lecompte-273, lightly toned and attractive, mintage of only 303 pieces, rare, a lovely example! PCGS graded MS66, ex The 1914 Collection. Finest graded at NGC and PCGS.

NGUYEN DYNASTY (DAI NAM): Tu Duc, 1848-1883, AR 4 tien (15.06g), KM-448, Sch-351, light gray toning, PCGS graded EF40.

NGUYEN DYNASTY (ANNAM): Bullion Series, AR 10 lang (358.74g), ca. late 19th century, 115mm-long curved rectangular silver bar, with several assayer stamps on the sides and etched assayer marking on reverse, VF ex SARC Auction 38, Lot 1548 Known as "nen bac" in Vietnamese, these silver bars were made from various silver coins that circulated in the region and has a consistent fineness of .991.

NGUYEN DYNASTY (ANNAM): Bullion Series, AR 10 lang (382.92g), ca. late 19th century, 110mm-long curved rectangular silver bar, with several assayer stamps on the sides and etched assayer marking on reverse, VF ex SARC Auction 37, Lot 1781 Known as "nen bac" in Vietnamese, these silver bars were made from various silver coins that circulated in the region and has a consistent fineness of .991.

YEMEN: al-Mutawakkil Yahya bin Muhammad, 1904-1948, AE 1/80 riyal, Shaharah, AH1332, Y-2.2, 10 stars on reverse, 2 stars on obverse, PCGS graded EF45, ex The 1914 Collection. Finest graded by both PCGS and NGC.

YEMEN: Arab Republic, AV 500 rials, 1981/AH1401, KM-P2, Schön-148a, piedfort (piéfort) issue, International Year of Disabled Persons, with original COA and British Royal Mint case of issue, NGC graded PF69 Ultra Cameo. A very rare piedfort (double thickness) strike in gold. It has a published maximum authorized mintage of 600 but the likely number struck is probably much lower. We could find none listed on the usual auction platforms and this is the first we have offered.

WARRING STATES: State of Zhou, 650-400 BC, AE spade money, H-2.4, hollow-handled square-shoulder type, large size, wu (five) in archaic script, graded 'Genuine' by GBCA Grading Company, repaired foot, VF, ex Ilse & Rolf Braun Collection. These types have been found in the area corresponding to the Royal Domain of Zhou (south Hebei and north Henan). Archaeological evidence dates them to the early spring and autumn period, approximately 650 BC and onward.

WARRING STATES: State of Zhou, 400-300 BC, AE spade money (24.7g), H-2.170, hollow-handled sloping-shoulder type, wu (a city in today's Shanxi) in archaic script, handle is filled with soil and clay as is typically observed, green and earthen patina, graded 80(03) by GBCA Grading Company, repaired, the tip of one point is broken off, this occurred after authentication at GBCA, VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection, ex Teutoburger Münzauktion Auction 65, Lot 27. Spades of this type are associated with the Kingdom of Zhou and the Henan area. Their smaller size indicates that they are later in date than square-shoulder spades. Wu was an ancient city in the State of Liang or Jin in today's southern Shanxi.

WARRING STATES: State of Zhou, 400-300 BC, AE spade money (19.2g), H-2.170, hollow-handled sloping-shoulder spade money, graded 'Genuine' by GBCA Grading Company, broken tips and casting defects, Fine, ex Ilse & Rolf Braun Collection. Associated with the Kingdom of Zhou and the Henan area.

WARRING STATES: State of Jin, 500-400 BC, AE spade money, H-2.182var, hollow-handled pointed-shoulder type, graded 'genuine' by GBCA Grading Company, light encrustation, VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection. This type of spade has pointed shoulders and feet and a long hollow handle. There are three parallel lines on the obverse and reverse with occasional inscriptions. They are found in Northeast Henan and Shanxi Provinces, the territory of the Duchy of Jin, later to become the State of Zhao. They are held to be somewhat later in date than the square-shouldered spades. Their shape seems to be designed for ease of tying together in bundles, rather than deriving from any particular agricultural instrument.

WARRING STATES: State of Jin, 500-400 BC, AE spade money (29.4g), H-2.182, hollow-handled pointed-shoulder type, uninscribed variety, graded 'Genuine' by GBCA Grading Company, VF, ex Ilse & Rolf Braun Collection. Spades of this type are found in Northeast Henan and Shanxi, the territory of the Duchy of Jin, later to become Zhao. They are held to be somewhat later in date than the square shouldered spades. Their shape seems to be designed for ease of tying together in bundles, rather than deriving from any particular agricultural instrument.

WARRING STATES: State of Jin, 500-400 BC, AE spade money (31g), H-2.182, hollow-handled pointed-shoulder type, uninscribed variety, a superb example with attractive patina, graded 78 by GBCA Grading Company, VF, from old Japanese collection with original collector's paulownia wooden case. Spades of this type are found in Northeast Henan and Shanxi, the territory of the Duchy of Jin, later to become Zhao. They are held to be somewhat later in date than the square-shouldered spades. Their shape seems to be designed for ease of tying together in bundles, rather than deriving from any particular agricultural instrument.

WARRING STATES: State of Jin, 500-400 BC, AE spade money, H-2.186var, hollow-handled pointed-shoulder type, graded 'Genuine' by GBCA Grading Company, VF, ex Ilse & Rolf Braun Collection. Spades of this type are found in northeastern Henan and Shanxi Provinces, the territory of the Duchy of Jin, later to become the State of Zhao. They are held to be somewhat later in date than the square-shouldered spades. Their shape seems to be designed for ease of tying together in bundles, rather than deriving from any particular agricultural instrument.

WARRING STATES: State of Jin, 500-400 BC, AE spade money (22.8g), H-2.187, hollow-handled pointed-shoulder type, green patina with a light dusting of brown earthen deposits, graded 80(06, artificial defect) by GBCA Grading Company, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection.

WARRING STATES: State of Liang, 400-300 BC, AE spade money (13.4g), H-3.39, flat-handled arched-foot type, yu yi jin, in archaic script, graded 75(03) by GBCA Grading Company, repaired, VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection. Examples of this rare type have been found near Ping Lu in the far south of Shanxi Province. This is the first example of this type we have encountered.

WARRING STATES: State of Liang, 400-300 BC, AE spade money (13.9g), H-3.44, flat-handled arched-foot type, cheng zheng shang jin dang huan in archaic script, graded 75(03) by GBCA Grading Company, repaired, F-VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection.

WARRING STATES: State of Liang, 400-300 BC, AE spade money (14.9g), H-3.45, flat-handled spade, cheng zheng shang jin dang huan in archaic script, encrustation, graded 82 by GBCA Grading Company, VF-XF.

WARRING STATES: State of Liang, 400-300 BC, AE spade money (11.8g), H-3.45, flat-handled arched-foot type, liang zheng shang jin dang lie ("Liang standard superior money equal to one lie") in archaic script (one of the proposed readings of this inscription), graded 78 by Huaxia Grading Company, VF NOTE: We updated the images of this lot on April 30, 2026 to display the images provided by Huaxia Grading Company.

WARRING STATES: State of Liang, 400-300 BC, AE spade money (13.9g), H-3.46, flat-handled arched-foot type, liang zheng bi bai dang lie in archaic script (one of three current proposed readings of this inscription), graded 80 by GBCA Grading Company, VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection.

WARRING STATES: State of Liang, 400-300 BC, AE spade money (13.2g), H-3.46, flat-handled arched-foot type, liang zheng bi bai dang lie in archaic script (one of three current proposed readings of this inscription), graded 78(03) by GBCA Grading Company, repaired, Fine.

WARRING STATES: State of Liang, 400-300 BC, AE spade money (27g), H-3.48, flat-handled pointed-foot type, liang chong jin wu dang lie shi er in archaic script, graded 80(03) by GBCA Grading Company, VF-XF.

WARRING STATES: State of Zhao, 350-250 BC, AE spade money (5.2g), H-3.202, flat-handled square-foot type, chang zi in archaic script, graded 85 by GBCA Grading Company, VF-XF.

WARRING STATES: State of Chu, 400-300 BC, AE spade money (30.5g), H-3.470, Dan Jin square-foot type, pei bi dang jin ("pei coin equivalent to one jin") on obverse, shi huo ("currency of ten") on reverse in archaic script, graded 78 by GBCA Grading Company, F-VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection. The State of Chu was an ancient Chinese state in the Yangtze valley during the Zhou Dynasty. Originally Chu was considered a viscountcy, but starting from King Wu in the early 8th century BC, the rulers of Chu declared themselves kings on an equal footing with the Zhou rulers. Originally known as Jing and then as Jingchu, Chu occupied vast areas of land at its height, including most of the present-day provinces of Hubei and Hunan, along with parts of Chongqing, Guizhou, Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai. The hao in the reverse inscription shi hao probably refers to ten ant-nose type coins. These spades are thick and robust with well-developed rims all the way around, with a large round hole in the top.

WARRING STATES: State of Chu, 400-300 BC, AE spade money (37.3g), H-3.470, Dan Jin square-foot type, pei bi dang jin ("pei coin equivalent to one jin") on obverse, shi huo ("currency of ten") on reverse in archaic script, graded 80(03) by GBCA Grading Company, repaired, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection. The State of Chu was an ancient Chinese state in the Yangtze valley during the Zhou Dynasty. Originally Chu was considered a viscountcy, but starting from King Wu in the early 8th century BC, the rulers of Chu declared themselves kings on an equal footing with the Zhou rulers. Originally known as Jing and then as Jingchu, Chu occupied vast areas of land at its height, including most of the present-day provinces of Hubei and Hunan, along with parts of Chongqing, Guizhou, Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai. The hao in the reverse inscription shi hao probably refers to ten ant-nose type coins. These spades are thick and robust with well-developed rims all the way around, with a large round hole in the top.

WARRING STATES: State of Qi, 400-220 BC, AE knife money (51.4g), H-4.6ag, three-character type, qi fa huo (the authorized currency of Qi) in archaic script on obverse, thin characters in high relief, yang on reverse, graded 80 by GBCA Grading Company, VF, ex Howard F. Bowker Collection, ex Fang Yao-Yu Collection.

WARRING STATES: State of Yan, 600-400 BC, AE knife money, H-4.15var, pointed-tip type, with undeciphered character, graded 80 by GBCA Grading Company, VF, ex Bernd Löer Collection.

WARRING STATES: State of Yan, 600-400 BC, AE knife money, H-4.15var, pointed-tip type, with undeciphered character, graded 78 by GBCA Grading Company, VF, ex Bernd Löer Collection.

WARRING STATES: State of Qi, 300-200 BC, AE cash (1.8g), H-6.23, yi huo (currency of [City of] Yi) in archaic script, graded 78 by GBCA Grading Company, F-VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection.

WARRING STATES: State of Qi, 300-220 BC, AE cash (6.1g), H-6.24, yi si huo ([City of] Yi, currency of four) in archaic script, graded 'Genuine' by CAG Grading Company, natural casting crack, VF.

WARRING STATES: State of Qi, 300-220 BC, AE cash (7.8g), H-6.25, yi liu huo ([City of] Yi, currency of six) in archaic characters, graded 80(03) by GBCA Grading Company, repaired, F-VF.

WARRING STATES: State of Qi, 300-220 BC, AE cash (10g), H-6.25, yi liu huo ([City of] Yi, currency of six) in archaic characters, graded 80(07) by GBCA Grading Company, natural casting defects, Fine.

WESTERN HAN: Han Wudi, 141-87 BC, lead 3000 zhu (93.9g), Dragon type of bai jin san ping; the round shape was meant to represent the sky or heavens and, consequently, the coin had the pattern design of a dragon described by one source as having a "long mouth, long neck, one horn, and flying through the clouds"; the reverse of the dragon coin is concave, with a circle of pseudo-Greek legends around the periphery, the meaning of which is unknown, and a square stamp on reverse reading shao or shao fu, graded 'Genuine' by GBCA Grading Company, a nice example with bold legends, VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection. The "Bai Jin San Pin" (White metal three kinds), according to the Records of the Grand Historian, was introduced in 119 BC during the reign of Emperor Wu as both the Han-Xiongnu War and the territorial expansion of the Han Empire caused the imperial government to desperately increase their revenues. Among the reasons why the government started issuing this new type of currency was to remedy the inflation caused by the excessive issuance of bad money, but the Bai Jin San Pin would prove to be an insufficient solution. The Records of the Grand Historian claim that the new "Bai Jin" (white metal) money was a mixture of silver and tin. The term San Pin refers to the fact that it was a series of three coins with different denominations: Dragon 3000 cash coins, Horse 500 cash coins and Tortoise 300 cash coins.

WESTERN HAN: Han Wudi, 141-87 BC, lead 500 zhu (24.9g), Horse type of bai jin san ping, image of a horse with head upright, chest high, with three legs on the ground and one hoof raised, full of vigor and imposing momentum which represented the square earth, and a square stamp on reverse reading shao or shao fu, graded 'Genuine' by GBCA Grading Company, VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection. The "Bai Jin San Pin" (White metal three kinds), according to the Records of the Grand Historian, was introduced in 119 BC during the reign of Emperor Wu as both the Han-Xiongnu War and the territorial expansion of the Han Empire caused the imperial government to desperately increase their revenues. Among the reasons why the government started issuing this new type of currency was to remedy the inflation caused by the excessive issuance of bad money, but the Bai Jin San Pin would prove to be an insufficient solution. The Records of the Grand Historian claim that the new "Bai Jin" (white metal) money was a mixture of silver and tin. The term San Pin refers to the fact that it was a series of three coins with different denominations: Dragon 3000 cash coins, Horse 500 cash coins and Tortoise 300 cash coins.

WESTERN HAN: Han Wudi, 141-87 BC, lead 500 zhu (21.4g), Horse type of bai jin san ping, image of a horse with head upright, chest high, with three legs on the ground and one hoof raised, full of vigor and imposing momentum which represented the square earth, and a square stamp on reverse reading shao or shao fu, graded 'Genuine' by GBCA Grading Company, Fine, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection. The "Bai Jin San Pin" (White metal three kinds), according to the Records of the Grand Historian, was introduced in 119 BC during the reign of Emperor Wu as both the Han-Xiongnu War and the territorial expansion of the Han Empire caused the imperial government to desperately increase their revenues. Among the reasons why the government started issuing this new type of currency was to remedy the inflation caused by the excessive issuance of bad money, but the Bai Jin San Pin would prove to be an insufficient solution. The Records of the Grand Historian claim that the new "Bai Jin" (white metal) money was a mixture of silver and tin. The term San Pin refers to the fact that it was a series of three coins with different denominations: Dragon 3000 cash coins, Horse 500 cash coins and Tortoise 300 cash coins.

WESTERN HAN: Han Wudi, 141-87 BC, lead 500 zhu (22.7g), Horse type of bai jin san ping, image of a horse with head upright, chest high, with three legs on the ground and one hoof raised, full of vigor and imposing momentum which represented the square earth, graded 'Genuine' by GBCA Grading Company, Fine, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection. The "Bai Jin San Pin" (White metal three kinds), according to the Records of the Grand Historian, was introduced in 119 BC during the reign of Emperor Wu as both the Han-Xiongnu War and the territorial expansion of the Han Empire caused the imperial government to desperately increase their revenues. Among the reasons why the government started issuing this new type of currency was to remedy the inflation caused by the excessive issuance of bad money, but the Bai Jin San Pin would prove to be an insufficient solution. The Records of the Grand Historian claim that the new "Bai Jin" (white metal) money was a mixture of silver and tin. The term San Pin refers to the fact that it was a series of three coins with different denominations: Dragon 3000 cash coins, Horse 500 cash coins and Tortoise 300 cash coins.

WESTERN HAN: Han Wudi, 141-87 BC, lead 500 zhu (24.6g), Horse type of bai jin san ping, image of a horse with head upright, chest high, with three legs on the ground and one hoof raised, full of vigor and imposing momentum which represented the square earth, and a square stamp on reverse reading shao or shao fu, graded 'Genuine' by GBCA Grading Company, Fine, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection. The "Bai Jin San Pin" (White metal three kinds), according to the Records of the Grand Historian, was introduced in 119 BC during the reign of Emperor Wu as both the Han-Xiongnu War and the territorial expansion of the Han Empire caused the imperial government to desperately increase their revenues. Among the reasons why the government started issuing this new type of currency was to remedy the inflation caused by the excessive issuance of bad money, but the Bai Jin San Pin would prove to be an insufficient solution. The Records of the Grand Historian claim that the new "Bai Jin" (white metal) money was a mixture of silver and tin. The term San Pin refers to the fact that it was a series of three coins with different denominations: Dragon 3000 cash coins, Horse 500 cash coins and Tortoise 300 cash coins.

WESTERN HAN: Han Wudi, 141-87 BC, lead 300 zhu (11.5g), Tortoise type of bai jin san ping, with the domed shell of the turtle representing the round sky above and its flat bottom symbolizing the flat earth below in ancient Chinese cosmology, and a square stamp on reverse reading shao or shao fu, graded 'Genuine' by GBCA Grading Company, VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection. The "Bai Jin San Pin" (White metal three kinds), according to the Records of the Grand Historian, was introduced in 119 BC during the reign of Emperor Wu as both the Han-Xiongnu War and the territorial expansion of the Han Empire caused the imperial government to desperately increase their revenues. Among the reasons why the government started issuing this new type of currency was to remedy the inflation caused by the excessive issuance of bad money, but the Bai Jin San Pin would prove to be an insufficient solution. The Records of the Grand Historian claim that the new "Bai Jin" (white metal) money was a mixture of silver and tin. The term San Pin refers to the fact that it was a series of three coins with different denominations: Dragon 3000 cash coins, Horse 500 cash coins and Tortoise 300 cash coins.

WESTERN HAN: Anonymous, 119-118 BC, AE cash (1.8g), H-8.1, san zhu ("three zhu") in archaic script with outer rim, graded 80 by GBCA Grading Company, VF. The San Zhu coin was issued either between 140 and 136 BC, or between 119 and 118 BC. The records are ambiguous, but the later date is generally preferred.

YUTIAN KINGDOM: Anonymous, ca. 2nd-3rd century, AE 24 zhu (17.7g), Cribb-7/8, Sino-Kharosthi series, struck posthumously in the name of Gurgamoya (ca. 30-60 AD), horse right within central circle, traces of Kharosthi legend in the margin // local symbol within central circle, Chinese inscription zhong nian si zhu tong qian ("copper coin weighing 24 zhu") in the margin, and ornate outer border, some porosity, graded 75 by GBCA Grading Company, Fine, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection. The Yutian Kingdom was located in the Khotan (Hetian) region in today's southwestern Xinjiang, China. See Cribb's articles in Numismatic Chronicle, Volumes 144 & 145 (1984 & 1985).

YUTIAN KINGDOM: Anonymous, ca. 2nd-3rd century, AE 24 zhu (17.6g), Sino-Kharosthi series, struck posthumously in the name of Gurgamoya (ca. 30-60 AD), horse right within central circle, traces of Kharosthi legend in the margin // local symbol within central circle, clockwise Chinese inscription zhong nian si zhu tong qian ("copper coin weighing 24 zhu") in the margin, and ornate outer border, some porosity, graded 80 by GBCA Grading Company, Fine, ex Bernd Löer Collection. The Yutian Kingdom was located in the Khotan (Hetian) region in today's southwestern Xinjiang, China. See Cribb's articles in Numismatic Chronicle, Volumes 144 & 145 (1984 & 1985).

XIN: Wang Mang, 7-23 AD, AE cash (7.4g), H-9.8, da quan wu shi, double-sided inscriptions, graded 85 by GBCA Grading Company, XF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection.

FORMER LIANG: Zhang Gui, 317-376, AE cash (2.3g), H-12.1, liang zao xin quan ("Liang made new coin"), graded 78 by GBCA Grading Company, F-VF, RRR.

CHEN: Anonymous, 557-589, AE cash (3.5g), H-13.18, tai huo liu zhu ("large coin six zhu"), issued by Emperor Xuan of Chen in 579 AD, graded 82 by GBCA Grading Company, VF-XF. This coin with the beautiful calligraphy, displayed at the left, is considered to be the "crown jewel " of Southern Dynasty coins. The coin was originally worth ten regular wu zhu coins, but because of popular discontent was revalued to one wu zhu.

CHEN: Anonymous, 557-589, AE cash, H-13.18, tai huo liu zhu ("large coin six zhu") in archaic script, graded 82 by CAG Grading Company, VF. Issued by Emperor Xuan (Shaoshi) of Chen in 579 AD, this coin is considered the crown jewel of Southern Dynasty coins thanks to its beautiful calligraphy. It was originally worth ten regular wu zhu coins but later revalued to one wu zhu due to popular discontent.

CHEN: Anonymous, 557-589, AE cash, H-13.18, tai huo liu zhu ("large coin six zhu"), issued by Emperor Xuan of Chen in 579 AD, graded 84 by CAG Grading Company, VF. This coin with the beautiful calligraphy, displayed at the left, is considered to be the "crown jewel" of Southern Dynasty coins. The coin was originally worth ten regular wu zhu coins, but because of popular discontent was revalued to one wu zhu.

NORTHERN ZHOU: Anonymous, 557-581, AE cash (5.4g), H-13.32, yong tong wan guo ("everlasting circulation in ten thousand kingdoms") in seal script, graded 85 by GBCA Grading Company, XF. This piece was issued in 579 AD by Emperor Xuan. Its nominal weight was 12 zhu, and the coin was meant to be equivalent to ten wu xing coins and written in the Yu Zhu (jade chopstick) style of calligraphy which is greatly admired.

NORTHERN ZHOU: Anonymous, 557-581, AE cash (4.7g), H-13.32, yong tong wan guo ("everlasting circulation in ten thousand kingdoms") in seal script, graded 82 by GBCA Grading Company, VF-XF. This piece was issued in 579 AD by Emperor Xuan. Its nominal weight was 12 zhu, and the coin was meant to be equivalent to ten wu xing coins and written in the Yu Zhu (jade chopstick) style of calligraphy which is greatly admired.

NORTHERN ZHOU: Anonymous, 557-581, AE cash (4.4g), H-13.32, yong tong wan guo ("everlasting circulation in ten thousand kingdoms") in seal script, graded 82 by GBCA Grading Company, VF-XF. This piece was issued in 579 AD by Emperor Xuan. Its nominal weight was 12 zhu, and the coin was meant to be equivalent to ten wu xing coins and written in the Yu Zhu (jade chopstick) style of calligraphy which is greatly admired.

NORTHERN ZHOU: Anonymous, 557-581, AE cash (3.7g), H-13.32, yong tong wan guo ("everlasting circulation in ten thousand kingdoms") in archaic script, graded 82 by Huaxia Grading Company, VF. This piece was issued in 579 AD by Emperor Xuan. Its nominal weight was 12 zhu, and the coin was meant to be equivalent to ten wu xing coins and written in the Yu Zhu (jade chopstick) style of calligraphy which is greatly admired.

TANG: Shun Tian, Rebel, 759-761, AE 50 cash (18.8g), H-14.147, crescent above on reverse, graded 82 by GBCA Grading Company, VF-XF. Shi Siming (Shun Tian) was a general of Göktürk extraction of the Tang Dynasty who followed his childhood friend An Lushan in rebelling against Tang, and who later succeeded An Lushan's son An Qingxu as emperor of the Yan state that An Lushan had established. He was killed by his own troops in the spring of 761.

QOCHO KINGDOM: Anonymous, ca. 850-1225, AE cash (7.3g), graded 80 by GBCA Grading Company, VF, ex Spink Hong Kong Auction CSS82C, "The Prestigious Academic Reference Collection of the Late Dr. Werner Burger," Lot 2124. The kingdom was founded by Huihu refugees fleeing the fall of the Uyghur Khaganate. They settled at Qocho, also known as Gaochang, modern day Turpan County of Xinjiang. Its population is referred to as the 'Xizhou Huihus' after the old Tang Chinese name for Gaochang, and their kings were titled as 'Idiqut' or 'Arslan' (lion), who received royal recognition from the Tang Dynasty. The close proximity to China and the importance of the Silk Road resulted in the cash coins in local circulation being similar to Tang Dynasty's 'Kaiyuan Tongbao' which were round with a square hole in the middle, but surrounded by a Uyghur legend. A curious ancient coin with strong Chinese influences and is an important part of the lineage of modern day Uyghurs and Yugurs.

LIAO: AE charm (30.6g), 41mm, "Mother of Nine Sons" (yi mu jiu zi) type, mother riding a dragon at top, three groups of three people around, believed to represent her nine children // twelve signs of the Chinese zodiac, graded 75 by GBCA Grading Company, F-VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection. Chinese charm collectors have traditionally interpreted the figure above the square hole as being a mother riding a dragon. Some collectors believe that the "mother" is Xi Wangmu, the "Queen Mother of the West." An article published in the January 2002 issue of the journal of the Inner Mongolia Numismatic Society proposes that the charm’s theme is "Nine Sons become Officials" (jiu zi sheng guan). Another interpretation argues that the person riding the dragon is not a mother but rather a son-in-law of a high rank. Based on this legend, every traditional Chinese family with a daughter wished for a son-in-law who would be talented enough to pass the imperial exams which would guarantee a life of honor and wealth as a high government official. This is the meaning of a "dragon-riding son-in-law."A completely different interpretation of the charm is proposed by Mr. Pei Yuan Bo in an article published in the March 2004 issue of Inner Mongolia Financial Research in which Mr. Pei argues that to understand the true meaning of the charm one must first be familiar with a mythical story concerning Huangdi, the "Yellow Emperor," who returned to the Heavens by riding a dragon. Mr. Pei interprets the three groups of three persons as representing the "Nine Provinces" (jiuzhou, a poetic name for China, celebrating Huangdi’s ascension as the king of the heavens.

LIAO: Anonymous, AE temple charm (1.1g), qian qiu wan sui ("A thousand Autumns and Ten Thousand Years), graded 78 by GBCA Grading Company, F-VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection.

WESTERN XIA: Da An, 1068-1086, AE cash (3.2g), H-18.91, t-ha-h ray lee ndzen in Tangut script (da an bao qian in Chinese), graded 82 by GBCA Grading Company, F-VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection. The Tangut script (xi xià wén) was a logographic writing system, used for writing the extinct Tangut language of the Western Xia Dynasty. Tangut characters are similar in appearance to Chinese characters, with the same type of strokes, but the methods of forming characters in the Tangut writing system are significantly different from those of forming Chinese characters. There are only five coin types in Tangut script and all are very rare.

WESTERN XIA: Da An, 1068-1086, AE cash (4g), H-18.91, t-ha-h ray lee ndzen in Tangut script (da an bao qian in Chinese), graded 82 by GBCA Grading Company, F-VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection. The Tangut script (xi xià wén) was a logographic writing system, used for writing the extinct Tangut language of the Western Xia Dynasty. Tangut characters are similar in appearance to Chinese characters, with the same type of strokes, but the methods of forming characters in the Tangut writing system are significantly different from those of forming Chinese characters. There are only five coin types in Tangut script and all are very rare.

WESTERN XIA: Da An, 1068-1086, AE cash (4g), H-18.91, t-ha-h ray lee ndzen in Tangut script (da an bao qian in Chinese), graded 80 by GBCA Grading Company, F-VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection. The Tangut script (xi xià wén) was a logographic writing system, used for writing the extinct Tangut language of the Western Xia Dynasty. Tangut characters are similar in appearance to Chinese characters, with the same type of strokes, but the methods of forming characters in the Tangut writing system are significantly different from those of forming Chinese characters. There are only five coin types in Tangut script and all are very rare.

WESTERN XIA: Da An, 1068-1086, AE cash (3.9g), H-18.91, t-ha-h ray lee ndzen in Tangut script (da an bao qian in Chinese), graded 78(05) by GBCA Grading Company, natural flan crack, F-VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection. The Tangut script (xi xià wén) was a logographic writing system, used for writing the extinct Tangut language of the Western Xia Dynasty. Tangut characters are similar in appearance to Chinese characters, with the same type of strokes, but the methods of forming characters in the Tangut writing system are significantly different from those of forming Chinese characters. There are only five coin types in Tangut script and all are very rare.

WESTERN XIA: Tian Qing, 1194-1206, AE cash (4.3g), H-18.105, ng-goor lee-oo-h lee ndzen in Tangut script (tian qing bao qian in Chinese), graded 85 by GBCA Grading Company, a superb quality example! VF-XF. The Tangut script (xi xià wén) was a logographic writing system, used for writing the extinct Tangut language of the Western Xia Dynasty. Tangut characters are similar in appearance to Chinese characters, with the same type of strokes, but the methods of forming characters in the Tangut writing system are significantly different from those of forming Chinese characters. There are only five coin types in Tangut script and all are very rare.

JIN: Da Ding, 1178-1189, AE cash, H-18.52var, double-sided, same on both sides, graded 80 by GBCA Grading Company, VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection, ex Stephen Album Auction 23, Lot 704; ex Shèngbidébao Collection.

JIN: Tai He, 1204-1209, AE 10 cash (16.1g), H-18.63, seal script, fine casting style as usual, wonderful dark brown patina, graded 85 by GBCA Grading Company, XF.

NORTHERN SONG: Zhi He, 1054-1055, iron large cash (10.8g), Fangzhou Mint, Shaanxi Province, H-16.144, fang above on reverse, a very scarce iron issue with mint name, graded 80(03) by GBCA Grading Company, repaired, VF.

NORTHERN SONG: Zhi He, 1054-1055, iron large cash (14.3g), Tongzhou Mint, Shaanxi Province, H-16.145A, tong above on reverse, a very scarce iron issue with mint name, graded 80(03) by GBCA Grading Company, repaired, VF.

NORTHERN SONG: Da Guan, 1107-1110, AE 2 cash, H-16.422s, Slender Golden script, tie mu "iron mother", a copper mother coin for the iron coin type, graded 80 by CAG Grading Company, bent, VF, RR.

NORTHERN SONG: Da Guan, 1107-1110, AE 10 cash (17.4g), H-16.426, slender golden script, graded 85 by GBCA Grading Company, XF. Slender golden script was created by Emperor Huizong (1100-1126) of the Song dynasty in the early 12th century. The name "Slender Golden" comes from the script's resemblance to twisted gold filaments. It was also inspired by an earlier calligrapher named Li Yu, who called his work "Golden Inlaid Dagger."

NORTHERN SONG: Da Guan, 1107-1110, AE 10 cash (17.6g), H-16.426, Slender golden script, graded 82 by GBCA Grading Company, VF-XF.

SOUTHERN SONG: Jian Yan, 1127-1130, AE 3 cash (7.0g), H-17.34, seal script, graded 75 (05, crack) by GBCA Grading Company, attractive brown patina, XF.

SOUTHERN SONG: Chun You, 1241-1252, AE 100 cash (26.3g), H-17.806, 52mm, large size flan, dang bai on reverse, graded 80(05) by GBCA Grading Company, natural flan crack, VF.

SOUTHERN SONG: Chun You, 1241-1252, AE 100 cash (13.9g), H-17.809, type with small flan size and small characters, denomination dang bai on reverse, some discoloration, smoothing scratches, graded Genuine by GBCA Grading Company, Choice VF.

SOUTHERN SONG: Tai He, 1204-1209, AE 10 cash (16.4g), H-18.63, seal script, fine casting style as usual, graded 85 by GBCA Grading Company, XF.

YUAN: Tian Ding, Rebel, 1359-1360, AE cash (3.1g), H-19.142, graded 78 by GBCA Grading Company, VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection, ex Stephen Album Auction 23, Lot 780; ex Jiùjinshan Collection. In August 1351, Xu Shouhui worked with others to establish the rebel army of Red Turbans under the pretense of the Buddhist White Lotus Society. In the following months of the Red Turban Rebellion, they captured Qishui and made it the command center of the Red Turbans and the capital of the newly declared Empire of Tianwan, with himself as the emperor. Xu Shouhui used the period titles Tian Qi in 1358 and Tian Ding in 1359-1360.

MING: Da Zhong, 1361-1368, AE 10 cash (16.1g), Beiping (Beijing), H-20.49, bei ping above and shi to left on reverse, bold casting, light green patina, graded 82 by GBCA Grading Company, Choice VF.

MING: Hong Wu, 1368-1398, AE 10 cash (34g), H-20.111, shi (ten) above, yi liang at right on reverse, graded 80(05) by GBCA Grading Company, natural flan crack, VF.

MING: Hong Wu, 1368-1398, AE 10 cash (20.4g), Nanjing Mint, H-20.112, jing above on obverse, shi (ten) to right, graded 78 by GBCA Grading Company, F-VF.

MING: Hong Wu, 1368-1398, AE 10 cash (32.1g), Fujian Province, H-20.115, 45mm, shi (ten) above, fu below on reverse, with old collector's number on reverse, graded 85 by GBCA Grading Company, VF-XF.

MING: Tian Qi, 1621-1627, AE 10 cash (30.8g), H-20.229, 48mm, shi (ten) above, yi liang at right on reverse, graded 82 by GBCA Grading Company, VF.

MING: Tian Qi, 1621-1627, AE 10 cash (32.8g), H-20.229, 47mm, shi (ten) above, yi liang at right on reverse, graded 80 by GBCA Grading Company, VF.

MING: Hong Wu, 1368-1398, AE 10 cash (25.5g), Nanjing Mint, H-20.112, jing above on obverse, shi (ten) at right on reverse, graded 80 by GBCA Grading Company, uneven patina, VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection, ex Stephen Album Auction 23, Lot 773. Toghon Temür, also known by the posthumous name Shundi bestowed by the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming dynasty, was a son of Kus'ala. Toghon Temür ruled as emperor of the Yuan dynasty and is considered the last Khagan of the Mongol Empire. He bore the period titles Yuan Tong 1333-1334, Zhi Yuan 1335-1340, and Zhi Zheng 1341-1368.

MING: 1 kuan, ND (1375-1505), Pick-AA10, Great Ming Treasure Note, graded 'Genuine' by GBCA Grading Company, Fine, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection, ex Teutoburger Münzauktion Auction 91, Lot 85. These Great Ming Treasure Notes were first issued in 1375 under the Hongwu Emperor, and were rather successful at first. However, overprinting led to high inflation, and later Hongzhi (1487-1505) and Zhengde (1505-1521) abolished the production of these notes. The 1 guàn (kuan) banknotes were the largest paper notes ever produced in the history of China.

NAN MING: Zhao Wu, 1678, AE 10 cash (10.4g), H-21.111, seal script, yi fen (one fen [of silver]) on reverse, graded 80(05, natural flan crack) by GBCA Grading Company, F-VF. In 1678, Wu Sangui declared himself the emperor of the "Great Zhou Dynasty," with the era name of Zhaowu. He established his capital at Hengzhou (present-day Hengyang, Hunan). When he died in October 1678, his grandson, Wu Shifan, took over command of his forces and continued the struggle until he was defeated soon after, in December 1681.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 50 cash (50g), Board of Revenue Mint, Beijing, H-22.705, East Branch Mint, cast 1854-1855, graded 85 by GBCA Grading Company, a superb example! XF.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 100 cash (44.5g), Board of Revenue mint, Beijing, H-22.710, West Branch Mint, 51mm, cast 1854-55, brass (huáng tóng) color, graded 82 by Zhong Qian Grading Company, Choice VF.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 500 cash (62.4g), Board of Revenue Mint, Beijing, H-22.712, 57mm, West branch Mint, cast March to August 1854, graded 78 by GBCA Grading Company, VF.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 500 cash (58.8g), Board of Revenue Mint, Beijing, H-22.713, North Branch Mint, fou bao type with protruding head on Manchu boo, cast only from March through August 1854, graded 82 by GBCA Grading Company, VF-XF. This is the first example of this rare branch mint type we have encountered and no others have appeared for sale on the major auction platforms.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 50 cash (36.3g), Board of Revenue Mint, Beijing, H-22.716, 42mm, Prince Qing Hui Mint, "sun & moon" above, cast May-August 1854, graded 85(03) by GBCA Grading Company, repaired, VF.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 50 cash (33.6g), Board of Revenue Mint, Beijing, H-22.716, Prince Qing Hui Mint, "sun & moon" above, cast May-August 1854, graded 78 by GBCA Grading Company, VF.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 100 cash (41.2g), Board of Revenue Mint, Beijing, H-22.717, 49mm, Prince Qing Hui Mint, 'sun & moon' above, cast May-August 1854, graded 82 by GBCA Grading Company, VF.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 100 cash (38.2g), Board of Revenue Mint, Beijing, H-22.717, 49mm, Prince Qing Hui Mint, 'sun & moon' above, cast May-August 1854, graded 80(05) by GBCA Grading Company, natural flan crack, VF.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 100 cash (38.36g), Board of Revenue Mint, Beijing, H-22.717, 48mm, Prince Qing Hui Mint, 'sun & moon' above, cast May-August 1854, graded 80 by GBCA Grading Company, VF.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 500 cash (56.3g), Board of Works Mint, Beijing, H-22.765, 55mm, Old branch Mint, cast March to August 1854, graded 82 by GBCA Grading Company, VF.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 100 cash (131g), Fuzhou Mint, Fujian Province, H-22.784, 66mm, one dot tong, brass (huang tong) color, contemporary private issue, small casting flaw on obverse rim at 7h, graded 80(07, casting defect) by GBCA Grading Company, holder with a few faint spots of residue on reverse and a couple chips on edges, Choice VF.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 10 cash (15.8g), Fuzhou Mint, Fujian Province, H-22.793, wu qian ji zhong incuse on reverse rim, cast 1853-55, graded 80 by GBCA Grading Company, cleaned, VF.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 10 cash (19.6g), Fuzhou Mint, Fujian Province, H-22.793, wu qian ji zhong incuse on reverse rim, cast 1853-55, graded 80 by GBCA Grading Company, several Chinese merchant chopmarks on reverse rim, VF.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 100 cash (54.29g), Jiangsu Province, H-22.813var, 56mm, apparently unpublished variety with hooked xian and 6-stroke bei in bao, Fine.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 100 cash (47.44g), Wuchang Mint, Hubei Province, H-22.868, 57mm, large characters, cast 1854-56, F-VF.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 100 cash (54.7g), Jiangsu Province, H-22.914, 59mm, variety with hooked xian and left-protruding bao, cast 1854-55, graded 80(05, natural casting crack) by GBCA Grading Company, VF.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 100 cash, Aksu Mint, Xinjiang Province, H-22.1078, 41mm, cast 1854-1859, large bao variety, "red cash" (hóng qián) issue, graded 80 by CAG Grading Company, VF.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 100 cash (23.51g), Aqsu Mint, Xinjiang Province, H-22.1078, 41mm, cast 1854-1859, large bao, "red cash" (hong qian) issue, light encrustation, Fine, ex SARC Auction 41, Lot 1081.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 100 cash (56.4g), Ili Mint, Xinjiang Province, H-22.1091, graded 80 by GBCA Grading Company, VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection, ex Stephen Album Auction 23, Lot 773.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 100 cash (65.1g), Ili Mint, Xinjiang Province, H-22.1091, graded 80(05) by GBCA Grading Company, natural flan crack, VF, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection, ex Stephen Album Auction 23, Lot 773.

QING: Xian Feng, 1851-1861, AE 100 cash, Ili Mint, Xinjiang Province, H-22.1092, 46mm, small size and small characters, cast 1854-55, graded 78 by CAG Grading Company, Fine.

QING: Kuang Hsu, 1875-1908, AR 50 tael (liang) sycee (1868.2g), cf. BMX Class XIV A-102, large silver Hubei Yuanbao Principal Ingot type, stamped guang xu yuan bao (Guangzu Period [1875-1908] ingot) at right, hu bei sheng zao (Made in Hubei Province) at left, shang hai (Shanghai) at center with four additional small stamps: Jiangsu, Kaifeng, Hong Kong, and Hai Phong, GBCA graded AU58, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection.

QING: Hsuan Tung, 1909-1911, AR sycee (233.9g), year 3 (1911), boat type silver ingot, stamped xuan tong san nian (Hsuan Tung year 3) at right, si chuan sheng zao (Made in Szechuan Province) at left, with zheng sheng zu yin (correctly made pure silver) at center, GBCA graded EF45.

QING: AR 12 tael (liang) sycee (443.9g), Cribb XL Class, Group F, Piaoding 'Kettle drum' type ingot from Szechuan Province, stamped yuang sheng ji zu yin (Yuansheng Bank pure silver), GBCA graded AU55+. Recovered from the 2017 Tubbs Fire in the "Northern California Firestorm," Santa Rosa, California.

CHINA: AE charm, CCC-1802, 46mm, Liu Hai shown on the right waving a string of coins at the Three-Legged Toad below // facing portrait of Liu Hai, graded 85 by GBCA Grading Company, XF. It is possible that this is actually a portrait of the "Laughing Buddha," known as budai in Chinese and Hotei in Japanese. Budai was a Zen Buddhist monk who lived in China during the Liang Dynasty (502-557 AD) and is always shown smiling and laughing with a large pot belly symbolizing happiness, good luck and abundance. Likely cast in the Qing dynasty.

CHINA: AE charm (16.3g), 20mm, tai ping in seal script, with double dragon pattern on the reverse, graded 75 by GBCA Grading Company, Fine, ex Nai-Chi Chang Collection. Likely cast in the late Qing dynasty or early Min Guo (Republic) era.

CHINA: AE charm (65.7g), Mandel-6.1.10, 77x53mm, Lei Ling hanging type "Daoist curse charm," lei zou sha gui jiang jing / zhan yao chu xie yong bao / shen qing feng / tai shang lao jun ji ji zhi ling, which translates as "God of Thunder (Lei) clear out and kill the ghosts and send down purity / Behead the demons / Expel the evil and keep us eternally safe / Let this command from Lao Zi be executed quickly" // eight trigrams with inscription qián kan gèn zhèn xùn lí kun duì around, graded 80 by GBCA Grading Company, VF, ex Bruce W. Smith Collection. The large characters at the extreme right and extreme left of the obverse are not Chinese, but rather Daoist "magic writing." Regarding the very large character on the left, the upper half is "magic writing" for the Chinese character lei, which means "thunder" and refers to the "God of Thunder." The lower part is "magic writing" for the Chinese character ling, which means "to order." This charm type was likely cast in the Qing Dynasty. The Bruce W. Smith Collection was formed in the United States from the 1960s through the 1990s.

CHINA: AE charm (16.3g), 41mm, da guan tong bao, with sycee pattern on the reverse, graded 82(05) by GBCA Grading Company, natural flan crack, VF, ex Howard F. Bowker Collection. Likely cast in the early Min Guo (Republic) era.

CHINA: AE charm (8.7g), 28mm, tai ping bai qian, with water wave pattern and pellets on the reverse, graded 82 by GBCA Grading Company, VF, ex Nai-Chi Chang Collection. Likely cast in the early Min Guo (Republic) era.

CHINA: AE charm (8.7g), 28mm, chong zhen tong bao, with running horse above on reverse, graded 78 by GBCA Grading Company, VF, ex Nai-Chi Chang Collection. Likely cast in the late Qing dynasty or the early Min Guo (Republic) era.

CHINA: AE charm (14.4g), 38mm, da guan tong bao, with treasure design on reverse, graded 78 by GBCA Grading Company, VF, ex Nai-Chi Chang Collection. Likely cast in the late Qing dynasty or the early Min Guo (Republic) era.

CHINA: AE charm (12.9g), CCC-823, 30mm, character fu at top, deer and old man at sides, spider below // wu zi deng ke fú shòu shuang quán (May your five sons achieve great success in the imperial examinations - Happiness and longevity both complete), graded 90 by GBCA Grading Company, a fantastic example! XF. Likely cast in the Qing dynasty.

CHINA: Kuang Hsu, 1875-1908, AR dollar, Central Mint, Tientsin, ND (1908), Y-14, L&M-11, graffiti, NGC graded AU details.

CHINA: Kuang Hsu, 1875-1908, AR dollar, Central Mint, Tientsin, ND (1908), Y-14, L&M-11, cleaned, NGC graded AU details.

CHINA: Kuang Hsu, 1875-1908, AR dollar, Central Mint, Tientsin, ND (1908), Y-14, L&M-11, one Chinese merchant chopmark, cleaned, NGC graded AU details.

CHINA: Hsuan Tung, 1909-1911, AE cash, Central Mint, Tientsin, ND (1910), CL-HB.84, CCC-631, cf. KM-Pn267, a lovely brown lustrous specimen quality example of this exceedingly rare pattern type without central hole issued in the final years of the Qing Dynasty, PCGS graded Specimen 63 BN.

CHINA: Empire & Republic, SET of 2 silver dollars, includes CHIHLI: Kuang Hsu, 1875-1908, AR dollar, Peiyang Arsenal Mint, Tientsin, year 34 (1908), Y-73.2, L& M-465; and CHINA: Republic, AR dollar, year 23 (1934), Y-345, L&M-110, Sun Yat-sen, Chinese junk under sail, both coins cleaned and placed into custom plastic holder "Chinese Silver Dollars" by the Washington Mint, set of 2 coins.

CHINA: Empire & Republic, SET of 2 silver dollars, includes CHIHLI: Kuang Hsu, 1875-1908, AR dollar, Peiyang Arsenal Mint, Tientsin, year 34 (1908), Y-73.2, L& M-465; and CHINA: Republic, AR dollar, year 23 (1934), Y-345, L&M-110, Sun Yat-sen, Chinese junk under sail, both coins cleaned and placed into custom plastic holder "Chinese Silver Dollars" by the Washington Mint, one side of the plastic holder is slightly loose, set of 2 coins.

CHINA: Empire & Republic, SET of 2 silver dollars, includes CHIHLI: Kuang Hsu, 1875-1908, AR dollar, Peiyang Arsenal Mint, Tientsin, year 34 (1908), Y-73.2, L& M-465; and CHINA: Republic, AR dollar, year 23 (1934), Y-345, L&M-110, Sun Yat-sen, Chinese junk under sail, both coins cleaned and placed into custom plastic holder "Chinese Silver Dollars" by the Washington Mint, set of 2 coins.

CHINA: Empire & Republic, SET of 2 silver dollars, includes CHIHLI: Kuang Hsu, 1875-1908, AR dollar, Peiyang Arsenal Mint, Tientsin, year 34 (1908), Y-73.2, L& M-465; and CHINA: Republic, AR dollar, year 23 (1934), Y-345, L&M-110, Sun Yat-sen, Chinese junk under sail, both coins cleaned and placed into custom plastic holder "Chinese Silver Dollars" by the Washington Mint, set of 2 coins.

CHINA: Empire & Republic, SET of 2 silver dollars, includes CHIHLI: Kuang Hsu, 1875-1908, AR dollar, Peiyang Arsenal Mint, Tientsin, year 34 (1908), Y-73.2, L& M-465; and CHINA: Republic, AR dollar, year 23 (1934), Y-345, L&M-110, Sun Yat-sen, Chinese junk under sail, both coins cleaned and placed into custom plastic holder "Chinese Silver Dollars" by the Washington Mint, set of 2 coins.

CHINA: Republic, AR dollar, Wuchang, ND (1912), Y-321, L&M-45, K-639, Li Yuan Hung in military uniform without cap, cleaned, accompanied by an NGC tag noting altered surfaces, AU. Due to the altered surfaces this example may not be suitable for grading at the major encapsulation services.

CHINA: Republic, AR dollar, Nanking, ND (1912), Y-319, L&M-42, commemorating the Founding of the Republic, bust of Sun Yat-sen, low stars variety, cleaned, accompanied by an NGC tag noting altered surfaces, AU. Due to the altered surfaces this example may not be suitable for grading at the major encapsulation services.

CHINA: Republic, AE 10 cash, ND (1914-17), Y-309, crossed Five-colored flags, scarce type. a brown lustrous pleasant example, NGC graded MS61 BN, ex The 1914 Collection.

CHINA: Republic, AR 10 cents, year 3 (1914), Y-326, L&M-66, Yuan Shi Kai in military uniform, attractive light toning, two-year type, NGC graded MS64, ex The 1914 Collection.

CHINA: Republic, AR 10 cents, year 3 (1914), Y-326, L&M-66, K-659, WS-0177-1, Yuan Shi Kai in military uniform, PCGS graded AU58.

CHINA: Republic, AR 20 cents, year 3 (1914), Y-327, L&M-65, Yuan Shi Kai in military uniform, lightly toned, nice eye appeal, NGC graded MS64, ex The 1914 Collection.

CHINA: Republic, AR 50 cents, year 3 (1914), Y-328, L&M-64, Yuan Shi Kai in military uniform, nicely toned, one-year type, NGC graded MS63, ex The 1914 Collection.

CHINA: Republic, AR dollar, Shanghai, year 3 (1914), Y-329, L&M-63, Yuan Shi Kai in military uniform, variety with recut stars, superb luster with clean fields, one-year type, PCGS graded MS63, ex CNG eAuction 559 Lot 705, ex The 1914 Collection.

CHINA: Republic, AR dollar, year 3 (1914), Y-329, L&M-63, Yuan Shi Kai in military uniform, blazing luster with two blotches of tone on obverse, one-year type, NGC graded MS63, ex The 1914 Collection.

CHINA: Republic, AR dollar, year 3 (1914), Y-329, L&M-63, Yuan Shi Kai in military uniform, beautiful luster with lightly toned highlights, one-year type, old NGC holder, NGC graded MS63, ex The 1914 Collection.

CHINA: Republic, AR dollar (yuan), Tientsin, ND (1914), Y-322, Kann-642, L&M-858, WS-0094, Yuan Shih-kai Founding of Republic, "Tall Hat" Dollar type, with Yuan Shih-kai facing slightly left in military dress uniform and hat with tall plume, exquisitely struck down to the finest details, fantastic luster with just a bit of peripheral toning, in old NGC holder, NGC graded MS64, ex The 1914 Collection. Yuan Shih-kai was a Chinese general and statesman. As leader of the Beiyang Army, he played a decisive role in securing the abdication of Puyi in 1912, marking the end of the Qing dynasty. He served as the second provisional president and the first formal president of the Republic of China, with his administration known as the Beiyang government. He announced himself Emperor of the Chinese Empire in December 1915 but never formally ascended the throne and abdicated in March 1916.

CHINA: Republic, AR dollar, ND (1914), Y-322, Kann-642, L&M-858, WS-0094, commemorative for the Founding of the Republic of China; facing bust of Yuan Shih Kai in military attire and tall, plumed hat // value within wreath, regular strike type, cleaned, NGC graded AU details.

CHINA: Republic, AE 20 cash, year 13 (1924), Y-312, CL-MG.136, lightly lustrous brown patina with orange highlights, PCGS graded MS63 BN. Tied for finest graded at PCGS (Top Pop: 2/0).

CHINA: Republic, AR dollar, ND (1927), Y-318a, L&M-49, K-608, WS-0160, Memento type, Sun Yat-sen, high 6-pointed stars variety, a superb lightly toned near gem example, NGC graded MS64.

CHINA: Republic, AR dollar, ND (1927), Y-318a, L&M-49, K-608, WS-0160, Memento type, Sun Yat-sen, high 6-pointed stars variety, a lovely example with a pleasantly toned obverse and bright lustrous reverse, NGC graded MS63+.

CHINA: Republic, AR dollar, ND (1927), Y-318a, L&M-49, K-608, WS-0160, Memento type, Sun Yat-sen, high 6-pointed stars variety, a pleasing mint state example, NGC graded MS62.

CHIHLI: Kuang Hsu, 1875-1908, AR dollar, Peiyang Arsenal Mint, Tientsin, year 34 (1908), Y-73.2, L&M-465, cloud-connected variety, cleaned, PCGS graded XF details.

CHIHLI: Kuang Hsu, 1875-1908, AR dollar, Peiyang Arsenal Mint, Tientsin, year 34 (1908), Y-73.2, L&M-465, cloud-connected variety, harshly cleaned, PCGS graded XF details.

CHIHLI: Kuang Hsu, 1875-1908, AR dollar, Peiyang Arsenal Mint, Tientsin, year 34 (1908), Y-73.2, L&M-465, cloud connected variety, lightly cleaned, light gray toning with golden fringes, PCGS graded XF details.

KANSU: AE 100 cash, year 3 (1914), Zeno-285299/300, Daxi-3557, cast warlord issue, light oxidation with attractive green patina on reverse, VF, ex SARC Internet Auction 29 Lot 1719, ex The 1914 Collection. Local type almost surely cast in the city of Tianshui, then under the authority of Governor Kong Fan Jing, the local warlord. Kong Fanjin was originally a subordinate of Zhang Guangjian; he successively joined two warlord factions, the Anhui clique and the Zhili clique. On March 30, the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), Kong Fanjin was appointed as the garrison envoy of Longnan on the order of the president. On March 15, 1924, Kong Fanjin was awarded the title of General Mingwei of the General Mansion. In February 1925, Kong Fanjin became a member of the aftermath meeting. In August 1926, a war broke out between Kong Fanjin and the National Revolutionary Army near eastern Gansu; Kong Fanjin was defeated and withdrew from Gansu. Later, Kong Fanjin served as the Supervisor of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Defense and other positions, and left his post to live idle after the Beiyang Government was replaced by the Nationalist Government. In the autumn of 1951, Kong Fanjin died of illness in Tianshui, Gansu.

KIANGNAN: Kuang Hsu, 1875-1908, AR dollar, CD1904, Y-145a.12, L&M-257A, variety with fewer spines, hairlines, PCGS graded EF45.

KIRIN: Kuang Hsu, 1875-1908, AR 50 cents, CD1900, Y-182.3, L&M-532, flower vase at center reverse, some hairlines, light toning, PCGS graded XF details.

KIRIN: Kuang Hsu, 1875-1908, AR 50 cents, CD1900, Y-182a, L&M-527, figure-8 yin-yang symbol at center reverse, harsh hairlines, PCGS graded VF details.

KIRIN: Kuang Hsu, 1875-1908, AE 2 cash, Kirin Arsenal Mint, ND (1905), Y-175, CL-KR.01, environmental damage, PCGS graded XF details. The Jilin (Kirin) Provincial Mint, often referred to as the Kirin Arsenal Mint, began operations in 1881, although regular production of coins did not begin until 1895. A new, more modern mint facility equipped with new coining presses, was opened in 1901. The mint was destroyed by fire in 1911.

KWANGSI: Republic, AE 10 cents, year 10 (1921), KM-Pn3, L&M-168A, K-746.IIx, pattern issue, off-metal strike in copper, a wonderful mostly red specimen quality example! PCGS graded Specimen 64 RB. Eduard Kann states that these were possibly struck at the United States Mint in Philadelphia. This was based on the fact that the patterns often show up in the USA, as well as a collection Kann viewed when writing his book. The owner of that collection was of the view that these were struck in Philadelphia. Basically the Philadelphia Mint theory is just conjecture and not based on any solid fact. It is also possible that they were struck in Canton, Kwangtung Province. The Canton mint at this time was one of the largest mints in the world (previously set up by the British). Kwangtung is also very closely located to Kwangsi and seems most logical.

KWANGSI: Republic, AE 10 cents, year 10 (1921), KM-Pn3, L&M-168A, pattern issue, off-metal strike in copper, a few small rim bumps, PCGS graded AU details. Eduard Kann states that these were possibly struck at the United States Mint in Philadelphia. This was based on the fact that the patterns often show up in the USA, as well as a collection Kann viewed when writing his book. The owner of that collection was of the view that these were struck in Philadelphia. Basically the Philadelphia Mint theory is just conjecture and not based on any solid fact. It is also possible that they were struck in Canton, Kwangtung Province. The Canton mint at this time was one of the largest mints in the world (previously set up by the British). Kwangtung is also very closely located to Kwangsi and seems most logical.

KWANGTUNG: Kuang Hsu, 1875-1908, AR dollar, Canton, ND (1890-1908), KM-203, L&M-133B, K-26, struck from Heaton Mint dies, variety with small rosettes and dot on fireball, variety with character ku not connected, with multiple large Chinese merchant chopmarks, PCGS graded VF details, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection.

KWANGTUNG: Hsuan Tung, 1909-1911, AR dollar, Canton, ND (1909-11), Y-206, L&M-138, K-31, cleaned, PCGS graded XF details.

KWANGTUNG: Hsuan Tong, 1909-1911, AR dollar, Canton, ND (1909-11), Y-206, L&M-138, cleaned, accompanied by an NGC tag noting altered surfaces, XF. Due to the altered surfaces this example may not be suitable for grading at the major encapsulation services.

KWANGTUNG: Republic, cent, year 3 (1914), Y-417A, scarcer brass subtype, better date, NGC graded MS63, ex The 1914 Collection.

SINKIANG: Hsuan Tung, 1909-1911, AR 4 miscals, ND (1910), Y-5, L&M-821, rare denomination, mount removed, light hairlines, NGC graded VF details.

SINKIANG: Republic, AR 5 miscals, AH13-32, Y-43.1, crossed vertical Five-colored flags, natural toning, NGC graded MS63, ex The 1914 Collection.

SINKIANG: Republic, AR 5 miscals, AH13-32, Y-43.1, crossed vertical Five-colored flags, superb strike, NGC graded AU50, ex The 1914 Collection.

SINKIANG: Republic, AR sar / tael, Urumchi (Tihwa), year 6 (1917), Y-45, L&M-837, with rosette variety, cleaned, PCGS graded AU details, ex Dr. Dirk Löer Collection.

SINKIANG: Hoja Niyaz Haji, 1933-1934, AE 10 cash, Kashgar, AH1352, Y-D38, CL-XJ.60a, Hijri date within wreath, sharket turkhestan cumhuriyet islamiyesi ("Islamic Republic of East Turkistan") below // crossed flags, denominations in Chinese above and Turki below, environmental damage, bold strike for type, PCGS graded AU details. The First East Turkistan Republic, officially the Islamic Republic of East Turkistan, was a short-lived breakaway would-be Islamic republic founded on November 12, 1933. It was centered on the city of Kashgar in what is today the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China. With the sacking of Kashgar in 1934 by Hui warlords nominally allied with the Kuomintang government in Nanjing, the First East Turkistan Republic was effectively eliminated.

SZECHUAN: Republic, 50 cash, year 3 (1914), Y-449.2a, Military Government issue, seal script character han at center, variety in brass, lustrous, well struck, two-year type, PCGS graded MS63, ex The 1914 Collection.

YUNNAN: Republic, AR 10 cents, ND (1911-5), Y-255, L&M-424, struck posthumously in the name of Emperor Kuang Hsu, exquisite multicolored peripheral toning, a lovely example! NGC graded MS66, ex The 1914 Collection. Apparently restruck from previously unused dies.

YUNNAN: Republic, AR 10 cents, ND (1911-15), Y-255, L&M-424, struck posthumously in the name of Emperor Kuang Hsu, wonderful luster with light smoky toning, PCGS graded MS64, ex The 1914 Collection.

YUNNAN: Republic, AR 20 cents, ND (1911-15), Y-256a, L&M-423, struck posthumously in the name of Emperor Kuang Hsu, variety in .650 silver, three circles beneath pearl, lightly toned, NGC graded MS61, ex Heritage Auction 3024 Lot 26454, ex The 1914 Collection.

YUNNAN: Republic, AR dollar, ND (1920-22), Y-258.1, L&M-421A, struck posthumously in the name of the deceased Emperor Kuang Hsu, variety with four circles under fiery pearl, harshly cleaned, NGC graded AU details.

YUNNAN: Republic, AR tael (liang), ND (1943-44), KM-A2, L&M-433, Lec-324, Trade Coinage struck at the Hanoi Mint, struck for use in the French Indochina opium trade, Chinese character fù ("wealth") // denomination in Laotian and Chinese, cleaned, PCGS graded AU details.

YUNNAN: Republic, AR tael (liang), ND (1943-44), KM-A3, L&M-435, Lec-325, Trade Coinage struck at the Hanoi Mint, struck for use in the French Indochina opium trade, small stag's head at center // denomination in Laotian and Chinese, cleaned, PCGS graded AU details.

HONG KONG: Edward VII, 1901-1910, AR 50 cents, 1905, KM-15, Prid-15, Mars-C35, nicely toned, a superb mint state example, PCGS graded MS64.

KIAUCHAU: Wilhelm II, 1897-1914, 5 cents, 1909, Y-1, J-729, Deutsche Kiautschou Gebiet // Chinese inscription dà dé guó bao at center, qing dao above, once extremely lightly cleaned, PCGS graded AU details. The Kiau Chau Bay concession (Kiautschou Bucht in German, Jiaozhou Wan in Chinese) was a territory leased by Germany from 1898 to 1914. The administrative center of the territory was located at Tsingtau (Qingdao). The Deutsch-Asiatische Bank issued copper-nickel 5 cents and 10 cents in October 1909 to cope with market confusion arising from the exchange between the Mexican 8 reales (which Chinese merchants commonly used) and the German mark. It was decreed that local authority had unlimited obligations to exchange these coins for Mexican 8 reales (as 1 yuan) and may not refuse them for transactions within 3 yuan. When Tsingtao was occupied by the Japanese military on November 7, 1914, these coins ceased to circulate.

SHANGHAI: 5 cents token (4.55g), ND (ca. 1945-50), Pan Junxiang--, TC--, 21mm, large 5¢ in center circle, AMERICAN CONSULATE GENERAL / COFFEE BAR // same design on reverse, lightly polished, extremely rare, XF. According to the consignor, this token was used at the American Consulate General in Shanghai between the end of WWII and the withdrawal of US diplomatic staff from mainland China in 1950. It was one of ten pieces found in the estate of a Shanghainese woman who once worked at the American Consulate General, located in the Glen Line Building on the Bund at the intersection of today's Zhongshan East Road and Beijing East Road.

TIBET: Dao Guang, 1820-1850, AR sho, year 2 (1822), Cr-93, L&M-648, Sino-Tibetan issue, variety with zang complete, lightly lustrous, an excellent example for this well-sought-after type, PCGS graded AU55.

TIBET: AR ga-den tangka (1½ sho), ND (ca. 1912-18), Y-F13.4, LM-628, Rhodes-F(viii), Autonomous Tibetan issue, dot to right and left of lotus; two fish with dots (NE); three dots (S), PCGS graded MS63, ex SARC Auction 42 Lot 799, ex The 1914 Collection.

TIBET: AE 2½ skar, BE 15-48 (1914), Y-16.2, Autonomous Tibetan issue, snow lion looking backwards with sun and three ornaments within circle, PCGS graded VF30, ex SARC Internet Auction 17 Lot 562, ex The 1914 Collection.

TIBET: AR 5 sho, Dode, BE 15-48 (1914), Y-18, Autonomous Tibetan issue, well struck, scarce type, PCGS graded AU50, ex Heritage Auction 3068 Lot 31116, ex The 1914 Collection.

TIBET: AR 3 srang, BE16-10 (1936), Y-26, L&M-658B, Autonomous Tibetan issue, snow lion facing left before Mount Kailash with two suns in the background // Treasure vase (a Buddhist auspicious symbol) containing foliage with scroll ornaments around, all surrounded by three Buddhist auspicious symbols (a victory banner, a dharma wheel, and a lotus flower) and Tibetan characters, a wonderful mint state example! PCGS graded MS64.

TIBET: AR rupee, ND (1911-33), Y-3.2, L&M-359, Szechuan-Tibet trade issue, small portrait of the Chinese emperor Guang Xu with collar, derived from the British Indian rupee of Queen Victoria // vertical rosette at center, Chinese inscription, si chuan sheng zao ("made in Sichuan"), branches with cusps and flowers around, a feature also derived from the reverse of British Indian rupees, lustrous, great eye appeal for this type, NGC graded MS62, ex The 1914 Collection. The Sichuan rupees of this type from the Chengdu Mint ranged from .700 to .740 fine silver.

TIBET: Autonomous Tibetan Issue, 100 srang, ND (1942-59), Pick-11a, 135x210mm note, variety with large text, orange on yellow underprint, two lions with fruit bowl at center, red and black validation seals, serial number 06469, PMG graded MS63 EPQ, ex George Anderson Collection; ex Stacks, Bowers & Ponterio April 2017 Hong Kong Auction, Lot 70639 (part); ex Sir Alexander B. Lissanevitch Collection. From a group of 25 notes that have consecutive serial numbers. They were bought in Hong Kong as a single lot in the Stack's sale.

TIBET: Autonomous Tibetan Issue, 100 srang, ND (1942-59), Pick-11a, 135x209mm note, variety with large text, orange on yellow underprint, two lions with fruit bowl at center, red and black validation seals, serial number 06468, PMG graded MS63, ex George Anderson Collection; ex Stacks, Bowers & Ponterio April 2017 Hong Kong Auction, Lot 70639 (part); ex Sir Alexander B. Lissanevitch Collection. From a group of 25 notes that have consecutive serial numbers. They were bought in Hong Kong as a single lot in the Stack's sale.