AEGINA: AR hemiobol (0.41g), ca. 480-457 BC, Meadows Group IIIa, SNG Delepierre 1534, sea turtle viewed from above, with head in profile and T-shaped dots on shell // large square incuse with skew pattern, small scratch on reverse, bold and well-centered strike, toned, VF, ex James Lamb Collection, ex Busso Peus.

BACTRIA: Anonymous, AR tetradrachm (16.78g), ca. 295/3-285/3 BC, Mitch-13a, Nicolet-Pierre & Amandry 39, cf. Bopearachchi-8 (Sophytes), imitating Athenian issue, Attic standard, helmeted head of Athena right, monogram behind // owl standing right with head facing, prow of galley right behind, AΘE before, a well-centered strike with bold details, Strike 5/5, Surface 4/5, NGC graded Choice XF, ex Roma Numismatics Auction 17, Lot 575

BACTRIA: Diodotos I Soter, ca. 255-235 BC, AR tetradrachm (16.48g), Bop-2E, in the name of Antiochos II of the Seleukid Kingdom, diademed head right // Zeus Bremetes advancing left, brandishing aegis and thunderbolt, eagle standing left by his front foot, faint hairlines, a beautiful strike from finely engraved dies, Choice VF.

BACTRIA: Antimachos I Theos, ca. 185-170 BC, AR hemidrachm (2.11g), Bop-3A, Mitch-126 (monogram not listed), diademed and draped bust right, wearing kausia // Poseidon standing facing, holding trident and filleted palm, monogram to inner right, BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΘEOY / ANTIMAΧOY, extremely rare denomination and even rarer monogram, scattered hairlines, Choice XF. This is the third known Antimachos hemidrachm with this monogram (Bop-3A). The other two are in museum collections in the UK, and we can find no other examples in auction databases. In addition, there are only five known examples with the other monogram (Bop-3B).

BACTRIA: Agathokles, c. 171-160 BC, AE square unit (5.23g), Bop-11, Mitch-1:156, 6-arch hill, sun above, ruler's name below, Brahmi akathukreyasa // railed tree, hariñasame below, assigned to the region of Taxila, VF, RR. A somewhat inferior example sold in our Auction 42, lot 2063, the only example filed on CoinArchives. Mitchiner translates the reverse text as "the golden hermitage".

BACTRIA: Eukratides I Megas, ca. 170-145 BC, AR tetradrachm (16.86g), Bop-1B, diademed and draped bust right // the Dioskouroi on horses prancing right, each holding spear and palm, monogram to lower right, boldly struck in high relief, faint marks, light luster, Strike 5/5, Surface 3/5, NGC graded Choice XF. Eukratides I 'the Great' was one of the most important rulers of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. During a roughly 26-year reign, he conquered large swaths of Pakistan and northern India and issued some of the finest coins of the ancient world, including a unique gold 20 stater (169.2g). It is through these miniature works of art bearing his image that he is remembered to this day.

BACTRIA: Eukratides I Megas, ca. 170-145 BC, AR tetradrachm (16.95g), Bop-1D, diademed and draped bust right // the Dioskouroi on horses prancing right, each holding spear and palm, monogram to lower right, a wonderful strike from a pair of well-executed dies, lustrous with a touch of toning, a gorgeous demonstration of the numismatic mastery of the Bactrian artisans, Strike 5/5, Surface 4/5, Fine Style, NGC graded Choice AU. Eukratides I 'the Great' was one of the most important rulers of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. During a roughly 26-year reign, he conquered large swaths of Pakistan and northern India and issued some of the finest coins of the ancient world, including a unique gold 20 stater (169.2g). It is through these miniature works of art bearing his image that he is remembered to this day.

BACTRIA: Eukratides I Megas, ca. 170-145 BC, AR tetradrachm (16.96g), Bop-1C, diademed and draped bust right // the Dioskouroi on horses prancing right, each holding spear and palm, monogram to left, Δ to lower right, lovely depiction of the equestrian theme, with much luster, Strike 5/5, Surface 3/5, NGC graded AU Eukratides I 'the Great' was one of the most important rulers of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. During a roughly 26-year reign, he conquered large swaths of Pakistan and northern India and issued some of the finest coins of the ancient world, including a unique gold 20 stater (169.2g). It is through these miniature works of art bearing his image that he is remembered to this day.

BACTRIA: Eukratides I Megas, ca. 170-145 BC, AR tetradrachm (16.89g), Bop-6T, diademed and draped bust right, wearing helmet with adorned bull's horn and ear // the Dioskouroi on horses prancing right, each holding spear and palm, monogram to lower right, faint hairlines and edge marks, Strike 5/5, Surface 3/5, NGC graded AU. Eukratides I 'the Great' was one of the most important rulers of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. During a roughly 26-year reign, he conquered large swaths of Pakistan and northern India and issued some of the finest coins of the ancient world, including a unique gold 20 stater (169.2g). It is through these miniature works of art bearing his image that he is remembered to this day.

CALABRIA: Tarentum, AR nomos (didrachm), ca. 315-302 BC, Vlasto-628, HNI-938, magistrates Sa-, Her-, and Ar-, rider on horse galloping right, aiming spear below, holding two other spears and shield, ΣA below // Phalanthos riding dolphin right, holding arrow and bow, |-HP and AP monogram below, TAPAΣ behind, NGC graded XF.

CALABRIA: Tarentum, AR nomos (didrachm) (7.82g), ca. 302-280 BC, Vlasto-685, HNI-964, magistrates Philon and S-, rider on horse galloping left, holding shield, Σ to right, magistrate name below horse // Phalanthos riding dolphin left, Nike flying right and crowning him, waves below, TAPAΣ to right, faint hairlines, lightly lustrous, Strike 4/5, Surface 4/5, NGC graded Choice XF.

CARIAN ISLANDS: Kos, AR tetradrachm (15.19g), ca. 285-258 BC, Requier-52, Boston MFA Supp. 195, magistrate Xanthippos, head of Herakles right, wearing lion skin headdress, crab, K-ΩIO-N above, magistrate name above bowcase below, rare, attractive well-centered strike, brushed, Strike 5/5, Surface 3/5, NGC graded XF, ex Heritage Auctions 3072, Lot 35211. Accompanied by NGC certification tag (4632828-009) without holder.

MACEDONIAN KINGDOM: Philip II, AV stater (8.61g), Pella, ca. 340/336-328 BC, Le Rider pl. 56, 95, laureate head of Apollo right // charioteer driving biga right, thunderbolt below horses, ΦIΛIΠΠOY in exergue, mount carefully removed at reverse 9h, light brushing on obverse, with much attractive luster, Choice AU, ex Rauch Auction 97, Lot 104.

MACEDONIAN KINGDOM: Alexander III 'the Great', 336-323 BC, AV stater (8.60g), Sidon, year 12 (322/1 BC), Price-3497, DCA-874, early posthumous issue struck under Laomedon, helmeted head of Athena right // Nike standing left, holding wreath in right hand and stylis in left arm, M (date) to lower left, a well-centered strike from fine dies, attractive light luster in fields, very rare, Strike 5/5, Surface 4/5, NGC graded Choice XF, ex CNG e-Auction347, Lot 110.

MYSIA: Kyzikos, EL 1/6 stater (hekte) (2.81g), ca. 550-450 BC, von Fritze-39, SNG BN 178, head of lion left, upward tunny fish to right // quadripartite incuse square, well-centered strike, light cleaning, Choice VF, ex Roma Numismatics e-Auction 4, Lot 273.

MYSIA: Kyzikos, EL stater (16.12g), ca. 500-500 BC, SNG BN 205, von Fritze I-75, half-length bust of winged female deity (harpy or siren) left, holding tunny // quadripartite incuse square, bold, well-centered strike, lightly brushed, Strike 4/5, Surface 3/5, NGC graded Choice VF, ex Roma Numismatics e-Auction 4, Lot 271.

SELEUKID KINGDOM: Antiochos II Theos, 261-246 BC, AR tetradrachm (16.96g), Alexandria in Aria (Artacoana), SC-612.12, diademed head right // Apollo seated left on omphalos, holding arrow and resting hand on grounded bow, two monograms to outer left, one each to outer right and in exergue, struck with a heavily worn obverse die (as is common for this mint), bold strike, VF-XF.

SELEUKID KINGDOM: Antiochos II Theos, 261-246 BC, AR tetradrachm (17.78g), Alexandria in Aria (Artacoana), SC-612.10, diademed head right // Apollo seated left on omphalos, holding arrow and resting hand on grounded bow, one monogram each to outer left, outer right, and in exergue, struck with a heavily worn obverse die (as is common for this mint), slight die shift on reverse, Choice VF.

SELEUKID KINGDOM: Seleukos II Kallinikos, 246-226 BC, AR tetradrachm (17.04g), Alexandria in Aria (Artacoana), SC-830.4, diademed head right // Apollo standing left, holding arrow and resting elbow on tripod, one monogram above another to outer left, a third one to outer right, struck with heavily worn obverse die (as is common for this mint), attractive bold reverse with rather barbarous calligraphy, very rare, faint smoothing scratches, VF-XF.

SELEUKID KINGDOM: Seleukos III Keraunos, 226-223 BC, AR tetradrachm (17.05g), Antioch on the Orontes, SC-921.1, diademed head right // Apollo seated left on omphalos, testing arrow with right hand and resting left hand on grounded bow, monogram to outer left, another monogram to outer right, lightly brushed, VF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection (Noble Numismatics Sale 110, Lot 2706), ex Freeman & Sear Mail Bid Sale 15, Lot 171.

SICILY: Gela, AR tetradrachm (16.84g), ca. 420-415 BC, Jenkins-469, SNG Copenhagen 270, charioteer driving quadriga left // forepart of man-headed bull left, ΓEΛA[Σ] above, VF, ex Leu Numismatik Web Auction 28, Lot 611.

ARMENIA: Tigranes II 'the Great', 95-56 BC, AR tetradrachm (15.69g), Tigranocerta, Kovacs-75.1, diademed and draped bust right, wearing tiara decorated with star between two eagles // Tyche seated right on rock, holding palm frond, river-god Orontes swimming right below, two monograms below Tyche, a few spots of roughness, VF-XF.

PHOENICIA: Sidon, Baalshallim II, ca. 401-366 BC, AR double shekel (dishekel) (27.62g), Betlyon-18, Rouvier-1096, Phoenician galley left, Phoenician B above, waves below // Persian king and driver in chariot left, king of Sidon wearing Egyptian garments following behind, holding scepter, lightly granular surface, F-VF, ex James Knox Collection (Leu Numismatik Web Auction 28, Lot 75).

ROMAN REPUBLIC: Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Younger), AR denarius (4.02g), Cordoba, 46-45 BC, Crawford-469/1a, helmeted head of Roma right, M POBLICI LEG PRO PR // Hispania standing right with shield slung on back, holding two spears in left hand and with right hand giving palm-branch to Pompey standing left on prow of ship, CN MAGNVS IMP, light smoky toning, Choice XF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection (Noble Numismatics Sale 110, Lot 2772), ex Dr. John Jacobs Collection (Superior Aug. 13, 1995, Lot 1087).

ROMAN REPUBLIC: Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Younger), AR denarius (3.98g), Cordoba, 46-45 BC, Crawford-469/1a, helmeted head of Roma right, M POBLICI LEG PRO PR // Hispania standing right with shield slung on back, holding two spears in left hand and with right hand giving palm-branch to Pompey standing left on prow of ship, CN MAGNVS IMP, light hairlines and a few faint scratches, small scrape on obverse, subtly toned with colorful notes, XF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection (Noble Numismatics Sale 110, Lot 2773).

ROMAN EMPIRE: Augustus, 27 BC-14 AD, AR denarius (3.81g), Pergamum, 21 BC, RIC-473, bare head right, AVGVST behind // laurel wreath intertwined with corona rostrata, ties at center, small planchet flaw on obverse, scrape marks on reverse, minor hornsilver, toned, Choice VF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection (Noble Numismatics Sale 110, Lot 2776).

ROMAN EMPIRE: Tiberius, 14-37 AD, AE as (11.16g), Rome, 35-36 AD, RIC-58, laureate head left, TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVST IMP VIII // rudder placed vertically across banded globe, small globe at base of rudder to right, PONTIF MAX TR POT XXXVII S C, light smoothing, glossy dark green patina, Choice VF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection (Noble Numismatics Sale 110, Lot 2786), ex Freeman & Sear.

ROMAN EMPIRE: Claudius, 41-54 AD, AE as (8.11g), Rome, 50-54 AD, RIC-111, bare head left, TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P // Constantia standing left, holding spear in left hand and raising right, S-C across field, CONSTANTIAE AVGVSTI, smoothed, small cut on obverse, glossy green patina, Choice VF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection (Noble Numismatics Sale 110, Lot 2790).

ROMAN EMPIRE: Domitian, as caesar, 69-81 AD, AV aureus (7.26g), Rome, 77-78 AD, RIC-959, laureate head right, CAESAR AVG F DOMITIANVS // barbarian kneeling right, holding standard with vexillum, COS V, well-centered strike, light marks, Strike 5/5, Surface 3/5, NGC graded Choice Fine, ex Roma Numismatics Auction 9, Lot 633.

ROMAN EMPIRE: Honorius, 393-423 AD, AV solidus (4.30g), Ravenna, 408-423 AD, RIC-1321, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right, D N HONORI-VS P F AVG // emperor standing right, holding standard in right hand and Victory on globe in left hand, spurning with left foot seated bound captive, VICTORI-A AVGGG, R V across field, COMOB in exergue, holed, several scratches and marks on obverse, VF.

ROMAN EMPIRE: Theodosius II, 402-450 AD, AV solidus (4.29g), Constantinople, RIC-234, diademed, helmeted, and cuirassed bust facing slightly right, holding spear over right shoulder, D N THEODO-SIVS P F AVG // SALVS REI PVBLICAE CONOB, Theodosius seated and Valentinian II standing, both wearing consular robe, holding mappa and cross, graffito on both sides, VF-XF.

ROMAN EMPIRE: Valentinian III, 425-455 AD, AV solidus (4.30g), Ravenna, 430-445 AD, RIC-2019, rosette-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right, D N PLA VALENTI-NIANVS P F AVG // emperor standing facing, holding long cross in right hand and Victory on globe in left hand, placing right foot on head of human-headed serpent, holed, scrape and a few scratches on obverse, VF-XF.

ROMAN EMPIRE: Libius Severus, 461-465 AD, AV solidus (4.42g), Rome, 462 AD, RIC-2704, rosette-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right, D N LIBIVS SEVE-RVS P F AVG // emperor standing facing, holding long cross and Victory on globe, placing right foot on head of human-headed serpent, VICTORI-A AVGGG, R M across field, COMOB in exergue, holed, a few light scratches, VF-XF.

ROMAN EMPIRE: Zeno, second reign, 476-491 AD, AV tremissis (1.49g), Constantinople, RIC-914, diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right, D N ZENO PERP AVG // Victory advancing right with head left, holding wreath and globus cruciger, star to right, VICTORIA AVGVSTORVM, bold strike and without any weakness, a few faint scratches, choice XF.

ROMAN PROVINCIAL, MOESIA: Marcianopolis, Macrinus, 217-218 AD, AE pentassarion (14.88g), Varbanov-1150a = H&J Markianopolis 6.24.7.2 (plate example in both), with Diadumenian as Caesar and citing Pontius Furius Pontianus as legate, draped and diademed busts of Macrinus and Diadumenian vis-à-vis, the former laureate // Apollo standing left, holding palm branch in right hand over lit altar, resting left elbow on tripod, E (mark of value) to left, a well-centered strike from a pair of finely engraved dies, VF-XF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection (CNG Auction 91, Lot 493).

ROMAN PROVINCIAL, SYRIA: Antioch, Trajan, 98-117 AD, AR tetradrachm (14.86g), 103-111 AD, Prieur-1495, RPC-3528, laureate head right, club to right, eagle right below // laureate bust of Herakles-Melqart right, wearing lion skin around neck, a gorgeous example with luminous light gray toning and iridescent fringes, XF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection.

ROMAN PROVINCIAL, THRACE: Byzantion, Elagabalus, 218-222 AD, AE30 (17.79g), RPC-1866 (illustrated example), Schönert-Geiss-1653, citing Marcus Aurelius Tatianos as legate, laureate, draped, and cuirasses bust right // two torches flanking basket containing grain ears, light smoothing, glossy dark green patina, VF-XF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection (CNG Auction 91, Lot 500).

BYZANTINE EMPIRE: Anastasius I, 491-518, AV solidus (4.22g), Constantinople, S-5, 10th officina, helmeted and cuirassed bust facing slightly right, holding spear over shoulder and shield, some graffiti to the right // VICTORI-A AVGGG I / CONOB, Victory standing, holding staff surmounted by reversed staurogram, star to left, graffiti, attractive luster, AU.

BYZANTINE EMPIRE: Tiberius II Constantine, 578-582, AV solidus (4.49g), Constantinople, SB-422, 4th officina, draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown with pendilia, holding globus cruciger and shield decorated with horseman motif // cross potent on 4 steps, struck with a slightly rusty obverse die, some light hairlines, lustrous, Unc.

BYZANTINE EMPIRE: Tiberius II Constantine, 578-582, AV solidus (4.29g), Constantinople, SB-422, 6th officina, draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing plumed helmet with pendilia, holding globus cruciger in right hand // cross potent on four steps, a couple small marks on revers, VF-XF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection.

BYZANTINE EMPIRE: Maurice Tiberius, 582-602, AV solidus (4.29g), Constantinople, SB-478, 10th officina, draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing plumed helmet with pendilia, holding globus cruciger in right hand // angel standing facing, holding staurogram-tipped staff and globus cruciger, faint scratch on reverse, typical shallow strike, a few scratches and surface roughness, VF-XF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection.

LIHYAN: Anonymous, ca. 2nd-1st century BC, AE tetradrachm (11.51g), cf. Huth-40 and Zeno-299055, imitating Athenian issues, stylized head of Athena right, crescent on cheek // owl facing, meaningless symbol to left, OE to right (from AΘE for "Athens"), very late issue of this type, possibly even 1st or 2nd century AD, from the Lihyan district in northwest Arabia, VF, RRR.

MESOPOTAMIA: Alexandrine Empire, Mazakes, satrap, ca. 331-322 BC, AR tetradrachm (16.98g), Le Rider, pp. 214-9, Van Alfen Group IV, 89 (AJN 12, 2000), imitating Athenian issue, helmeted head of Athena right // owl standing right with head facing, crescent and olive spray to left, Θ and Aramaic MZDK to right, struck with worn obverse die, testcut on obverse, light cleaning scratches, VF. See Triton XXIX, Lot 5473 for an example struck from the same dies.

ACHAIMENIDIAN EMPIRE: temp. Xerxes II to Artaxerxes II, ca. 420-375 BC, AV daric (8.36g), Carradice Type-IIIb (late type), BMC Arabia pl. XXIV-26, Sunrise-24, Persian king or hero, wearing kidaris and kandys, quiver over shoulder, in kneeling-running stance right, holding spear and bow // incuse punch, Strike 4/5, Surface 4/5, NGC graded Choice VF.

PARTHIAN KINGDOM: Phraates III, ca. 70-57 BC, AR drachm (3.72g), Ekbatana, Shore--, Sellwood-35.1var (reverse inscriptions), diademed bust facing, wearing necklet with medallion // archer seated right, mintmark below bow, seven-line inscriptions, light porosity, Choice VF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection (Baldwin's Auction 96, part of Lot 3153).

SASANIAN KINGDOM: Shahpur I, 241-272, AV dinar (7.38g), G-21, type IIc/1b, diademed bust of Shahpur right, wearing mural crown with korymbos, three pellets below diadem ends // fire altar flanked by two attendants, each wearing mural crown and holding long spear, looking away from the fire, lovely bold portrait, choice AU, R.

SASANIAN KINGDOM: Varhran II, 276-293, AR drachm (4.17g), G-64 (VII/2), busts of the king, queen, and prince, the prince not holding anything // fire altar & two attendants, both with korymbos, fravahr left of the flames; excellent strike; lightly cleaned, XF.

ALKHON HUNS: Mihirakula, ca. 515-530, AE unit (7.67g), Mitch-3779, king standing, holding spear & offering sacrifice, legend around // Ardoksho enthroned, holding cornucopia and diadem; unusually nice example, VF, RR.

HUNNIC TRIBES: Anonymous, dates unknown, AR unit (2.65g), Zeno-352326 (this piece), see also Zeno-279809 for further information, bearded bust right, wearing winged crown with korymbos, symbol (sometimes identified as ankus) and tamgha to right // three-line Bactrian legend, with 3 additional symbols below; one of two known examples (the other is Zeno-279809 that weighs only 1.33g), VF, RRRR. Nicholas Sims-Williams has suggested (on Zeno-279809) that this example should be classified under the Western Turk Yabghus and may include a name like Vasu or Uvasu for the ruler. He has also suggested should be numerals for the date of 494 in the Bactrian era, which would be approximately 716 AD, but that is very tentative.

YUEH CHI: Pabes, late 1st century BC, AR obol (0.58g), Mitch-2834, Pieper-1699, helmeted bust right of Indo-Greek style // Hercules standing, holding club & lionskin, with the name PABES both sides; lovely example! VF-XF.

ARAB-SASANIAN: Aslam (Asram) b. 'Anfawa, fl. 686, AR drachm (2.66g), GD (Jayy), AH67, A-F27, standard obverse with the Pahlavi name read as aslm i awpawa, though the patronymic seems more like swphan, with small Pahlavi monogram in ObQ1 // standard reverse with clear mint & date, clipped down to a later standard, VF. The only other known example is in the Fitzwilliam Museum, #CM.IS.31-R. This is the second known example. The Fitzwilliam example is illustrated by Hodge Malek in Volume I, p. 272, with a brief discussion of what little might be known of this governor.

ARAB-SASANIAN: Khusraw "lillâh" type, ca. 656-670?? AR drachm (3.98g), WH (Junday Sabur), YE35, A-A6, Malek-1274, with just lillah ("for God") instead of bism Allah in the second quadrant of the obverse margin, VF-XF, RR.

ARAB-SASANIAN: Anonymous, AR drachm (3.48g), AKWLA (al-Kufa), A-34G, Malek-12 (different dies), with muhammad rasul Allah replacing the governor's name right of the portrait, with bism Allah la ilah / illa Alla wahdahu filling ObQ2 and ObQ3 // mint name in the usual location, but undeciphered symbol or monogram replacing the date; 4th outer circle added on the reverse; exceedintly rare, only the 2nd known example! XF, RRRR. This is a newly discovered Arab-Sasanian drachm with "Muhammad Rasul Allah" instead of the ruler or governor's name before the obverse portrait, and only one of two known from the mint of AKWLA (al-Kufa). The three previously known versions (A-34D, 34E, 34F) are likely all produced during the AH70s (690s) and all are of extreme rarity.

ARAB-SASANIAN: 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad, 673-683, AR drachm (3.78g), BH, AH61, A-12, Malek-209 (listed by Malek as AH60, but clearly 61 in his illustration), unidentified mint, but the similarity to the BCLA (al-Basra) drachms of AH61 suggests that it should be a mint somewhere in either southern Iraq or Khuzestan province, choice XF-AU.

ARAB-SASANIAN: Khalid b. 'Abd Allah, ca. 692-694, AR drachm (3.66g), BCLA (al-Basra), AH74, A-24A, Malek, with muhammad rasul Allah in ObQ3, pellet after bism Allah in ObQ2; extra outer circle added around the reverse, used at Basra AH73-75, of which only AH73 is occasionally available; evenly worn, Fine, RRR.

ARAB-SASANIAN: Khusraw type, 691-693, AR dirham (2.87g), Dimashq, AH72, A-D6, Malek-524, standard obverse with the name of Khusro right of the portrait, and the Islamic statement bism Alah / muhammad rasul / Allah in the margin // normal reverse (fire altar & two attendants), mint name to left, date written out to right, both in Arabic; clipped down to the post-reform Umayyad standard, VF, RRR. This is the first Islamic coin to bear the Hijri date written out in Arabic, always in Pahlavi for earlier dates.

ARAB-SASANIAN: Khusraw type, 691-693, AR dirham (3.12g), Dimashq, AH73, A-D6, cf. Malek-525, standard obverse with the name of Khusro right of the portrait, and the full Islamic statement bism Alah la ilah illa Allah muhammad rasul Allah filling the entire margin // normal reverse (fire altar & two attendants), mint name to left, date written out to right, both in Arabic; some light porosity, nearly XF, RRR. Malek-525 has the mint name right and the date left on the reverse, but most examples, including this piece and all of the 6 examples filed on CoinArchives, have the mint left and the date right.

ARAB-SASANIAN: al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf, 694-713, AR drachm (3.84g), BYSh (Bishapur), AH81, A-35.2, very rare subtype, with the name al-Hajjaj repeated in Pahlavi (hagag) in ObQ3; evenly worn, Fine, RR.

ARAB-SASANIAN: al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf, 694-713, AR drachm (4.05g), DA+P (Fasâ, YE71 (=AH83/84), A-36, Malek-510/512 (different dies), governor's name in Pahlavi (HAKAK Y YWSPAN), Pahlavi MN in ObQ3 // pellet at 11:30 in the margin; a lovely strike with light even wear, XF, RRR.

ARAB-ARMENIAN: Anonymous, early 700s, AR zuzun (2.76g), NM, stylized year "6", A-M97, in the name of the Sasanian king Hormizd IV, with the full Shahada filling the obverse margin after the phrase bism Allah, and with the denomination ZWZWN, Aramaic for "drachm", instead of a mint name on the standard position on the reverse, excellent strike for this type, XF, RRRR. There are three genuine examples of this type with the full Shahada posted on Zeno, #96964 with the additional phrase "rabbi Allah" added on the reverse margin (sold in M&E Auction 48, Lot 1), #153562 with "rabbi Allah" instead of ZWZWN at the mint location on the reverse, and #314067, without "rabbi Allah" (sold in our Auction 46, lot 173). The full Shahada was introduced on the Arab-Sasanian coinage during the governorship of al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf (694-713), whence it seems likely that this type could not have been introduced before 694, replaced shortly afterwards by the type that replaced the name Hormizd with Muhammad (A-E97) and the Arabic word "waf" in the obverse margin, introduced circa 700. The prototype was the relatively common Sasanian-Armenian type in the name of Hormizd, usually with year "6" and the phrase ZWZWN in lieu of a mint name (e.g., Zeno-17577).

ARAB-BYZANTINE: Two Standing Figures, ca. 690s, AE fals (2.73g), NM, A-3515A, first half of the kalima divided, la ilah illa to the right, Allah wahdahu left, and la sharik lahu between the 2 figures on the similar type A-3515 // circle-on-steps, star left & right, same half of kalima repeated as circular legend around, F-VF, RRR. Generally as type A-3515 (Walker-Kh.1), but with "la sharik lahu" instead of "muhammad rasul Allah" between the two figures.

ARAB-BYZANTINE: Standing Caliph, ca. 692-700, AE fals (3.10g), Iliyâ (Jerusalem), ND, A-3545, standing caliph, muhammad rasul Allah around // cursive m, filastin right and iliya left, well-centered strike without any weakness, strong VF. Iliya is from the Roman Imperial Latin name Aelia Capitolina for the city of Jerusalem.

UMAYYAD: 'Abd al-Malik, 685-705, AR dirham (2.88g), al-Kufa, AH80, A-126, Klat-541, superb strike for this early issue of al-Kufa, choice AU, R, ex Stephen Giles Collection.

UMAYYAD: 'Abd al-Malik, 685-705, AR dirham (2.83g), Hamadhan, AH82, A-126, Klat-665, with the full version of "2" in the date, ithnatayn with the initial alif rather than the shortened version thanatayn without the initial alif; this appears to be the first known version of Hamadhan 82 with the full version of the "2", XF, RRR. No examples of Hamadhan AH82 of any version are cited on CoinArchives or acsearch, just one on Zeno (shortened "2" of the date "thanatayn").

UMAYYAD: 'Abd al-Malik, 685-705, AR dirham (2.52g), Dabil (Dvin in Armenia), AH86, A-126, Klat-287, lovely well-centered strike, VF-XF, RR.

UMAYYAD: al-Walid I, 705-715, AV dinar (4.26g), NM (Dimashq), AH90, A-127, choice XF.

UMAYYAD: al-Walid I, 705-715, AV dinar (4.28g), NM (Dimashq), AH94, A-127, wonderful strike, XF-AU.

UMAYYAD: al-Walid I, 705-715, AV dinar (4.23g), NM (Dimashq), AH95, A-127, XF.

UMAYYAD: al-Walid I, 705-715, AR dirham (2.91g), Herat, AH90, A-128, Klat-653b, wonderful example, better date, XF-AU, ex Stephen Giles Collection.

UMAYYAD: Sulayman, 715-717, AV dinar (4.25g), NM (Dimashq), AH97, A-130, lovely strike, traces of original luster on the reverse, choice AU.

UMAYYAD: 'Umar, 717-720, AV dinar (4.27g), NM (Dimashq), AH100, A-132, excellent strike, choice AU.

UMAYYAD: 'Umar, 717-720, AR dirham (2.91g), Wasit, AH101, A-133, Klat-695, moderate rarity; wonderful example with traces of original luster, AU, R, ex Stephen Giles Collection.

UMAYYAD: Hisham, 724-743, AV dinar (4.26g), NM (Dimashq), AH106, A-136, bold strike, choice XF-AU.

UMAYYAD: Hisham, 724-743, AR dirham (2.81g), Marw, AH114, A-137, Klat-601, very rare subtype, with the word bakh ("good") added three times in the obverse margin, VF, RRR.

UMAYYAD: Hisham, 724-743, AR dirham (2.72g), al-Jazira, AH132, A-137, Klat-228b, many light adhesions on both sides; bold strike; a rare date, but the only affordable Umayyad dirham dated in the last Umayyad caliphate year AH132, VF, RR, ex Stephen Giles Collection.

UMAYYAD: Ibrahim, 744, AV dinar (4.26g), NM (Dimashq), AH127, A-T140, superb quality, and the 2nd rarest date of the Umayyad gold dinars (only AH77 is rarer); some original luster and one of the finest known examples of this rare date, AU, RRR.

UMAYYAD: AE fals (2.38g), Tawwaj, AH102, A-L205, mint name below amar Allah bi'l-wafâ wa'l-'adl and with the mint repeated and the date in the reverse margin; some porosity but almost completely legible on both sides, nice Fine, RRR. The only other recorded example of this type of Tawwaj was sold in our Auction 51, lot 102.

ABBASID REVOLUTION: Anonymous, 744-751, AR dirham, Jayy, AH128, A-206.1, Klat-269, a relatively common mint/date combination for the Abbasid Revolution dirhams, but rarely known in this magnificent condition, NGC graded MS64.

ABBASID REVOLUTION: Anonymous, 744-781, AR dirham (2.76g), Jayy, AH128, A-206.1, Klat-269, struck by partisans of 'Abd Allah b. Mu'awiya, VF-XF, ex Stephen Giles Collection.

ABBASID REVOLUTION: Anonymous, 744-751, AR dirham, Darabjird, AH129, A-206.1, Klat-302, one of the rarest mints of the Abbasid Revolution silver coinage, and this is probably the finest example, NGC graded AU58, RR. Klat lists 2 pieces for AH128 and just 2 for 129, and there have been 5 more pieces date 129 filed on CoinArchives.

ABBASID REVOLUTION: 'Abd al-Rahman b. Muslim, AE fals (2.84g), Abarshahr, AH130, A-208A, first half of the kalima in center, Qur'an verse 42:23 in margin // last part of kalima followed by the mint name in center, both the name 'Abd al-Rahman b. Muslim and the date in the margin; the only known example of this type from the mint of Abarshahr, VF, RRR, ex CNG Islamic Auction 9, lot 55.

ABBASID: al-Mansur, 754-775, AV dinar (4.26g), NM, AH156, A-212, Unc.

ABBASID: al-Mahdi, 775-785, AR dirham (2.64g), al-Yamama, AH166, A-215.1, inscribed hajar below the reverse field, bold strike, nearly XF, R. Al-Yamama was the first mint in Arabia to strike silver coins, located near the modern city of Riyadh, with its administrative capital at the town of Hajar. It operated AH165-170.

ABBASID: al-Rashid, 786-809, AR dirham (2.32g), Arran, AH192, A-219.2a, citing the governor Sulayman b. al-Asam, but without the additional official Musâd, normally cited on dirhams of Arran 192, strong VF, RR.

ABBASID: al-Amin, 809-813, AV dinar (4.08g), NM (Egypt), AH195, A-220.2, citing al-Amin below and lil-khalifa above the reverse field; one ding on the reverse, VF.

ABBASID: al-Ma'mun, 810-833, AR dirham (2.99g), Wasit, AH200, A-223.4, Lowick-1485, citing al-Hasan below the obverse field, Dhu'l-Ri'asatayn below reverse (with the additional letter K below), very rare mint for al-Ma'mun, choice VF, RR.

ABBASID: al-Ma'mun, 810-833, AR dirham (2.93g), Madinat Arran, AH214, A-223.8, Vardanyan (same reverse legend as Var-173 dated AH215), citing the officials Khalid b. Yazid and Ibrahim b. 'Attâb, bold strike, VF, RRR.

ABBASID: al-Ma'mun, 810-833, AR dirham (2.95g), Samarqand, AH202, A-224, citing 'Ali b. Musa al-Rida, recognized as heir by al-Ma'mun, representing his attempt to establish peace and cooperation between the Sunni and Shi'a branches of Islam, also citing the vizier Dhu'l-Ri'asatayn; a lovely example! choice XF.

ABBASID: al Wathiq, 842-847, AV dinar (4.04g), Madinat al-Salam, AH230, A-227, Bernardi-152Jh, light cleaning, XF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection (Noble Numismatics Sale 110, Lot 2881).

ABBASID: al-Mutawakkil, 847-861, AV dinar (4.00g), Misr, AH239, A-229.2, Bernardi-157De, citing the caliphal heir apparent Abu 'Abd Allah (later the caliph al-Mu'tazz), light cleaning, VF-XF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection (Noble Numismatics Sale 110, Lot 2882).

ABBASID: al-Mu'tamid, 870-892, AV dinar (4.26g), Madinat al-Salam, AH275, A-239.7, Bernardi-184Jh, citing the principal heir al-Muwaffaq with his title al-nasir li-din Allah on the obverse, his son Ahmad b. al-Muwaffaq on the reverse, VF-XF, R.

REBELLION AT AL-MAWSIL: Ishaq b. Kundaj, 889-891, AR dirham (2.91g), Ra's al-'Ayn, AH277, A-669L, Zeno-377669 (this piece), Ishaq b. Kundâj was originally an 'Abbasid military office of considerable importance, but in 889 (AH276) he rebelled at al-Mawsil against the caliphate and struck coins with his title dhu'l-sayfayn ("possessor of the two swords") which he had originally acquired from the caliiph al-Mu'tamiid. Unique and unpublished! VF, RRRR. All previously known gold and silver coins of Ishaq b. Kundaj, cited only as Dhu'l-Sayfayn, were struck at al-Mawsil AH276-278 and this is the first known coins of Ra's al-'Ayn, which was located about 150 miles west of al-Mawsil. This example shows that he still nominally cited the calph al-Mutadid and his heirs, plus the unidentified Muhammad below the obverse. NOTE: We had this attributed differently in the printed auction catalog. The description was updated on April 27, 2026.

ABBASID: al-Mu'tamid, 870-892, AR dirham (3.00g), al-Ma'din, AH267, A-240.10, citing only the caliph al-Mu'tamid, with a few spots of weakness but the mint & date fully legible; only the 2nd known example of this mint for al-Mu'tamid (the other dated AH273), F-VF, RRR. The mint name means "the mine" or "the market", in this case located somewhere around Andaraba or Banjhir. The same entered Spanish, spelled Almaden, which became the name of a mining town near San Jose, California.

ABBASID: al-Mu'tadid, 892-902, AV dinar (3.65g), al-Rafiqa, AH282, A-241, slightly uneven surfaces, but still a bold strike, VF-XF, R.

ABBASID: al-Mu'tadid, 892-902, AR donative fractional dirham (0.82g), NM, AH280, A-242C, Zeno-366164 (this piece), citing the caliph in the obverse center; modestly cleaned; bold strike with no weakness, XF, RRR.

ABBASID: al-Muktafi, 902-908, AR dirham (2.55g), Tiflis (Tbilisi in Georgia), AH294, A-244.1, decent strike, VF-XF, RR.

ABBASID: al-Muqtadir, 908-932, AV dinar (4.21g), Harrân, AH302, A-245.2, Bernardi-242Hj, Bernardi cites only the years AH298-301 for Harran under al-Muqtadir; this appears to be the only known specimen dated AH302, VF-XF, RRR.

ABBASID: al-Muqtadir, 908-932, AV dinar (4.69g), Filastin, AH299, A-245.2, Bernardi-242Gn, VF-XF, RR. Bernardi cites only 3 examples NOTE: We incorrectly called this AH302 in the printed auction catalog.

ABBASID: al-Muqtadir, 908-932, AV dinar (4.51g), al-Ahwaz, AH312, A-245.2, citing the caliphal heir apparent Abu al-'Abbas (later the caliph al-Radi), light cleaning, Choice VF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection (Noble Numismatics Sale 110, Lot 2883).

ABBASID: al-Muqtadir, 908-932, AR dirham (2.82g), Makka (Mecca), AH298, A-246, bold mint & date, appears to be the third confirmed dirham of Makka dated AH298, VF-XF, RRR. Struck from the same dies as the example sold in the St. James Auction 52, lot 3050.

ABBASID: al-Muqtadir, 908-932, AR dirham (3.43g), Tiflis, AH314, A-246, Bennett-67, standard type, with clear mint & date, some weakness, VF, RRR.

ABBASID: al-Muqtadir, 908-932, AR donative 1/4 dirham (0.52g), NM, AH303, A-246B, standard type, with name and title of al-Muqtadir divided between the obverse & reverse center, short kalima in the obverse margin, the date formula in the reverse margin; pierced and some light porosity, VF, RRR.

ABBASID: al-Qahir, 932-934, AV dinar, Tustar min al-Ahwaz, AH322, A-252, with additional royal title that means "the avenger of God's enemies for the sake of God's religion", ANACS graded AU50.

ABBASID: al-Radi, 934-940, AV dinar (3.97g), al-Ahwaz, AH323, A-254.1, lightly wavy flan, light cleaning, VF-XF, ex Dr. Vincent John Adams Flynn Collection (Noble Numismatics Sale 110, Lot 2880).

ABBASID: al-Radi, 934-940, AV dinar (3.49g), Mah al-Kufa (= Dinawar), AH326, A-254.1, Bernardi-285Mr, formerly a very rare mint for al-Radi, it is now only moderately rare, XF-AU, R.

ABBASID: al-Muttaqi, 940-944, AV dinar (4.45g), Madinat al-Salam, AH331, A-260, citing the Hamdanid amirs Nasir al-Dawla Abu Muhammad and Sayf al-Dawla Abu'l-Hasan, with the word "ibriz" below the reverse field, an Arabic word derived from the Byzantine word meaning "pure gold"; beautiful strike, choice VF-XF.

LOT WITHDRAWN - Listed In Error ABBASID: al-Musta'sim, 1242-1258, AV heavy dinar (13.12g), Madinat al-Salam, AH650, A-275, some spots of weakness on either side, but the mint and date are clear, lustrous fields, NGC graded AU53

ABBASID: al-Musta'sim, 1242-1258, AV dinar (8.48g) (Madinat al-Salam), AH656, A-275, only the first letter of the crucial last digit of the date is clearly visible (the 65 of the date is fully legible), XF, RRR. Madinat al-Salam was invaded by the Mongol armies in AH656 (1268). The caliph al-Musta'sim was captured and executed, allegedly stamped to death by an elephant. Also most of the sources claim that the city was uttered destroyed, that is clearly just an exaggeration, as Mongol gold and silver coins were struck at Madinat al-Salam later in AH656!

ABBASID: AE fals (2.59g), Makka, ND, A-M300, lillah in the center, citing the heir apparent al-Muwaffaq in the margin // the mint Makka (Mecca in Saudi Arabia) in the center, with the governor Harun b. Muhammad in the margin; unpublished and unique, Fine, RRRR. Though the attribution seemed at first tentative, it makes sense because Harun b. Muhammad was the Abbasid governor of Makka (AH268-271) during the eastern heirship of al-Muwaffaq (AH260-273), who is also cited on dinars of San'a struck AH263-274 together with his son Ahmad (AH274-278).

ABBASID: AE fals (3.91g), Makka, AH205, A-M300, cf. Zeno-258878, citing the mint Makka below the obverse field and the name Muhammad above and the word 'adl below the reverse field; some corrosion, Fine, RRR.

ABBASID: AE fals (2.89g), Hamadan, AH200, A-322, Miles-402, in the name of the governor al-Husayn b. 'Umar al-Rustami, with his honorific title mawla amir al-mu'minin, assigned to him by the caliph al-Ma'mun for the military service he provided during the civil war with al-Amin (AH193-198), VF, RRR.

IDRISID: Yahya I b. Muhammad, 849-863, AR dirham` (1.83g), Warzîgha, AH244, A-W425, E-, the first known coin of Yahya I that actually bears his name, with yahya instead of ali below the obverse field, and his full name yahya bin muhammad below the reverse field; full both mint & date, new discovery and unique! VF-XF, RRRR. Warzigha is an extremely rare mint, published by Eustache for AH224, 226, 234, probably 240, and 247. There are none on CoinArchives (except one that was described as possibly Warzigha or Wargha, date unclear) and none on Zeno. This is the first known coin of Yahya I b. Muhammad that actually citing his name!

LATER IDRISID: al-Qasim b. Muhammad, 938-948, AR fractional dirham (0.46g), NM, ND, A-U430, citing the ruler al-Qasim b. Muhammad on the obverse, the Fatimid Imam al-Qa'im (934-946) by his personal name Muhammad and the title al-imam on the reverse; probably without mint and date; the first discovered coin of the last Idrisid rulers and unique! VF, RRRR. The Idrisids were evicted from their capital city Fês in 927, re-emmerged in the Rif Mountains in northern Morocco by about 937 or 938, where they continued to ruler a small area until some time between about 974 and 985. No coins of the late Idrisids have yet been published, as this is the first.

BANU IFRAN: Yaddû b. Ya'lâ, 958-993, AR dirham (1.32g), A-457N, Sunni kalima // legend al-imam ma'add / amir al-mu'minin / yaddû, where the name Ma'add refers to the Fatimid Imam al-Mu'izz (953-975), possible mint & date in the obverse margin, but off flan on this example, VF, RRR.

ALMORAVID: 'Ali, 1106-1142, AV dinar (4.02g), Sijilmasa, AH501, A-466.1, H-263, without heir, excellent VF, RR.

ALMORAVID: 'Ali, 1106-1142, AV dinar (4.10g), Sijilmasa, AH516, A-466.1, Hazard (same type as AH518, Haz-180, without heir, unusual obverse legend arrangement used only at Sijilmasa from AH499 (sic) to 521, bold VF, RR.

ALMORAVID: 'Ali, 1106-1142, AV dinar (4.17g), al-Mariya (Almería in Spain), AH537, A-466.3, citing the heir apparent Tashufin, crude calligraphy, as was typical of the later dates of al-Mariya under 'Ali b. Yusuf, VF-XF.

ALMORAVID: Tashufin b. 'Ali, 1142-1145, AV dinar (3.44g), Sijilmasa, AH534 (sic), A-471.1, H-, despite the date, this is surely another posthumous issue, presumably struck by order of straggling local authorities still loyal to the defeated Almoravids; creased, but decent quality, and appeared to be unpublished and probably unique, XF, RRRR. The same type, dated 544, has been reported by Hazard, his #407, and there is also 543 (sold in our Auction 40, lot 310).

ALMORAVID: Tashufin b. 'Ali, 1142-1145, AV dinar (4.16g), Aghmat, AH538, A-471.1, H-405, excellent strike, without any weakness, lovely VF, RR.

ALMOHAD: Abu Yusuf Ya'qub, 1184-1199, AV dinar (4.46g), NM, A-484, H-500, citing the ruler in the obverse margin; excellent strike, VF-XF.

ALMOHAD: Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad, 1199-1213, AV dinar (4.63g), NM, A-485, H-506, citing the ruler in the reverse margin, slightly crinkled with small aperture, bold strike, VF.

ALMOHAD: Abu Ya'qub Yusuf II, 1213-1224, AV dinar (4.64g), NM, A-486, H-508, complex margin legends, citing Abu Ya'qub Yusuf on the reverse, his father Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad on the obverse margin; wonderful strike, choice XF, RR.

ALMOHAD: Abu Zakariya' Yahya, 1227-1236, AV dinar (4.63g), NM, A-488, H-512, citing the ruler in the obverse margin; excellent strike, superb XF, RRR. In rebellion against Abu'l-'Ula Idris until 629, then opposed by Abu Muhammad 'Abd al-Wahid II 630-633. Only two examples cited on CoinArchives.

HAFSID: Abu Zakariya' Yahya I, 1230-1249, AV ½ dinar (2.34g), NM, ND, A-499.1, H-, citing the Almohad Imam 'Abd al-Mu'min with the unusual title al-khalifa; Yahya I cited in the obverse margin as al-amir al-ajall abu / zakariya yahya / bin abi muhammad / bin abi hafs, lovely VF, RRR. Almost certainly an unpublished variety for this reign, with what appear to be previously unrecorded legends.

ZIYANID: Abu Tashufin 'Abd al-Rahman I, 1318-1337, AV dinar (4.57g), blundered mint name, A-515.2-var, posthumous imitation, crudely engraved legends on both sides, the "mint name" is a very crudely engraved tilimsan, NGC graded MS62. The Ziyanids lost control of their capital at Tilimsan (Tlemcen) in AH737, regained it in AH760 (plus a very brief recovery during part of 749-753), and it is likely that the first imitations were struck somewhere during that period.

ZIYANID: Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad V, 1462-1468, AV ¼ dinar (1.07g), Tilimsan, ND, A-519H, Hazard-669, lovely strike, VF-XF, RRR, ex Jim Farr Collection.

MERINID: Abu Yahya Abu Bakr, 1244-1258, AV 1/2 dinar (2.33g), Fès, ND, A-521, H-687, Zeno-298547, Elhadri has reassigned this anonymous type to Abu'l-Hasan 'Ali, 1331-1351; the calligraphic style is clearly 14th century, not 13th century, VF, R.

SA'DIAN SHARIFS: Abu'l-'Abbas Ahmad, 1578-1603, AV dinar (4.60g), Marrakesh, AH1010, A-565.2, 3rd issue; bold strike with full legends on both sides and very clear date in words, choice VF, R.

ALAWI SHARIF: Sulayman, 1793-1822, AV bunduqi, Fès, AH1217//1217, A-618, clear date, NGC graded Fine. NOTE: The weight is not on the label but these are usually around 3.3g.

TULUNID: Khumarawayh b. Ahmad, 884-896, AV dinar (4.42g), Halab, AH281, A-664, with the letter "k" below the reverse field; very rare mint and with traces of original luster, XF-AU, RR.

TULUNID: Khumarawayh b. Ahmad, 884-896, AV dinar (4.42g), Halab, AH281, A-664, Bernardi-213Gd, beautiful XF, RR.

TULUNID: Khumarawayh b. Ahmad, 884-896, AR dirham (2.77g), Misr, AH282, A-665, slight weakness in the centers and some light adhesions in the margins; bold mint & date, VF, R.

TULUNID: Khumarawayh, 884-896, AR dirham (2.91g), al-Rafiqa, AH274, A-665.1, "4" of date (arba') recut over "3" (thalath), bold strike, same dies as lot 252 sold in our Auction 29, XF.

TULUNID: Khumarawayh, 884-896, AR donative dirham (2.61g), Misr, AH276, A-665E, legends identical to the normal dirham of Khumarawayh (A-655 with the Abbasid heir al-Mufawwad); mount removed, Fine, R.

TULUNID: Harun b. Khumarawayh, 896-905, AV dinar (4.08g), Hims, AH287, A-667, slightly uneven surfaces but a very bold strike, rare mint for the Tulunids; minor weakness in the margins, XF, RR NOTE: The image of this coin is incorrect in the printed auction catalog. (It was switched with Lot 136). We corrected the images online on April 28, 2026.

TULUNID: Harun b. Khumarawayh, 896-905, AV dinar (3.69g), Filastin, AH290, A-667, slightly uneven surfaces but a bold strike, scarce mint, better date, bold VF, R NOTE: The image of this coin is incorrect in the printed auction catalog. (It was switched with Lot 135). We corrected the images online on April 28, 2026.

IKHSHIDID: 'Ali b. al-Ikhshid, 961-966, AV dinar (2.97g), Filastin, AH353, A-678, with the letter K for the chamberlain Kafur; slightly crimped, VF. Abu'l-Misk Kafur was a Black African slave purchased from Ethiopia by Abu'l-Qasim. He rose through the ranks, eventually becoming regent to the young 'Ali. He became sole Ikhshidid ruler upon 'Ali's death in 355/966.

QARAMITA (QARMATID): Ishaq, Kisra, and Ja'far, fl. 976, AR dirham (3.02g), Filastin, AH(3)65, A-683E, the three brothers were all cousins of the former chief Sayyid al-Hasan b. Ahmad; about 20% flat, clear mint & date, VF, RRR. The only known type of the three brothers was struck solely at Filastin briefly in AH365.

FATIMID: 'Abd Allah al-Shi'i, 908-909, AV dinar (4.18g), al-Qayrawan (in Tunisia), AH297, A-N688, In addition to the traditional kalima, the phrase balaghat hujjat Allah, "the proof of God has arrived" is inscribed in the obverse field, and tafarraqa a'dâ Allah, "the enemies of God have dispersed" in the reverse field; superb strike, with full legends everywhere, beautiful XF, RRRR.

FATIMID: al-Mahdi, 909-934, AV 1/4 dinar (1.04g), NM, DM, A-689, style of Nicol-79 ff, XF-AU.

FATIMID: al-Qa'im, 934-946, AV 1/4 dinar (1.06g), MM, DM, A-692, type known from the mint of al-Mahdiya and without mint name, VF-XF, RR.

FATIMID: al-Qa'im, 934-946, AR 1/2 dirham (0.95g), NM, AH326, A-693, style of the al-Mahdiya mint, but clearly without mint name, VF-XF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-Mansur, 946-953, AR 1/2 dirham (1.43g) (Fès), ND/DM, A-696F, citing the ruler with his kunya abu'l-tahir below the obverse, mint & date formula off flan, one small weak area, F-VF, RRR. Coins of al-Mansur with the kunya Abu'l-Tahir were struck only at Fès, known dated AH337 and 339.

FATIMID: al-Mansur, 946-953, AR fractional dinar (0.76g), uncertain mint, ND/DM, A-696T, citing the Fatimid Imam in the obverse margin, with the first half of the kalima in the center // second half of the kalima in the center, bism Allah duriba hadha'l-dirham followed by 2 or 3 words of what might be the start of the mint name in the inner margin, undeciphered legend in outer margin, VF-XF, RRRR. With the Idrisid floral symbol below the obverse central text, which suggests that this piece was struck by the Fatimids who had defeated the last principal Idrisid ruler and occupied much of the Idrisid territory. This may alternatively have been issued by one of the several tribal branches that had taken over many of the standard Idrisid territories, recognizing the Fatimids for protection.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AV dinar (4.20g), al-Mansuriya, AH354, A-697, Nicol-410, interesting die-cutter's error, as the mint is inscribed with the letters "n" and "s" reversed, F-VF.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AV dinar (4.18g), al-Mansuriya, AH355, A-697, Nicol-412, fabulous strike, almost perfectly centered, perhaps the finest we have encountered for al-Mu'izz, NGC graded MS65.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AV dinar (4.28g), probably Misr, A-697, contemporary imitation; slightly crimped, VF.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AV 1/4 dinar (1.02g), Siqilliya (Sicily), AH345, A-698, Nicol-296, mint/date formula in the inner marginal legend on the reverse; some weakness in the centers, F-VF, RR.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AV 1/4 dinar (1.05g), Siqilliya (Sicily), AH352, A-698, Nicol-301 (only 1 example reported by Nicol), mint/date formula in the outer marginal legend on the reverse; some weakness in the centers; date slightly weak but sufficiently clear, VG-F, RRR.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AV 1/4 dinar (0.99g), Siqilliya, blundered date, A-698, clear mint name, Nicol style C, AG.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AV 1/4 dinar (0.86g), A-698, mint and date off flan, VF.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR broad dirham (3.04g), Filastin, AH359, A-W699, Nicol-336, first year of Fatimid control of Palestine (Filastin), finest style for this type, choice VF, RR.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR broad dirham (3.24g), Filastin, AH(36)1, A-W699, Nicol, typical somewhat crude strike, as normal on all examples of this type dated late AH360 and later; minimal weakness for this date, crude VF, R.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR broad dirham (2.61g), Filastin, AH363, A-W699, Nicol-337, unusually fine strike for this date, which is usually very crudely struck, choice VF, RR.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR broad dirham (2.89g) (Fil)astin, AH363, A-W699, Nicol-342, minimal weakness, above average strike, VF, R.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR broad dirham (3.24g), Filastin, AH(36)4, A-W699, Nicol-342A, mint name weak but legible, only the first two letters of arba' for "4" are clear enough, thus it must be 364, about 25% flat strike, VG.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR narrow dirham (2.89g), al-Mansuriya, AH348, A-X699, as Nicol-441 (½ dirham) but struck from broader dies, standard type A, but struck at the full weight of the traditional dirham; last digit of date weak but very likely "8", VF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.44g), al-Mansuriya, AH356, A-699, Nicol-450, lovely strike, with no weakness at all, XF.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.23g), al-Mansuriya, AH357, A-699, Nicol-451, bold strike, with full mint and date, strong VF-XF.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.23g), al-Mansuriya, AH359, A-699, Nicol-453, bold strike, VF-XF.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.25g), al-Mahdiya, AH359, A-699, Nicol-493, decent strike, VF.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.40g), al-Mahdiya, AH359, A-699, Nicol-493, lovely strike, VF.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.20g), al-Mansuriya, AH360, A-699, Nicol-454, bold strike, cleaned, VF-XF.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.24g), al-Mu'izziya, AH360, A-699, Nicol-380, full strike, with both the mint & date totally readable; evenly worn, lovely Fine, RRR. The mint called al-Mu'izziya was the city of Taormina on the east coast of Sicily, conquered in AH351 (962 AD) and renamed "al-Mu'izziya" after the current Imam al-Mu'izz. The mint operated AH353-364, closed by the death of al-Mu'izz in AH365, briefly reopened circa 369-370 under al-'Aziz.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.48g), al-Mu'izziya, AH361, A-699, Nicol-381 (only 1 example cited), choice VF, RR. The mint called al-Mu'izziya was the city of Taormina on the east coast of Sicily, conquered in AH351 (962 AD) and renamed "al-Mu'izziya" after the current Imam al-Mu'izz. The mint operated AH353-364, closed by the death of al-Mu'izz in AH365, briefly reopened circa 369-370 under al-'Aziz.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.23g), al-Mahdiya, AH361, A-699, Nicol-495, cleaned, lovely strike, choice VF.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.18g), al-Mansuriya, AH361, A-699, Nicol-455, bold strike, choice VF.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.17g), al-Mu'izziya, AH362, A-699, Nicol-382, bold mint & date, the clearest example of the mint name that we have ever seen; small hole and partial crack, choice VF, RRR. The mint called al-Mu'izziya was the city of Taormina on the east coast of Sicily, conquered in AH351 (962 AD) and renamed "al-Mu'izziya" after the current Imam al-Mu'izz. The mint operated AH353-364, closed by the death of al-Mu'izz in AH365.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.26g), Misr, AH362, A-699, Nicol-A373, mint & date weak but sufficiently legible; rare date, first published in Nicol's supplement, based on 2 examples, VF, RR.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.27g), al-Mu'izziya, AH(3)62, A-699, Nicol-382, mint name very weak but sufficiently decipherable, date reasonable clear, crude Fine, RRR. The mint called al-Mu'izziya was the city of Taormina on the east coast of Sicily, conquered in AH351 (962 AD) and renamed "al-Mu'izziya" after the current Imam al-Mu'izz. The mint operated AH353-364, closed by the death of al-Mu'izz in AH365.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.36g), al-Mu'izziya, AH3(6)4, A-699, Nicol-383, the final digit arba' for "4" is partly weak, but the first two letters are almost certainly "ar", which strongly suggesting 364, VF. The mint called al-Mu'izziya was the city of Taormina on the east coast of Sicily, conquered in AH351 (962 AD) and renamed "al-Mu'izziya" after the current Imam al-Mu'izz. The mint operated AH353-364, closed by the death of al-Mu'izz in AH365.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.46g), Misr, AH365, A-699, Nicol-374a, decent strike, with full mint & date, VF, RR. Nicol knew on only one example of Misr 365, described as having a weak date likely 365.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.13g), Misr, AH365, A-699, Nicol-375 (only 2 piece recorded), VF, R.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.32g), Misr, AH365, A-699, Nicol-375 (only 1 example cited), some weakness, but mint & date sufficiently legible, nearly VF, RR.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.64g), style of al-Mu'izziya mint, DM, A-699, VG-F, RR. The mint called al-Mu'izziya was the city of Taormina on the east coast of Sicily, conquered in AH351 (962 AD) and renamed "al-Mu'izziya" after the current Imam al-Mu'izz. The mint operated AH353-364, closed by the death of al-Mu'izz in AH365, briefly reopened circa 369-370 under al-'Aziz.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR fractional dirham (0.46g), Tanja, A-699T, central legend al-imam ma'add abu tamim amir al-mu'minin with mint/date in the margin // central legend unclear, possibly with the honorific phrase al-mansur at the bottom, margin almost entirely flat, chipped, probably unique, very crude VF, RRR. This is first reported Fatimid coin of Tanja (Tangiers) for al-Mu'izz, previous report for al-Qa'im (our Auction 53, lot 1848) and al-Mansur (our Auction 51, lot 198). The date is probably AH350, not 354 as previously suggested.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR 1/2 dirham (1.29g), NM, ND, A-699-var, legend al-'izza / lillah, mint formula around, but mint name off flan and unknown // al-milla lillah, kalima around; attribution to al-Mu'izz is very tentative, but the style is somewhat similar to his early half dirhams of al-Mansuriya and Siqilliya dated AH342-343, strong VF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR fractional dirham (1.18g), NM, ND, A-699-var, North African local tribal issue, citing al-Mu'izz and a local governor (read by the consignor as Khalaf b. Ahmad, but while the patronymic seems to be Ahmad, the son's name cannot to Khalaf, perhaps Qâsim but that also seems unlikely); star above & below both sides; finest quality; unpublished and unique, VF-XF, RRRR. Undoubtedly an issue of one of the numerous Berber tribes in North Africa, possibly part of the Maghrawid branch of the Zenata confederation.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, glass weight (jeton) (2.92g), A-702, FGJ-25, 2-line inscription al-imam ma'add within double circle, light green, translucent, bold impression, XF, RR, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 255, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, glass weight (jeton) (0.72g), A-702, FGJ-25, 2-line inscription al-imam ma'add pale green, translucent, slight porosity, VF, RR, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 256, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Mu'izz, 953-975, AR kharuba (0.13g), ND, A-E702, Nicol-322 (type M), for use in Sicily (Siqilliya): circular legends around: da'a al-imam ma'add // .... din Allah; the first word on the reverse has never been deciphered; slightly clipped but still very attractive, bold VF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AV dinar (4.16g), Filastin, AH373, A-703, Nicol-675, "70" of the date somewhat coarsely engraved, though the three final digits are clear, F-VF, R.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AV dinar (3.73g), Filastin, AH375, A-703, Nicol-677, last date digit somewhat weak due to mount removal, but matches the style of other example of 375 with clear date (rather than 378); somewhat uneven surfaces, VF.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AR dinar (4.12g), Misr, AH382, A-703, Nicol-719, F-VF.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AV 1/4 dinar (1.07g), NM, ND, A-704, Nicol-852 (type G1), always without mint & date, with just one circular line of text either side, strong VF, RR.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AR 1/2 dirham (1.25g), al-Mahdiya, AH366, A-705, Nicol-823 (3 pieces cited), bold mint & date; a few more examples of al-Mahdiya AH366 are now filed on CoinArchives, nearly XF, RR.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AR 1/2 dirham (1.18g), Atrabulus (Tripoli in Libya), AH368, A-705, Nicol-648A, full mint & date, small aperture, faint patial crack, VF, RRR. Nicol published only in his supplement, just 2 pieces, including one that was sold in our Auction 29, lot 273, another example was sold in our Auction 27, lot, 488.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AR 1/2 dirham (1.19g), Atrabulus (Tripoli in Libya), AH369, A-705, Nicol, full bold mint & date; probably the 4th known example of this date (3 posted on CoinArchives, all sold in our previous auctions), VF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AR 1/2 dirham (1.26g), Misr, AH369, A-705, Nicol-726, there is what appears to be another "word" between al-dirham and bi-misr, but it is most likely a die-cutter's mistake in engraving the word al-dirham, but still an interesting "mint error" piece, bold VF, RRR. Nicol knew of only 1 example of Misr 369, and there are none on CoinArchives or Zeno.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AR 1/2 dirham (1.41g), Atrabulus (Tripoli in Libya), AH371, A-705, Nicol-651, full mint & date, pleasing example and probably the 3rd known example of this mint/date combination, bold VF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AR 1/2 dirham (1.16g), Misr, AH371, A-705, Nicol-728, one small chip, clear mint & date, VF, RR.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AR 1/2 dirham (1.10g), Atrabulus (Tripoli in Libya), AH373, A-705, Nicol-652, mint & date both clear, VF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AR 1/2 dirham (0.96g), Filastin, AH380, A-705, Nicol, clear mint & date, porous surfaces (hence the low weight), F-VF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AR ½ dirham (1.26g), A-705, muling of two reverses, hence no mint and date; interesting mint error, F-VF, RR.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, AR ½ dirham (1.07g), MM, DM, A-705S.1, Nicol, with the words 'adl / lillah in both the obverse center and the reverse center, with the mint possibly sijilmâsa in the reverse margin, date unclear; chipped; unpublished and probably unique, the third version of the Sijilmasa varieties for this reign, all of them unique, F-VF, RRRR. The same two-line central legend as on lot 492 sold in our Auction 45, which shows the mint name Sijilmasa.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, glass weight (jeton) (1.46g), A-708, FGJ-31, circular legend amara bihi nizar al-'aziz billah around an annulet, pale yellow-green, translucent, grainy surface (from casting process), F-VF, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, glass weight (jeton) (8.17g), A-708, FGJ-43 (33 mm) 4-line inscription mimma amara bihi / al-imam al-'aziz / billah amir / al-mu'minin in fine calligraphy, light green, translucent, slight devitrification, unusually large size, VF, RR, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 262, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, glass weight (jeton) (2.89g), A-708, FGJ-49, legend al-imam / nizar, pale green, some devitrification, translucent, F-VF, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-'Aziz, 975-996, glass weight (jeton) (5.85g), A-708, legend merely al-imam / nizar without a circle, blank reverse; fine green, translucent, XF, RR, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, AV dinar (3.34g), Misr, AH387, A-709.1, Nicol-1072 (type H9, only 2 pieces cited), 4-line center legend with two outer marginal legends on both sides, with the mint/date formula in the inner obverse margin, used only AH386-387 at Misr and al-Mahdiya, all extremely rare; full central and marginal legends on both sides; wavy surfaces, VF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, AV dinar (3.36g), al-Mansuriya, AH387, A-709.2, Nicol-1128, slightly crimped, bold mint & date, VF.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, AV dinar (4.05g), Misr, AH390, A-709.2, Nicol-1076, crude calligraphy, as on the Nicol illustrated specimen for type #1076; uneven surfaces, VF.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, AV dinar (4.21g), Misr, AH409, A-709A, citing the heir 'Abd al-Rahman; bold strike with just a touch of uneven surfaces, VF-XF.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, AV 1/4 dinar (1.03g), Siqilliya (Sicily), AH393, A-710, nice strike, with full mint & date, VF-XF, R.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, AV 1/4 dinar (1.04g), al-Mahdiya, AH402, A-710, bold mint name and sufficiently clear date; appears to be unpublished and possibly unique, lovely VF-XF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, AV 1/4 dinar (0.92g), Siqilliya (Sicily), A-710, blundered date, F-VF.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, AV 1/4 dinar (0.96g), al-Mans(uriya), DM, A-710, F-VF.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, AV 1/4 dinar (0.97g), NM, ND, A-710, style of Siqilliya (Sicily) mint, VF.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, AV 1/4 dinar (0.98g), MM/NM, DM, A-710, central obverse legend al-mansur abu / 'ali al-imam amir / al-mu'minin with several slightly abbreviated spellings to fit the tiny center, VF.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, BI 1/2 dirham (1.44g), Misr, AH408, A-711.3, also citing the heir apparent 'Abd al-Rahman; almost perfect strike, comparable to the gold dinars of Misr; slightly porous surfaces, as often for the billon pieces, VF, RR.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, BI dirham aswad (0.71g), NM, ND, A-711F, legends Allah / al-hakim bi-amr / amir al-mu'minin // muhammad rasul Allah / 'ali wali Allah, without any marginal legends, VF, RR.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, BI dirham (3.07g), NM/MM, AH(3)96, A-711F, almost black billon, style of the Halab region, date somewhat weak but seems clear enough to be (3)96; unpublished variety, VF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, AE square weight (5.75g), A-713D, with the name al-hakim / bi-amr Allah on the top, no marks or symbols elsewhere; this is the first we have seen with the Imam's name so clear, Fine, RRR.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, glass weight (jeton) (2.91g), A-713, FGJ-74, 2-line inscription al-hakim / bi-amr Allah, light green, translucent, bold casting, VF-XF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 270, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, glass weight (jeton) (1.50g), A-713, FGJ-74, 2-line inscription al-hakim / bi-amr Allah, light green, translucent, grainy surface from production, Fine, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, glass weight (jeton) (5.95g), A-713, FGJ-74, legend al-hakim / bi-amr Allah with no additional words, green, translucent, weak impression, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, glass weight (jeton) (1.35g), A-713, FGJ-87, legend al-hakim / bi-amr Allah, blank reverse; light green, translucent, some devitrification, mostly around the edge and on the reverse, Fine, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 321 (incorrectly assigned to al-Hafiz), ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, glass weight (jeton) (1.46g), A-713, FGJ-87, 2-line inscription al-hakim / bi-amr Allah, light green, translucent; weak surface, Fine, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, glass weight (jeton) (4.01g), AH400, A-713, FGJ-112, citing the Imam al-Hakim followed by the date in words, as 'amala fi sanat / arba'mi'a, word 'adl below, legend almost completely legible though very weak; blank reverse; green, translucent, VG-F, RR, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 269, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, glass weight (jeton) (5.92g), A-713, FGJ-145, 3-line inscription al-hakim bi-amr Allah wa wali 'ahduhu, but without the name of the heir-apparent // Shi'ite kalima; blue-green, translucent, VF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 273, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, glass weight (jeton) (2.97g), A-713, FGJ-146, 3-line inscription al-hakim bi-amr Allah / amir al-mu'minin wa khalifatuhu / wali 'ahd al-muslimin // Shi'ite kalima on reverse, bluish green, translucent, VF-XF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 274, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, glass weight (jeton) (5.89g), A-713, FGJ-148, al-hakim bi-amr Allah / wa wali 'ahduhu // traces of the Shi'ite kalima, deep green, translucent, VF-XF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 275, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, glass weight (jeton) (2.98g), A-713, FGJ-154, circular legend al-hakim bi-amr Allah wa wali 'ahduhu // 'adl in center, Shi'ite kalima around, bluish green, translucent, weak legends, especially on the reverse, VF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 277, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, glass weight (jeton) (4.07g), AH405, A-713, FGJ-164, 3-line central legend citing al-Hakim and reference to the heir (without his name), sufficiently legible date formula ... khams wa arba'(mi'a) in the margin // Shi'ite kalima; green, translucent, some porosity on both sides, VF, R, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 278, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, glass weight (jeton) (6.34g), AH408, A-713, FGJ-171, citing al-Hakim in the margin and both the heir 'Abd al-Rahman and the date 408 in words in the center // Shi'ite kalima (usual weakness); chipped twice but fully legible obverse legends on both sides; green, translucent, VF-XF, R, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 279, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection. Actual weight for this size should be about 8.45g, the weight of two gold dinars.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, glass weight (jeton) (4.26g), AH(410), A-713, FGJ-174, legend al-imam al-hakim / bi-amr Allah amir al-mu'minin / wa 'abduhu, full Shi'ite kalima in the margin // traces of date in 3-lines (confirmed as 410 by the obverse legend arrangement); bluish green, transparent; superb obverse, typical weak reverse; brilliant green, slightly transparent, lovely XF, RR, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 280, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Hakim, 996-1021, glass weight (jeton) (1.48g), A-713, Glass-paste jeton (1.48g), ND, A-713, al-hakim bi-amr Allah obverse, part of the kalima on the reverse, translucent green, with lovely brownish background, VF-XF, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: Uncertain Ruler, ca. 10th century, AR 1/2 dirham (1.12g), NM (North African origin), ND, A-746S, with the crudely engraved name Ma'add visible in the obverse inner circular followed by a crude name that seems to be abu tamim, thus based on type A-699 of al-Mu'izz (953-975), with blundered muhammad rasul Allah in inner legend, XF, RRR. A related coin was sold in our Auction 54, lot 1804.

FATIMID: Anonymous, ca. late 10th or 11th century, AR dirham (2.00g), NM (North African origin), ND, A-746S, completely meaningless "Arabic", derived from the style of al-Mu'izz (953-975), strong VF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, AV dinar (4.16g), al-Mansuriiya, AH419, A-714.1, Nicol-1553, slightly crimped, clear mint & date, F-VF.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, AV dinar (4.12g), al-Mansuriya, AH420, A-714.1, Nicol-1555, somewhat crimped, clear mint & date, VF.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, AV dinar (4.16g), al-Mansuriya, AH423, A-714.1, Nicol-1561, clear mint & date, VF.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, AV dinar (3.91g), Misr, AH421, A-714.2, Nicol-1526 (type H1), with the word 'adl in the obverse and reverse center, slightly wavy surfaces, nearly VF.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, AV dinar (4.02g), Filastin, AH423, A-714.2, Nicol-1503 (type H1a), bold mint and date plus the Arabic letter "z" for this mint in both the obverse & reverse center, slightly uneven surfaces, VF-XF.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, AV dinar (2.85g), Tarabulus (Tripoli), AH424, A-714.2, Nicol-1490 (only 2 examples cited), very rare mint for al-Zahir, with the Arabic letter "s" for this mint in both the obverse & reverse center; pleasing strike, VF, RR.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, AV dinar (4.06g), Sur, AH424, A-714.2, Nicol-1485, sufficiently clear mint and with the Arabic letter hard "s" (sad) for this mint in both the obverse & reverse center, though the mint name in the obverse marginal legend is unclear due to double-striking; rare mint for al-Zahir, VF, R.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, AV 1/4 dinar (0.94g), Siqilliya (Sicily), AH422, A-715, Nicol-1423, clear mint & date, VF.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, AV 1/4 dinar (0.78g) (al-Mah)diya, AH(4)32, A-715, obverse legend al-zahir / al-imam 'abd / Allah, posthumous mint & date in reverse margin, unpublished, some weakness of strike, much weakness, VF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, AV 1/4 dinar (0.91g), NM, ND, A-715, cf. Nicol-1423, style of the Siqilliya 1/4 dinar of the early AH420s but with the Qur'an verse 9:33 repeated in both margins, hence without mint & date! Fine.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, AR dirham (1.62g), MM, AH(4)2(1?), A-M716, design and arrangement exactly as his common gold dinar type A-714.1, crude VF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, BI dirham aswad (1.80g), NM, ND, A-716, legends Allah / al-zahir li-a'zam din / Allah amir al-mu'minin // muhammad rasul Allah / 'ali wali Allah, traces of marginal legends, Syrian style, pierced, VF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, BI dirham (0.46g), NM, ND, A-716, without any marginal legends; nice strike, F-VF, RR.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, glass weight (jeton) (5.94g), A-718, FGJ-177, 3-line legend al-imam al-zahir / li-a'zaz din Allah / amir al-mu'minin, uniface, light brown, translucent, beautiful color, XF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 283, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, glass weight (jeton) (2.80g), A-718, FGJ-177, 3-line legend al-imam al-zahir / li-a'zaz din Allah / amir al-mu'minin, blank reverse, light green, translucent, much devitrification, F-VF, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, glass weight (jeton) (4.82g), A-718, FGJ-180, 3-line legend al-zahir / li-a'zaz din Allah / amir al-mu'minin, uniface, blue green, translucent, VF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 285, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, glass weight (jeton) (0.74g), A-718, FGJ-180, legend al-imam / al-zahir, light green, translucent, strong VF, R, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, glass weight (jeton) (5.29g), A-718, FGJ-181-style, legend resembling al-zahir / li-a'zaz din Allah, uniface, deep brown, almost opaque, possibly not of al-Zahir, but some later Fatimid Imam but the name insufficiently clear, VF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 286, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, glass weight (jeton) (2.86g), A-718, FGJ-194, legend al-imam / al-zahir li-a'zaz / din Allah amir al-mu'- / -minin, uniface, slightly green cream color, slight devitrification, translucent, VF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 287, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, glass weight (jeton) (1.49g), A-718, FGJ-201/203, ruler cited as al-imam / al-zahir; brownish green, translucent, some devitrification, VF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 306 (incorrectly assigned to al-Mustansir FGJ-269), ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, glass weight (jeton) (2.96g), A-718, as FGJ-212, but blank reverse, legend al-imam / al-zahir li-a'zaz / din Allah, brown but revealing deep blue when viewed before a light, translucent, good Fine, R, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, glass weight (jeton) (4.23g), DM, A-718, FGJ-228, legend al-zahir / li-a'zaz din Allah amir al-mu'minin, // 'adl in the center and traces of a date formula around, known as AH412; deep blue, trace of devitrification, slightly translucent (only al-zahir in the top light without the preceding word al-imam as indicated by Balog, clear in his illustration of #228), VF, RR, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 288, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection. Interesting appearance, seeming dark brown with a touch of blue when seen from above, beautiful blazing blue when held up to a light!

FATIMID: al-Zahir, 1021-1036, glass weight (jeton) (2.88g), AH4(15), A-718, FGJ-233, standing 3-line royal legend // 'adl in center, date around of which only arba'mi'a for "400" is visible, rest off flan; light green, translucent, slight devitrification, F-VF, RR, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 289, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection. The exact text and arrangement are known only for glass weights dated 415.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (4.08g), Filastin, AH428, A-719.1, Nicol-2060 (type A2, with mint/date formula on the obverse), mint & date sufficiently clear in the obverse margin, VF, RRR. The type with mint/date in the reverse field (Nicol-2059) is better known and also extremely rare.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (2.31g), Misr, AH428, A-719.1, Nicol-2101, wavy surfaces; clear mint & date, VF.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (3.43g), Filastin, AH435, A-719.1, Nicol-2064, slight central weakness, otherwise excellent strike, XF.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (3.81g), Tarabulus (Tripoli), AH435, A-719.1, Nicol-1988, large planchet crack, VF-XF.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (4.24g), Filastin, AH436, A-719.1, Nicol-2065, a lovely lustrous mint state example! NGC graded MS63.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (4.23g), Filastin, AH436, A-719.1, Nicol-2065, clear mint & date, despite some double-striking, VF.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (4.15g), Filastin, AH437, A-719.1, Nicol-A2066 (in his supplement), clear mint & date; extremely rare, with none known to Nicol before his main publication and just one on CoinArchives (sold by Morton & Eden, Auction 92, lot 95, in 2018), VF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (2.53g), Sur, AH437, A-719.1, Nicol-1917, uneven surfaces, slight weakness, Fine.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (3.53g), Tarabulus (Tripoli in Lebanon), AH438, A-719.1, Nicol-1992, bold strike, XF.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (4.12g), Sabra (Sfax in Tunisia), AH439, A-719.1, Nicol-1745, excellent obverse, but some weakness on the reverse, likely from a worn reverse die, XF. Sabra was actually under control of al-Mu'izz b. Badis of the Zirid dynasty, but struck his coins in the name of their nominal overlord al-Mustansir until AH440, then totally anonymous, never with his own name.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (3.92g), al-Iskandariya, AH484, A-719.2, Nicol-1691, mint name partly off flan but confirmed by style and layout, some original luster, AU.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (4.24g), Misr, AH441, A-719A, Nicol-2123, fabulous strike, lustrous Unc.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (3.72g), Tarabulus (Tripoli in Lebanon), AH441, A-719A, Nicol-1996, VF.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar, Tarabulus, AH446, A-719A, Nicol-2001, pleasing example, ANACS graded EF40.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV dinar (4.00g), Tarabulus (Tripoli in Lebanon), AH446, A-719A, Nicol-2001, attractive even strike, choice VF-XF.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV 1/4 dinar (0.88g), , AH46x, A-721, variant of Nicol type B5, four-line legend on both sides, Choice VF. Accompanied by old SARC flip from the late 1980's.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV 1/4 dinar (1.10g), Siqilliya (Sicily), A-721, date seems to be AH442, though somewhat carelessly engraved, VF.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV 1/4 dinar (0.94g), MM, DM, A-721, Nicol Type A3, probably struck at Siqilliya, XF. Accompanied by old SARC flip from the late 1980's.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, AV stellate 1/4 dinar (0.98g), Siqilliya (Sicily), AH(4)55, A-722, Nicol-1820/21, complex legend arrangement resembling a 6-point star, hence the term "stellate"; clear date, mint name weak but sufficiently legible, VF, RR.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, BI dirham aswad (0.76g), Halab, AHxx9 (probably 449), A-723, 2-line legend on both sides, with the mint/date formula in the obverse margin, clear mint and last digit of date, probably no marginal legend on the reverse, VF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, BI dirham aswad (2.41g), Halab, DM/ND, A-723, two-line legend both sides, with the lower legend inverted, clear mint name, relatively good silver, Fine, RR.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, BI dirham aswad (1.12g) (Halab), A-723, just the name al-mustansir in the obverse center, crescent above, inner circle shows the words al-imam ma'add ... // la ilah illa Allah in one line, crescent above; style of the Mirdasid rulers, possibly cited in the outer margins, which are almost entire off flan as usual; lovely patina, VF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, BI dirham aswad (1.21g) (Halab), A-723H, stellate design as on the Sicilian stellate gold quarter dinar, but this billon version is known only for the mint of Halab (Aleppo in Syria), VF, RR.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, BI fraction (2.05g), NM, ND, A-723S, design based on the gold dinar type A-719A, either with the outer marginal legends completely off flan or without any outer legend; slightly debased Arabic text, especially in the obverse inner legend, suggesting possible imitation in Sicily or southern Italy; a remarkable item in need of further research, VF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, BI dirham aswad (0.93g), NM, ND, A-723, central legends exactly as type A-719.2 with extra legend 'abd Allah wa walihi above the obverse, without marginal legends, thus without mint & date; relatively fine silver; pierced, VF.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, BI dirham (3.08g), A-723, central legends exactly as type A-719.1, with outer blank border and traces of a second outer margin outside the border, which may contain a mint and date, VF, RRR. A similar example sold in our Auction 45, lot 573.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, BI dirham (3.34g), A-723, central legends exactly as type A-719.1, with outer blank border and traces of a second outer margin outside the border, which may contain a mint and date, VF, RRR. A similar example sold in our Auction 45, lot 573.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, BI dirham aswad (1.09g), NM/MM, ND, A-723-var, citing an uncertain al-Afdal, perhaps a reference to al-Afdal b. Badr al-Jamâli, the last vizier to al-Mustansir, who continued under future Imams and is cited on a glass weight of al-Âmir al-Mansur dated AH513 (FGJ-393); citing al-Mustansir on the obverse; unpublished and presumably unique, F-VF, RRR.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, glass weight (jeton) (5.98g), A-724, FGJ-262, ruler cited as al-imam ma'add abu tamim al-mustansir billah amir al-mu'minin with some slight abbreviation due to lack of space; bluish green, translucent, superb quality., bold XF-AU, RR, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 301, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection. Crinkled central surface likely caused by removing the text stamp before the glass was sufficiently hardened.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, glass weight (jeton) (2.90g), A-724, FGJ-262, ruler cited as al-imam ma'add abu tamim al-mustansir billah amir al-mu'minin almost no abbreviation in the legend; divided 1/2 area brown, the other 1/2 greenish light brown, translucent, excellent quality., bold XF-AU, RR, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 302, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, glass weight (jeton) (5.79g), A-724, FGJ-262, ruler cited as al-imam ma'add abu tamim al-mustansir billah amir al-mu'minin; turquoise with one obverse small gold occlusion. opaque, very rare color, and especially remarkable for an issue of al-Mustansir, XF, R, ex SARC Auction 13, lot 555, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, glass weight (jeton) (2.99g), A-724, FGJ-262, ruler cited as al-imam ma'add abu tamim al-mustansir billah amir al-mu'minin; light green with some natural brown spots. translucent, excellent quality., XF, R, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 303, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection. Crinkled central surface likely caused by removing the text stamp before the glass was sufficiently hardened.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, glass weight (jeton) (2.94g), A-724, FGJ-262, ruler cited as al-imam ma'add abu tamim al-mustansir billah amir al-mu'minin; deep brown with one obverse small gold occlusion. modestly translucent, very rare color, VF-XF, R, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 304 (incorrectly called FGJ-264), ex Ismail al-Imam Collection. Crinkled central surface likely caused by removing the text stamp before the glass was sufficiently hardened.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, glass weight (jeton) (0.74g), A-724, FGJ-273, legend al-imam / ma'add; deep brown with one obverse small gold occlusion. modestly translucent, very rare color, VF-XF, R, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 326, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection. Crinkled central surface likely caused by removing the text stamp before the glass was sufficiently hardened.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, glass weight (jeton) (0.74g), A-724, FGJ-273, legend al-imam / ma'add, light bluish green, translucent, bold VF, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, glass weight (jeton) (0.61g), A-724, FGJ-288, simple legend al-mustansir / billah, with pellet at the top, in the center, and 2 pellets plus a leaf at the bottom; burgundy red color, translucent, part broken off (total weight should be about 0.75g for the 1/4 dirham denomination), VF, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, glass weight (jeton) (2.99g), A-724, FGJ-298, circular legend al-imam ma'add abu tamim al-mustansir billah with amir al-mu'minin in the central circle, blank reverse; rose red, translucent, weakly cast, VF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 310 (incorrectly called FGJ-299), ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, glass weight (jeton) (5.99g), A-724, FGJ-298, circular legend al-imam ma'add abu tamim al-mustansir billah with amir al-mu'minin in the central circle; almost colorless with just trace of light gray, transparent, uneven surfaces, VF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 308, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection. Crinkled central surface likely caused by removing the text stamp before the glass was sufficiently hardened.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, glass weight (jeton) (5.94g), A-724, FGJ-310, circular legend al-imam ma'add abu tamim al-mustansir billah with horizontal amir al-mu'minin in the central circle with dot above and below the name, blank reverse; light green, translucent, XF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 312, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, glass weight (jeton) (5.98g), A-724, FGJ-310, circular legend al-imam ma'add abu tamim al-mustansir billah with horizontal amir al-mu'minin in the central circle with dot above and below that word, blank reverse; light green, translucent, XF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 311, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, glass weight (jeton) (5.93g), A-724, FGJ-318, circular legend al-imam ma'add abu tamim al-mustansir billah with amir a/ l-mu'minin in the center // date written out in words, sana ithnayn wa thalathin wa arba' around, mi'a in the center, date week as always for this type, but sufficiently discernable; light green, translucent, some surface porosity; exceedingly rare type, VF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 313, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Mustansir, 1036-1094, glass weight (jeton) (6.03g), A-724, FGJ, 3-line inscription, al-imam / al-mustansir / billah, slightly dark green, beautifully cast, XF, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Musta'li, 1094-1101, glass weight (jeton) (4.13g), A-728, FGJ-346, legend ahmad / al-imam abu'l-qa- / -sim al-musta'li / billah amir al-mu'minin, bold legend but also slight porosity; brownish green, translucent, VF, RRR, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Âmir al-Mansur, 1101-1130, AV dinar (4.28g), al-Iskandariya, AH510, A-729, Nicol-2455, slightly uneven surfaces, XF.

FATIMID: al-Âmir al-Mansur, 1101-1130, AV dinar (4.30g), al-Iskandariya, AH515, A-729, Nicol-2460, crimped, clear mint & date, F-VF.

FATIMID: al-Âmir al-Mansur, 1101-1130, AV 1/4 dinar (0.96g), MM, AH52x, A-731, VF.

FATIMID: al-Âmir al-Mansur, 1101-1130, glass weight (jeton) (1.49g), A-733, FGJ-370, simple legend al-imam / al-mansur, light gray, slightly translucent, weak surface, VF, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: Interregnum, 1130-1131, AV dinar (4.33g), Misr, AH525, A-734.1, Nicol-2590 (type A), citing the hidden imam Abu'l-Qasim Muhammad with the theoretical title al-Muntazar li-amr Allah ("the expected"), with the name al-imam / muhammad in the obverse center, 'âl / ghâya ("extremely pure", reference to the gold quality) in the reverse center; wonderful strike, with just one edge nick on the reverse, choice XF, RR. This coin was issued during the brief but tumultuous period between the assassination of al-Âmir and the controversial succession of his cousin al-Hafiz. When al-Âmir was killed by Nizari agents (i.e. the Order of Assassins) in October 1130, he left behind a six-month-old son, al-Tayyib, without a vizier or regent. As the oldest surviving male of the dynasty, al-Hafiz (then known as 'Abd al-Majid) assumed the role of the regent and effectively became the head of state. But this was met with opposition from the army, which quickly placed him under arrest and installed Kutayfat (also known as Abu Ali Ahmad ibn al-Afdal) as the new vizier. The infant al-Tayyib had disappeared amid the power struggle and was never heard from again. Kutayfat thus ruled in the name of a hidden imam by the name of Abu'l-Qasim Muhammad al-Muntazar bi-Amr Allah and issued coins in that name. His rule lasted barely over a year when members of al-Âmir's bodyguard assassinated him in early December 1131. Al-Hafiz ascended the throne in the next month, thus bringing an end to the interregnum. However, his succession caused the Ismaili faith--already fractured by the Nizari schism--to further splinter. Those who recognize the legitimacy of al-Hafiz and his successors formed the now-extinct Hafizi sect; those who do not became the extent Tayyibi branch, which believes al-Tayyib went into seclusion (not unlike the final imam in Twelver Shia Islam) and is publicly represented by the Da'i al-Mutlaq ("absolute missionary").

FATIMID: Interregnum, 1130-1131, AV dinar (4.24g), Misr, AH526, A-734.2, Nicol-2592 (type B), in the name of the hidden imam al-Mahdi, with the title al-Qa'im bi-amr Allah in the obverse middle margin (without the phrase al-muntazar), also citing the vizier and de facto ruler Kutayfat as al-Afdal Abu 'Ali Ahmad followed by the title na'ibuhu wa-khalifatuhu ("his representative and his successor") in the inner margin, with the phrase 'âl / ghâya ("extremely pure", reference to the gold quality) divided between the obverse and reverse centers; issued for less than a month in AH526 (from the start of Muharram on November 24 to his assassination on December 8) and much rarer than the type A dinar; small cut on edge, VF, RRR, ex SINCONA Auction 92, Lot 820. Nicol only records 3 museum pieces of this type. This is the only example to appear in public auctions to our knowledge. This coin was issued during the brief but tumultuous period between the assassination of al-Âmir and the controversial succession of his cousin al-Hafiz. When al-Âmir was killed by Nizari agents (i.e. the Order of Assassins) in October 1130, he left behind a six-month-old son, al-Tayyib, without a vizier or regent. As the oldest surviving male of the dynasty, al-Hafiz (then known as 'Abd al-Majid) assumed the role of the regent and effectively became the head of state. But this was met with opposition from the army, which quickly placed him under arrest and installed Kutayfat (also known as Abu Ali Ahmad ibn al-Afdal) as the new vizier. The infant al-Tayyib had disappeared amid the power struggle and was never heard from again. Kutayfat thus ruled in the name of a hidden imam by the name of Abu'l-Qasim Muhammad al-Muntazar bi-Amr Allah and issued coins in that name. Judging from the title khalifatuhu ("his successor") on this coin, Kutayfat was possibly preparing to formally take the throne in Muharram AH526 when he was assassinated by members of al-Âmir's bodyguard, having ruled barely over a year. Al-Hafiz ascended the throne in the next month, thus bringing an end to the interregnum. However, his succession caused the Ismaili faith--already fractured by the Nizari schism--to further splinter. Those who recognize the legitimacy of al-Hafiz and his successors formed the now-extinct Hafizi sect; those who do not became the extent Tayyibi branch, which believes al-Tayyib went into seclusion (not unlike the final imam in Twelver Shia Islam) and is publicly represented by the Da'i al-Mutlaq ("absolute missionary").

FATIMID: al-Hafiz, 1131-1149, glass weight (jeton) (2.91g), A-737, FGJ-407, legend al-imam / al-hafiz li-din / Allah, tan and black colors, opaque, bold VF, RR, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection. Balog cited only 1 example for this type.

FATIMID: al-Zafir, 1149-1154, AV "dirham", al-Iskandariya, AH545, A-738, Nicol-2652, denomination engraved as "dirham" rather than the correct "dinar", bends, ANACS graded EF40, RR.

FATIMID: al-Zafir, 1149-1154, glass weight (jeton) (5.92g), A-740, FGJ-412, legend al-imam / al-zafir, blank reverse; milky light gray, opaque, lovely bold casting, VF-XF, RR, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 322, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: al-Zafir, 1149-1154, glass weight (jeton) (2.78g), A-740, FGJ-412, legend al-imam / al-zafir, blank reverse; light gray, opaque, some very light devitrification, VF, RR, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 323, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: Anonymous, ca. 950-1100, AE polyhedral weight (29.15g), A-746, weight for 10 silver dirhams (i.e., 20 Fatimid half dirhams); single surface in obverse & reverse center, with two rows of 8 polygons and one row of 9 hexagons between them, citing just one word al-imam at the top; extremely rare and clearly by word and style Fatimid, VF, RRR.

LATE FATIMID: Contemporary imitation, 11th/12th century, glass weight (jeton) (6.06g), A-746G, 3-line blundered Arabic inscription, possibly based on Imam al-Mustansir's legends, mixed colors of gray and brown, translucent, VF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 335 (called Fatimid), ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

LATE FATIMID: Contemporary imitation, 11th/12th century, glass weight (jeton) (5.89g), A-746G, 3-line blundered Arabic inscription, possibly based on the Imam al-Mustansir's legends, dark brown, almost opaque but still a touch of translucence, bold VF, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: Contemporary imitation, 12th century, glass weight (jeton) (3.04g), A-746G, cf. FGJ-428 of al-'Adid (1160-1171), standing 3-line royal legend that may imitate al-imam / al-'adid / li-din Allah, blank reverse; deep green, moderately translucent, VF-XF, RR, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 299 (incorrectly assigned to the Imam al-Mustansir), ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: Contemporary imitation, 11th/12th century, glass weight (jeton) (1.50g), A-746G, 2-line blundered Arabic inscription, remarkable mixed-color varieties, part pure white, part rose, part dark brown; translucent, crude VF-XF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 343, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: Contemporary imitation, 12th/13th century, glass weight (jeton) (2.29g), A-746G, 3-line blundered Arabic inscription, very light green with trace of brown (so-called "natural" color), translucent, VF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 333 (called Fatimid), ex Ismail al-Imam Collection. The pseudo-Arabic text possibly derived from Fatimid glass weights of al-Mustansir (1036-1094) or al-'Âmir (1101-1130).

FATIMID: Contemporary imitation, 11th/12th century, glass weight (jeton) (2.90g), A-746G, 2-line blundered Arabic inscription, dark brown, virtually opaque, bold VF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 344, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: Contemporary imitation, 12th century, glass weight (jeton) (5.96g), A-746G, the word al-imam is clear, but the "legend" below is completely meaningless, style and fabric suggests no earlier than about 1130 AD; lovely blotched almond color, opaque, F-VF, RR, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 315 (incorrectly assigned to al-Musta'li), ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: Contemporary imitation, 12th century, glass weight (jeton) (1.47g), A-746G, single word in the center, uncertain meaning; light green, translucent; interest type, F-VF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 327, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID/AYYUBID: Contemporary imitation, 12th/13th century, glass weight (jeton) (3.01g), A-746G, 3 lines of symbolic "Arabic" text, most likely derived from early Ayyubid sources (late 12th century); greenish gray, almost opaque, XF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 329 (called Fatimid), ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID/AYYUBID: Contemporary imitation, 12th/13th century, glass weight (jeton) (2.99g), A-746G, 3-line blundered Arabic inscription, possibly derived from very late Fatimid legend, burnt amber color, translucent, VF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 330 (called Fatimid), ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID/AYYUBID: Contemporary imitation, 12th/13th century, glass weight (jeton) (2.99g), A-746G, 3-line blundered Arabic inscription, possibly derived from very late Fatimid legend, very light green with trace of brown (so-called "natural" color) translucent, VF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 331 (called Fatimid), ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID/EARLY AYYUBID: Contemporary imitation, 12th century, glass weight (jeton) (5.79g), A-746G, 3-line blundered Arabic inscription of late Fatimid style, slightly brownish deep gray, opaque, XF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 341 (called Fatimid), ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID/EARLY AYYUBID: Contemporary imitation, 12th/13th century, glass weight (jeton) (5.81g), A-746G, 3-line blundered Arabic inscription, gray, virtually opaque, VF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 338 (called Fatimid), ex Ismail al-Imam Collection. The pseudo-Arabic text possibly derived from Fatimid glass weights of al-'Âmir (1101-1130).

FATIMID/EARLY AYYUBID: Contemporary imitation, 12th/13th century, glass weight (jeton) (3.07g), A-746G, 3-line blundered Arabic inscription, perhaps derived from one of the post-1130 Fatimid Imams or early Ayyubid, gray, slightly translucent, VF, ex SARC Auction 13, lot 558, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

FATIMID: COLLECTION of 20 glass weights (jetons), unidentified, most should be identified after some research, including some that should be very late Fatimid or early Ayyubid, average Fine condition, but most with weak or poorly engraved legends; retail value $1000, lot of 20 pieces, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

NON-FATIMID: COLLECTION of 28 glass weights (jetons), mostly unidentified, mostly Ayyubid and Mamluk or very early Ottoman periods, but some that might be of Byzantine or other non-Muslim sources, average Fine condition, but most with weak or poorly engraved legends, some probably unidentifiable; retail value $1000, lot of 28 pieces, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC: Anepigraphic, ca. 8th/12th century, glass weight (jeton) (1.41g), lion left, symbol that looks with the letter I to the left, blank reverse, design perhaps derived from a Byzantine prototype, deep red, translucent, VF, RR, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC: Anonymous, ca. 9th/13th century, glass weight (jeton) (4.26g), 2-line legend, 'amal / bubakr, "ordered by Bubakr, where Bubakr is a local version of the common Muslim name Abu Bakr; teardrop shape and pieced at the top for suspension; probably of Iranian origin; light green, translucent, XF, RRR, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

NUMAYRID: Mutâ'in b. Waththab, 1040, BI dirham (2.78g), Harran, AH436, A-772, royal legend al-amir sani'at al-dawla wa sifwatuha abu nasr al-muta'in // citing the Fatimid al-Mustansir as the Imam; full date and sufficiently clear mint name, thus one of the nicest examples of this rare type, Fine, RR. Muta'in adopted the title "sani'at al-dawla wa sifwatuha", presumably following the death of his brother Shabib in AH431 (1040 AD).

SELJUQ OF SYRIA: Tutush, 1078-1095, AE fals (2.97g), NM, ND, A-775E, Zeno-371934 (this piece), legend 'adud al-din / (wa) taj al-dawla, Seljuq bow-and-arrow symbol above, hexagram in the center // name of the caliph above (should be al-Muqtadi) and the Great Seljuq Malikshah below, also hexagram in the center; still unique and a most interesting stylized piece, VF, RRRR.

SELJUQ OF SYRIA: Alp Arslan al-Ahras b. Ridwan, 1113-1114, BI dirham aswad (1.13g), NM, ND, A-L778, Zeno-372642 (this piece), simple legends al-malik on obverse, with star above and crescent below, alp / arslan on the reverse, F-VF, RRRR. The only other known example of this piece was sold in our Auction 49, lot 370 (now Zeno-335690).

BURID: Abaq, 1140-1154, BI fals (0.81g), NM, ND, A-784M, citing Abaq and the Zangid of Syria ruler Mahmud (b. Zangi) on the obverse, the Great Seljuq Mas'ud & Sanjar on the reverse, traces of marginal legends, VF, RRR.

AYYUBID: al-Nasir Yusuf (Saladin), 1169-1193, AV dinar (4.83g), al-Qahira (Cairo), AH576, A-785.2, decent strike, VF-XF.

AYYUBID: al-Nasir Yusuf (Saladin), 1169-1193, AV dinar (4.42g), al-Iskandariya, AH580, A-785.2, slightly uneven surfaces, XF.

AYYUBID: al-Nasir Yusuf (Saladin), 1169-1193, AV dinar (4.48g), al-Iskandariya, AH581, A-785.2, excellent strike, XF.

AYYUBID: al-Nasir Yusuf (Saladin), 1169-1193, AV dinar (6.56g), al-Qahira (Cairo), AH587, A-785.2, bold strike, very heavy and fantastic quality for Saladin, XF.

AYYUBID: al-Nasir Yusuf (Saladin), 1169-1193, AV 1/6 dinar (0.73g), NM, ND, A-B786, citing al-malik al-nasir in the obverse center, with his titles in the margin, the caliph al-imam al-nasir in the reverse center, also with his titles in the margin; unpublished, XF-AU, RRR. The central legends on both sides are the same as on many Saladin copper coins of the Halab mint (Aleppo).

AYYUBID: al-Nasir Yusuf I (Saladin), 1169-1193, glass weight (jeton) (5.96g), NM, ND, A-793.1, in the name of the Abbasid caliph al-Mustadi bi-amr Allah, who was caliph 1171-1180, bold legend; parchment tan color, opaque; lovely example! bold VF, RR, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 300 (incorrectly assigned to the Imam al-Mustansir), ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

AYYUBID: al-Nasir Yusuf I (Saladin), 1169-1193, glass weight (jeton) (6.02g), A-793.1, B-71, in the name of the Abbasid caliph al-Nasir li-din Allah, who was caliph 1180-1225, reasonably clear legend; gray, opaque, VF, ex SARC Auction 12, lot 357, ex Ismail al-Imam Collection.

AYYUBID: 'Uthman, 1193-1198, AV dinar (5.93g), al-Qahira, AH591, A-794, slight weakness in the rims, but all legends are fully readable, XF.

BAHRI MAMLUK: Khalil, 1290-1293, AV dinar (6.25g) (al-Qahira), DM, A-897, with the lengthy additional titulature nasir al-milla al-muhammadiya wa muhyi al-dawla al-'abbasiya (("succour for the Muhammadan community, reviver of the 'Abbasid dynasty"), style of the al-Qahira mint and a fabulous example, choice XF-AU, RR.

BAHRI MAMLUK: Lajin, 1296-1299, AV dinar (6.49g), Dimashq, AH69x, A-908, bold strike, lustrous AU.

BAHRI MAMLUK: Baybars II, 1309-1310, AV dinar (4.60g), Dimashq, AH709, A-V916, ruler cited as rukn al-dunya wa'l-din abu'l-fath baybars, with full mint above and full date below the reverse field, a pleasant lustrous mint state example, NGC graded MS61, RRR. Until recently this was an unpublished mint for this very rare ruler as only al-Qahira was known before.

BAHRI MAMLUK: Muhammad I, 3rd reign, 1310-1341, AV dinar (6.41g), Dimashq, AH721, A-919, bold strike with full mint and date; rare mint in gold, XF.

BAHRI MAMLUK: Muhammad I, 3rd reign, 1310-1341, AV dinar (5.44g), Dimashq, AH72x, A-919, choice XF.

BAHRI MAMLUK: al-Kamil Sha'ban I, 1345-1346, AV dinar (6.35g), al-Qahira, AH746, A-936, with the titles al-malik al-kamil sayf al-dunya wa'l-din, gorgeous bold strike! AU, RR.

BAHRI MAMLUK: al-Kamil Sha'ban I, 1345-1346, AV dinar (5.99g), al-Qahira, AH747, A-936, with the titles al-malik al-kamil sayf al-dunya wa'l-din, beautiful bold strike! lustrous AU, RR.

BAHRI MAMLUK: al-Ashraf Sha'ban II, 1363-1376, AV dinar (6.25g), al-Qahira, AH765, A-955, bold strike, with full mint & date; traces of original luster, lovely XF-AU.

BAHRI MAMLUK: al-Ashraf Sha'ban II, 1363-1376, AV dinar (8.79g), al-Iskandariya, AH767, A-955, bold strike, with clear mint & date; lots of original luster, bold AU, R. For Sha'ban II, the mint of al-Iskandariya is about 10 times rarer than the principal al-Qahira.

BURJI MAMLUK: Faraj, 1399-1405 & 1406-1412, AV dinar (8.51g), al-Qahira, AH(8)10, A-977, bold strike, XF-AU.

BURJI MAMLUK: al-Musta'in, 1412, AV bunduqi (3.24g), Dimashq, ND, A-984.2, B-672, obverse legend al-imam al-a'zam al-musta'in billah abu'l-fadl al-'abbas, mint above the reverse, VF, RR. Al-Musta'in was not a Mamluk, but the shadow 'Abbasid caliph in Cairo, with the title "al-imam al-a'zam" on some of his gold dinars. Although al-Musta'in was nominal sultan for a few months before Shaykh seized power in his own name, real power was always in the hands of Shaykh.

BURJI MAMLUK: Muhammad III b. Tatar, 1421-1422, AR dirham (2.22g), Halab, ND, A-997A, Zeno-331936 (this piece), struck for the pre-reform standard as inherited from the two previous short-reign Mamluks Ahmad II and Tatar), VF, RRR.

BURJI MAMLUK: Muhammad III b. Tatar, 1421-1422, AR dirham (2.17g), Hamâh, ND, A-997A, Zeno-331936 (this piece), struck for the pre-reform standard as inherited from the two previous short-reign Mamluks Ahmad II and Tatar); first recorded example from the mint of Hamah, presumably unique; about 15% flat strike, F-VF, RRR.

BURJI MAMLUK: Jaqmaq, 1438-1453, AV ashrafi (3.40g), NM, AH(8)46, A-1006, style of al-Qahira mint, VF.

BURJI MAMLUK: Tumanbay I, 1501, AV ashrafi (3.32g), NM, ND, A-1040, B-867, with his title al-sultan al-malik al-'adil, horizontal cables rise upwards towards the left on both sides; he ruled for about 100 days before overthrown by Qansuh II; about 15% flat strike, VF-XF, RR.

ABBASID OF YEMEN: temp. al-Rashid, 786-809, AE fals (2.19g) (San'a), ND/DM, A-1048F, standard fals design, no obverse marginal legend, governor Hammad cited as Mawlä in the reverse margin, and with the word 'adl instead of his patronymic barbar beneath the reverse field; unpublished and probably unique, VF, RRR.

ABBASID OF YEMEN: al-Ma'mun, 813-833, AV dinar (3.76g), NM, AH204, A-A1050.1, citing the governor Muhammad [b. 'Ali] below obverse and no other name or title; presumably struck at San'a, slightly clipped, VF-XF, RR.

ABBASID OF YEMEN: al-Mutawakkil, 847-861, AR dirham (5.18g), AH"200", A-1053N, citing Ja'far below the obverse, with the mint/date formula bi-makiya sana wa mi'tayn, with the mint name either makka with an extra tooth or madina missing one tooth, now regarded as a contemporary imitation from eastern sources (modern Afghanistan or Pakistan), perhaps intended as a souvenir for the Hajj; probably finest known example of this interesting type, VF-XF, RRR. The name Ja'far appears below the obverse field, known on Yemeni gold dinars of al-Wathiq struck at San'a and dated AH232 and of al-Mutawakkil dated 234-235.

RASSID: al-Hadi, 898-911, AV dinar (2.92g), San'â, AH293, A-1065, ruler cited as al-hadi illa al-haqq amir al-mu'minin bin rasul Allah; very rare mint for this type (usually dated 288 or 293), XF, RR.

RASULID: al-Muzaffar Yusuf b. 'Umar, 1249-1295, AE fals (0.93g), Makka (Mecca), ND, A-1103F, Zeno-340960 (this piece), citing the Rasulid Yusuf b. 'Umar on the obverse, the famous Mamluk ruler al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din on the reverse, with the mint formula duriba bi-makka above the reverse, partial weakness, the middle grade example of the only 3 known examples of this type (all cited on Zeno), Fine. Of great historical importance, as it confirms the bi-partisan arrangemenyt between Baybars and Yusuf b. 'Umar for maintenance of the holy city of Makka. See Zeno-342459 for extensive analysis of the importance of this piece.

RASULID: al-Mujahid 'Ali, 1322-1363, AV dinar (4.46g), 'Adan, AH735, A-M1108, obverse has the royal legend al-sultan al-malik al-mujahid sayf al-Islam 'ali bin al-malik al-mu'ayyad da'ud followed by the mint & date; extended religious legends on the reverse; design derived from contemporary North African dinars, probably based on the Merinid dinars, with a small sword in the obverse center; full clear mint & date; pierced, VF, RRR.

SELJUQ OF RUM: Qilij Arslan IV, 1248-1249, AR dirham (2.82g), Sivas, AH(646), A-1226, one-year type with mounted archer, clear mint name, date off flan, mount removed, VF, R.

SELJUQ OF RUM: Qilij Arslan IV, 1248-1249, AR dirham (2.44g), Sivas, AH(6)46, A-1226, mounted archer right, shooting forward an arrow with a forked tip, with two similar forked arrows hanging from his right arm, almost identical to the archer dirhams of the Great Mongol Queen Töregene dated AH642-645; mount removed, VF, R.

OTTOMAN EMPIRE: Mehmet II, 1451-1481, AV sultani (3.54g), Kostantiniye, AH883 (1478), A-1306, Pere-80, the second year of the first Ottoman gold coinage, produced only at the capital mint, Kostantiniye (Istanbul), a pleasant mint state example, NGC graded MS61, ex Kenneth A. Bovenkamp Collection, ex Stephen Album Fixed Price List 243, Item 77549.

OTTOMAN EMPIRE: Süleyman I, 1520-1566, AV sultani (3.53g), Misr, AH(926), A-1317, VF-XF.

OTTOMAN EMPIRE: Murad III, 1574-1595, AV sultani, Canca, AH982, A-1332.1, scarce mint, slightly wavy surfaces (not noted on the slab), ANACS graded VF30.

OTTOMAN EMPIRE: Murad IV, 1623-1640, AV sultani (3.40g), Halab, AH1032, A-1369, stylistically almost identical to Damali-HP-A1a, but struck from a different pair of dies surely cut by the same engraver, one small area of weakness, VF, RR.

ALGIERS: Mahmud II, 1808-1830, AR 2 budju, Jaza'ir, AH1237, KM-75, a pleasant mint state example with light toning, PCGS graded MS61.

ALGIERS: Mahmud II, 1808-1839, AV sultani, AH1241, KM-66, lustrous and generally well struck, exceptional luster, NGC graded MS63. The single finest graded example (Top Pop) at NGC.

ALGIERS: Abdel Kader, Rebel, 1834-1847, AR budju, Taqidemt, AH1256, KM-89, one year type and an attractive example for the type, PCGS graded AU53, RR.

AZERBAIJAN: Mahmud I, in the Caucasus 1730-1735, AR 2 shahi (2.62g), Ganja, AH1143, A-2710, decent strike, date almost entirely off flan; pierced, VF, RRR, ex Kenneth A. Bovenkamp Collection.

EGYPT: Abdul Hamid I, 1774-1789, AR 1/2 zeri mahbub, Misr, AH1187, KM-125, bold strike with no weakness, NGC graded MS63.

EGYPT: Abdul Hamid I, 1774-1789, AV zeri mahbub (2.58g), Misr, AH1187/8, KM-127, rare date, decent luster, AU.

EGYPT: Muhammad V, 1909-1914, AR 5 qirsh, Misr, AH1327 year 6-H, Y-31, KM-308., struck at the Heaton Mint, Birmingham, a superb specimen quality with prooflike luster, very rare, PCGS graded Specimen 65, ex SARC Auction 48, Lot 422; ex Heaton Mint Collection, ex The 1914 Collection. Finest (and only specimen) graded at both PCGS and NGC.

EGYPT: Muhammad V, 1909-1914, AR 10 qirsh, Misr, AH1327 year 6-H, KM-309, beautiful light peripheral toning, old NGC holder, NGC graded MS64, ex The 1914 Collection.

EGYPT: Muhammad V, 1909-1914, AR 10 qirsh, Misr, AH1327 year 6-H, Y-32, KM-309., struck at the Heaton Mint, Birmingham, a fantastic specimen quality with proof like luster, very rare, a lovely example! PCGS graded Specimen 66, ex SARC Auction 48, Lot 423; ex Heaton Mint Collection, ex The 1914 Collection. Finest (and only specimen) graded by PCGS and NGC.

EGYPT: Muhammad V, 1909-1914, AR 20 qirsh, Misr, AH1327 year 6-H, KM-310, Schön-23, fantastic russet peripheral tone, lustrous with nice surfaces, NGC graded MS64+, ex Heritage Auction 3098 Lot 34000, ex The 1914 Collection. Second finest graded by both NGC and PCGS.

TURKEY: Mustafa II, 1695-1703, AV sultani (ashrafi), Kostantiniye, AH1106, KM-127, UBK-13, NGC graded MS61.

TURKEY: Mustafa III, 1695-1703, AV ashrafi (3.46g), Edirne, AH1106, KM-129, the first post-reform gold coin struck at Edirne, choice VF, R. The only earlier gold coin of Edirne was struck by Süleyman I (1520-1566), exceedingly rare!

TURKEY: Mustafa II, 1695-1703, AV sultani (ashrafi), Ordu-yu Humayun, KM-A131, pleasant strike, NGC graded AU58, RRR. Ordu-yu Hümayun means "Imperial Army", a mint that was attached to the army while on command at any location. Although the coins could have been struck wherever the armed forces were located, the dies were probably produced at Istanbul.

TURKEY: Ahmed III, 1703-1730, AR kurush, Kostantiniye, AH1115, KM-159, mint master initials mim dal, a wonderful lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS64.

TURKEY: Ahmed III, 1703-1730, AR kurush, Kostantiniye, AH1115, KM-159, mint master initials mim dal, a wonderful lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS64.

TURKEY: Mahmud I, 1730-1754, AR yirmilik (20 para), Kostantiniye, AH1143, KM-206, mintmaster initials sad, superb luster, rotated reverse, a gem example, PCGS graded MS65. Tied with one other example for highest graded (Top Pop) at PCGS.

TURKEY: Osman III, 1754-1757, AR 20 para, Kostantiniye, AH1168, KM-61, initial #3 (ha), a few surface stains, much original luster, cleaned, PCGS graded AU details, RRR, ex Kenneth A. Bovenkamp Collection, ex Stephen Album Auction 22, Lot 467. This is an extremely rare denomination for this reign.

TURKEY: Abdul Hamid I, 1774-1789, AR 5 para, Kostantiniye, AH1187 year 2, KM-379, a superb mint state example! PCGS graded MS65, ex Kenneth A. Bovenkamp Collection.

TURKEY: Abdul Hamid I, 1774-1789, AR kurush, Kostantiniye, AH1187 year 2, KM-396, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63, ex Kenneth A. Bovenkamp Collection.

TURKEY: Abdul Hamid I, 1774-1789, AR kurush, Kostantiniye, AH1187 year 6, KM-396, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63, ex Kenneth A. Bovenkamp Collection.

TURKEY: Abdul Hamid I, 1774-1789, AR 2 piastres (80 para) (30.94g), Kostantiniye, AH1187 year 16, KM-406, fabulous strike, without any weakness whatsoever, rare for this one-year type; iridescent toning, AU, ex Kenneth A. Bovenkamp Collection.

TURKEY: Selim III, 1789-1807, AR akçe (0.09g), Islambul, AH1203 year 1, KM-441, First tughra type with khan below selim, an attractive nearly mint state example, PCGS graded AU58, ex Kenneth A. Bovenkamp Collection, ex Stephen Album Auction 3, Lot 170.

TURKEY: Selim III, 1789-1807, AR 2 piastres (80 para) (30.02g), Islambul, 1203 year 1, KM-480, second toughra and the first weight standard, strong XF, R, ex Kenneth A. Bovenkamp Collection. The first toughra and a few second toughra coins, both at the heavy weight inherited from Abdul Hamid I, were struck briefly during Selim's first year, with the reduced standard introduced later in the same regnal year, also with the second toughra.

TURKEY: Selim III, 1789-1807, AR 10 para, Islambul, AH1203 year 5 (1793), KM-492, a superb example, PCGS graded MS65.

TURKEY: Selim III, 1789-1807, AR kurush, Islambul, AH1203 year 5, KM-498, First tughra type with khan below selim, a pleasing mint state example, PCGS graded MS62, ex Kenneth A. Bovenkamp Collection.

TURKEY: Selim III, 1789-1807, AR yüzlük (100 para) (29.80g), "Islambul", AH1203 year 2, KM-507, finest quality, contemporary European imitation, possibly intended to offer better mint equipment to the Istanbul mint, Prooflike BU, RRR, ex Kenneth A. Bovenkamp Collection. Location of the European provider is unknown.

TURKEY: Mustafa IV, 1807-1808, AR altmislik / 2 zolota, Kostantiniye, AH1222 year 1, KM-540.2, a lustrous example! PCGS graded AU55, ex Kenneth A. Bovenkamp Collection, ex Roma Numismatics Electronic Sale 77, Lot 555.

TURKEY: Mustafa IV, 1807-1808, AR yüzlük (100 para) (31.36g), Kostantiniye, AH1222 year 1, KM-542, NP-731, excellent strike, no weakness but struck on a somewhat crudely cast planchet, VF-XF, RR, ex Kenneth A. Bovenkamp Collection. Originally sold in our Auction 9, lot 184 (2010).

TURKEY: Abdul Mejid, 1839-1861, AR kurush, Kostantiniye, AH1255 year 15 (1853), KM-671, a stunning reflective mint state example! PCGS graded MS67. Part of a small group of 15 coins of this accessional date and regnal year purchased by Maj. Fred S. Pridmore in Cyprus in the 1960s.

TURKEY: Abdul Aziz, 1861-1876, AR 5 kurush, Kostantiniye, AH1277 year 1, KM-691, a wonderful mint state example! PCGS graded MS64.

TURKEY: Abdul Aziz, 1861-1876, AE 5 para, Kostantiniye, AH1277 year 4, KM-699, a wonderful proof quality example! PCGS graded PF64 RB.

TURKEY: Abdul Aziz, 1861-1876, AE 10 para, Kostantiniye, AH1277 year 4, KM-700, a wonderful proof quality example! PCGS graded PF64 RB.

TURKEY: Abdul Aziz, 1861-1876, AE 20 para, Kostantiniye, AH1277 year 4, KM-701, a lovely proof quality example! PCGS graded MS63 RB.

TURKEY: Abdul Hamid II, 1876-1909, AR 20 para, Kostantiniye, AH1293 year 8 (1883), KM-734, a fantastic lustrous toned mint state example! PCGS graded MS66. Part of a small group of 42 coins of this accessional date and regnal year purchased by Maj. Fred S. Pridmore in Cyprus in the 1960s.

TURKEY: Abdul Hamid II, 1876-1909, AR kurush, Kostantiniye, AH1293 year 8 (1883), KM-735, a fantastic lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS66. Part of a small group of 10 coins of this accessional date and regnal year purchased by Maj. Fred S. Pridmore in Cyprus in the 1960s.

TURKEY: Abdul Hamid II, 1876-1909, AR 2 kurush, Kostantiniye, AH1293 year 8 (1883), KM-736, a fantastic reflective mint state example! PCGS graded MS66. Part of a small group of 14 coins of this accessional date and regnal year purchased by Maj. Fred S. Pridmore in Cyprus in the 1960s.

TURKEY: Abdul Hamid II, 1876-1909, AR 2 kurush, Kostantiniye, AH1293 year 8 (1883), KM-736, a fantastic lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS66. Part of a small group of 14 coins of this accessional date and regnal year purchased by Maj. Fred S. Pridmore in Cyprus in the 1960s.

TURKEY: Mehmet V, 1909-1918, AR 10 kurush, AH1327 year 6, KM-751, very lustrous, with "Reshat", PCGS graded MS64, ex The 1914 Collection. Tied for finest graded by PCGS.

TURKEY: Mehmet V, 1909-1918, AV 25 kurush, AH1327 year 6, KM-752, Fr-157, very lustrous, with "Reshat", NGC graded MS64, ex The 1914 Collection. Second finest graded by both NGC and PCGS.

TURKEY: Mehmet V, 1909-1918, AV 25 kurush, AH1327 year 6, KM-752, Fr-157, brilliant frosty luster, with "Reshat", NGC graded MS63, ex The 1914 Collection.

TURKEY: Mehmet V, 1909-1918, AV 25 kurush, AH1327 year 7, KM-752, Fr-162, lustrous, with "el-Ghazi", NGC graded MS62, ex The 1914 Collection. Finest graded by both NGC and PCGS.

TURKEY: Mehmet V, 1909-1918, AV 50 kurush, AH1327 year 6, KM-753, Fr-155, superb luster, die clash on obverse, with "Reshat", NGC graded MS65, ex Heritage Auction 231801 Lot 61274, ex The 1914 Collection. Finest graded by both NGC and PCGS.

TURKEY: Mehmet V, 1909-1918, AV 100 kurush, AH1327 year 6, KM-754, Fr-154, beautifully lustrous, with "Reshat", NGC graded MS63, ex The 1914 Collection.

TURKEY: Mehmet V, 1909-1918, AV 100 kurush, AH1327 year 7, KM-754, Fr-154, superb luster, old NGC holder, with "Reshat", NGC graded MS63, ex The 1914 Collection.

TURKEY: Mehmet V, 1909-1918, AV 500 kurush, AH1327 year 6, KM-758, Fr-152, lustrous, with beautiful orange coloration, with "Reshat", NGC graded MS63, ex The 1914 Collection. Finest graded by both NGC and PCGS.

TURKEY: Mehmet V, 1909-1918, AV 50 kurush, AH1327 year 7, KM-775, Fr-161, lightly cleaned, still lustrous, mintage of only 9,175 pieces, scarce date/regnal year/type, with "el-Ghazi", NGC graded AU, ex The 1914 Collection.

KHUJISTANID: Ahmad b. 'Abd Allah, 874-881, AR dirham (4.00g), Herat, AH268, A-1396, obverse legend bi'l-nasr / al-mulk wa'l-qudra lillah / al-hawl wa'l-quwwa billah / al-wafi ahmad bin 'abd Allah / wa'l-zafar; superb strike, especially for Herat, XF, RRR. Herat is much rarer than Nishapur, the standard mint for this type, with only 3 on CoinArchives, all much lower quality than this piece.

AMIR OF AL-KHUTTAL: al-Harith b. Asad, 893-905, AR dirham (6.20g), al-Khuttal, AH284, A-S1440, cf. Zeno-274061, with the special phrase al-hamd al-wahid al-samad / al-yumn wa'l-sa'âda wa'l-rushd above the ruler's name, nearly VF, RRR. Citing Badr above the reverse field, who was the chief page to the Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tadid.

SAMANID: Nasr II, 914-943, AV dinar (4.30g), Jurjan, AH322, A-1449, Bernardi-282Li, Zeno-275545 (this piece), citing the caliph al-Qahir, extremely rare mint for this type, XF, RRR.

SAMANID: Nasr II, 914-943, AV dinar (2.28g), al-Muhammadiya, AH328, A-1449, Zeno-264510 (this piece, with important discussion), unusual variant with rasul and al-radi added in tiny script after having been omitted by the engraver; some weakness, mint & date sufficiently legible, VF.

SAMANID: Nuh II, 943-954, AV dinar (4.06g), al-Muhammadiya (= Rayy), AH333, A-1454A, special issue with Qur'an sura 112 filling the reverse field, struck at Samarqand in AH332 and at several mints in 333; slightly uneven surfaces, full legends on both sides, VF, RR.

QARAKHANID: Ahmad b. 'Ali, 994-1016, AR dirham (2.94g), Il-Ordu, AH395, A-3304, Kochnev-145, ruler cited as nasir al-haqq ahmad bin 'ali qara khaqan, very rare mint; wonderful quality, showing the magnificent capability of the early Qarakhanid die engravers! XF, RR.

ZAYDI IMAMS OF HAWSAM: temp. Abu'l-Husayn al-Mu'ayyad, ca. 990-1020, AV fractional dinar (0.98g), Hawsam, AH400, A-N1524, cf. Zeno-161246, looped octalobe on each side, Shi'ite kalima in the obverse center, Qur'an sura 112 in the reverse field, and lillah repeated in outer margin 8 times on each side; about 20% flat on both sides, F-VF, RR.

BUWAYHID: 'Adud al-Dawla, 949-983, AV dinar (3.88g), Madinat al-Salam, AH368, A-1551, Treadwell-, as sole ruler, exact legends as Treadwell-Ms367G but dated one year later, different legend than the three silver dirhams dated 368 published by Treadwell, VF, RR.

IMRANIDS (BATIHA) period: Anonymous, ca. 1009-1010, AR dirham (3.69g), Wasit, AH400 (likely), A-1587X, first half of the kalima, mint/date formula around // Qur'an sura 112, verse 9:33 around, probably struck during the complex period between the 'Imranids, the Buwayhids, and various rivals in the region of Wasit; some weakness, unpublished, VF, RRR.

IMRANIDS (BATIHA) period: Anonymous, ca. 1009-1010, AR dirham (7.1og), Wasit, AH400 (likely), A-1587X, first half of the kalima, mint/date formula around // Qur'an sura 112 in center, verse 9:33 around, probably struck during the complex period between the 'Imranids, the Buwayhids, and various rivals in the region of Wasit; unpublished, Fine, RRR.

KAKWAYHID: Faramurz, 1041-1051, AV dinar, Isbahan, AH435, A-1592.2, citing the Great Seljuq Tughril Beg, bow & arrow above the obverse & reverse firelds, NGC graded MS64.

GHAZNAVID: Mahmud, as governor of Khorasan, 997-999, AV dinar, Nishapur, AH387, A-1602, with the title sayf al-dawla and citing the Samanid overlord Mansur II and the Abbasid caliph al-Ta'i'; slight weakness by the rims, ANACS graded AU50, R. Type incorrectly cited as A-1402 instead of A-1602 on the slab, surely the grader's typo!

GHAZNAVID: Mas'ud I, 1030-1041, AV dinar (4.00g), Herat, AH429, A-1619, clear mint & date, ruler cited as nasir din Allah abu sa'id mas'ud, VF.

GHAZNAVID: 'Abd al-Rashid, 1049-1052, AV dinar (4.26g), Ghazna, AH441, A-1629, with the ruler's full titulature 'izz al-dawla wa zayn al-milla sayf Allah, VF, R.

GHAZNAVID: Ibrahim, 1059-1099, debased AV dinar (4.91g) (Ghazna), DM, A-1637.3, bold strike, VF-XF.

GHAZNAVID: Ibrahim, 1059-1099, debased AV dinar (5.38g) (Ghazna), DM, A-1637.3, strong strike, VF.

GHAZNAVID: Ibrahim, 1059-1099, debased AV dinar (4.00g), Ghazna, DM, A-1637.3, VF.

GHAZNAVID: Ibrahim, 1059-1099, debased AV dinar (4.74g) (Ghazna), DM, A-1637.3, some minor weakness, VF.

GREAT SELJUQ: Malikshah I, 1072-1092, pale AV dinar (4.27g), Balkh, AH484 ("4" recut over "2"), A-1675A, with Ayat al-Kursi (Qur'an 2:255) filling the reverse field with minuscule text in 8 lines and a dagger to the right; apparently the first known Malikshah dinar of this type for the mint of Balkh, VF, RRR. Gold fineness likely in the range of 40-60%.

GREAT SELJUQ: Arslan Arghu, 1093-1097, pale AV dinar (4.62g), Balkh, AH(4)87, A-1681A, bold mint & date, with the Qur'anic phrase Ayat al-Kursi (Sura 2:255) filling the reverse field, minimal weakness only in the margins, some stain on the reverse margin, bold VF-XF, RR.

GREAT SELJUQ: Arslan Arghu, 1093-1097, pale AV dinar (4.62g), Walw(alij), AH(4)87, A-1681A, mint name sufficient clear; axe and dagger in the obverse field, with the Qur'anic phrase Ayat al-Kursi (Sura 2:255) filling the reverse field, minimal weakness only in the margins, remarkable quality for this type, strong VF, RR.

SELJUQ OF WESTERN IRAN: Mahmud II, 1118-1131, AV dinar (3.26g), AH512, A-1688, mint off flan, probably not the common mint al-Ahwaz; wavy surfaces and about 20% flat strike, VF.

SELJUQ OF KIRMAN: Turanshah I, 1085-1097, AV dinar (3.18g), Bardasir, AH485, A-1700, citing the caliph al-Mustazhir, with the title shahanshah below the obverse; few spots of weakness, mainly in the margins, XF, RR. The phrase "shahanshah" replaces the name of the Great Seljuq overlord Mu'izz al-Din (Malikshah I).

AMIR OF NISHAPUR (?): Muhammad b. Toghanshah, AE fals (4.29g), NM, ND, A-1708D, obverse legend just muhammad bin / toghan, reverse al-mu'ayyid min Allah ("supported by God"); this is only a tentative attribution, though it seems quite reasonable that muhammad is part of the full name of the Amir Sanjar b. Toghanshah (A-1708D), who ruled in Nishapur AH581-583 (1185-1187 AD), bold VF-XF, RRR. Cf. our auction 47, lot 471, with his full name "toghanshah" on the obverse but struck from the same reverse die!

KHWARIZMSHAH: Mangubarni, 1220-1231, AV dinar (2.88g), MM, DM, A-1742, ruler cited as jalal al-dunya wa'l-din abu'l-muzaffar mangubarni bin al-sultan muhammad; minimal weakness, VF, RR.

KHWARIZMSHAH: Mangubarni, 1220-1231, pale AV dinar (4.05g), NM, ND, A-1742K, style as type A-1713 of his father 'Ala al-Din Muhammad, citing the caliph al-Nasir, actual fineness unknown, VF, RRR. Based on the Kanauj fabric style from Northwestern India.

KHWARIZMSHAH: Mangubarni, 1220-1231, AR broad dirham (5.61g) (Ghazna), DM, A-1744, ruler cited as jalal al-dunya wa'l-din abu'l-muzaffar mangubarni bin al-sultan; style of the Ghazna mint; average strike with the usual marginal weakness, VF, RR.

GHORID: Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad, 1171-1206, AV dinar (3.94g), Ghazna, AH(5)96, A-1760, Goron-D1, cf. Zeno-197654, month of (dhu')l-hijja, one of the earliest months for this short-lived type; "bull's eye" type with three outer circular legends and muhammad / bin sam in the center on both sides (for Mu'izz al-Din and his brother Ghiyath al-Din), with the Qur'an verse 9:33 in the outer margin, XF.

GHORID: Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad, 1171-1206, AV dinar (3.78g), Ghazna, AH(5)97, A-1760, Goron-D1, cf. Zeno-197654, "bull's eye" type with three outer circular legends and muhammad / bin sam in the center on both sides (for Mu'izz al-Din and his brother Ghiyath al-Din), with the Qur'an verse 9:33 in the outer margin, AU.

GHORID: Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad, 1171-1206, AV dinar (4.33g), Ghazna, DM, A-1760, Goron-D1, cf. Zeno-197654, "bull's eye" type with three outer circular legends and muhammad / bin sam in the center on both sides (for Mu'izz al-Din and his brother Ghiyath al-Din), with the Qur'an verse 9:33 in the outer margin; about 30% flat strike, XF-AU.

GHORID: Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad, 1171-1206, AV dinar (3.05g), Ghazna, DM, A-1760, Goron-D1, cf. Zeno-197654, "bull's eye" type with three outer circular legends and muhammad / bin sam in the center on both sides (for Mu'izz al-Din and his brother Ghiyath al-Din), with the Qur'an verse 9:33 in the outer margin; partially double-struck, XF-AU.

GHORID: Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad, 1171-1206, AV 4-1/2 masha (4.22g), , ND, A-1764.2, Lakshmi seated // Nagari legend sri maha / mira mahama da sâmah, XF, R.

GHORID: Taj al -Din Yildiz, 1206-1215, debased AV dinar (4.05g) (Ghazna), AH612, A-1793, citing the deceased Muhammad b. Sam as al-sultan al-shahid ("the martyred sultan"), himself as "sultan of the east", F-VF, R, ex M.H. Mirza Collection.

ZANGIDS OF AL-MAWSIL: Mas'ud II, 1211-1218, AV dinar (6.70g), al-Mawsil, AH611, A-1866, citing the Ayyubid overlord Abu Bakr; slightly weak strike, F-VF, Scarce.

ZANGIDS OF AL-MAWSIL: Nur al-Din Arslanshah II, 1218-1219, AV dinar, al-Mawsil, AH615, A-1868, also citing the Ayyubid overlords al-Kamil Muhammad and al-Ashraf Musa; some weakness on both sides, VF, RR. There is only 1 example cited on CoinArchives.

ASSASSINS AT ALAMUT (BATINID): 'Alâ al-Din Muhammad III, 1221-1254, AR dirham (3.25g), Balad Maymana, AH(61)9, A-1921, Maymana is located in the Faryab province of Afghanistan and is still a significant town; this piece shows that the word before the mint name is balad and the full mint name is completely legible on this piece; same dies as lot 498 sold in our Aucton 53; some light adhesions on both sides; mount removed, VF, RRR. This type bears purely Sunni inscriptions, and the royal inscriptions resemble those of the Khwarizmshah ruler Muhammad. It is the 4th known example of this type (the other three are posted on CoinArchives).

ASSASSINS AT ALAMUT (BATINID): Muhammad III, 1221-1254, AR fractional dirham (0.95g), NM, ND, A-1921A, muhammad bin / (al-hasan) on obverse, al-mawla al-a'zam on reverse, off-center strike, VF.

ASSASSINS AT ALAMUT (BATINID): Muhammad III, 1221-1254, AE fals (2.00g), NM, ND, A-1921I, obverse legend al-mawla / al-a'zam // bird right, formed out of the name letters for muhammad bin al-hasan; traces of a margin legend on the reverse, VF.

ASSASSINS AT ALAMUT (BATINID): Muhammad III, 1221-1254, AE fals (2.13g), NM, ND, A-1921I, obverse legend al-mawla / al-a'zam // bird right, formed out of the name letters for muhammad bin al-hasan; traces of a margin legend on the reverse, VF.

ASSASSINS AT ALAMUT (BATINID): Muhammad III, 1221-1254, AE fals (2.18g), NM, ND, A-1921I, obverse legend al-mawla / al-a'zam // bird right, formed out of the name letters for muhammad bin al-hasan, presumably strick at Alamut; excellent example with all legends and designs fully visible, VF, RRR.

ASSASSINS AT ALAMUT (BATINID): Muhammad III, 1221-1254, AE fals (2.07g), NM, ND, A-1921I, obverse legend al-mawla / al-a'zam // bird right, formed out of the name letters for muhammad bin al-hasan; somewhat off-center strike, some weakness, crude VF.

ASSASSINS AT ALAMUT (BATINID): Muhammad III, 1221-1254, AE fals (2.10g), NM, ND, A-1921I, obverse legend al-mawla / al-a'zam // bird right, formed out of the name letters for muhammad bin al-hasan, presumably struck at Alamut; slight porosity but with all legends and designs fully visible, VF, RRR.

ASSASSINS AT ALAMUT (BATINID): Muhammad III, 1221-1254, AE fals (1.87g), NM, DM, A-1921I, obverse legend should be al-mawla / al-a'zam but is almost totally corroded // bird right, formed out of the name letters for muhammad bin al-hasan, with part of a date formula visible (perhaps xx7); presumably strick at Alamut, VF, RRR.

ASSASSINS AT ALAMUT (BATINID): Muhammad III, 1221-1254, AE fals (2.00g), NM, AH(6)5(1), A-1921I, obverse legend al-mawla / al-a'zam // bird right, formed out of the name letter for muhammad bin al-hasan, with part of the date visible in the reverse margin, VG-F, RRR. Struck from dies broader than the actual coins, with traces of the date formula visible on just 2 or 3 pieces.Alamut ("eagle's nest") was a remote castle built at 2,000m atop a steep mountain north of Qazwin in Iran. For 166 years, it was the center of an Isma'ili state that consisted of a series of discontiguous mountain strongholds in a sea of hostile territories. Most famously, it was where trained assassins were dispatched across the Middle East to carry out high-profile assassinations as a means of defense against its numerically superior enemies. They claimed the lives of hundreds of prominent targets, including several Abbasid and Fatimid caliphs, Seljuq viziers (including the great Nizam al-Mulk in 1092 AD), and Crusader lords. Alamut was finally conquered by the Mongols and partially dismantled, where a substantial ruin remains to this day as a popular tourist site.

ATABEGS OF KHUZESTAN: Amiran b. Shamla, 1175-1195, AV dinar (2.20g), MM/NM, DM, A-1921L, citing the ruler as the Atabeg and his father as Ayd(ughdi, also citing the caliph al-Nasir li-din Allah (1180-1225) (all examples of this ruler on CoinArchives cite the previous caliph al-Mustadi), about 20% flat strike; appears to be a newly discovered subtype for this ruler, crude VF, RRR.

ATABEG OF FARS: Saljuqshah, 1123-1130, AV dinar (2.38g), Fasâ, AH522, A-1922Q, citing the western Seljuq ruler Abu'l-Qasim Mahmud on the obverse, the Great Seljuq Sanjar on the reverse, with the ruler cited as atabek / qarâja to right and left on the reverse; fully legible mint & date, crude VF, RRR. Originally sold in our Auction 51, lot 381.

SALGHURID: Anonymous, ca. 1263-1265, AR dirham (2.78g), Shiraz, AH(6)6x, A-E1928, citing only the Ilkhan overlord Hulagu as ilkhan al-mu'azzam hulagu padshah-i jahân, clear mint name followed by date which is largely off flan; about 30% flat strike; unpublished and unique, VF-XF, RRR. Special calligraphic style used by the Salghurid Abu Bakr for his latest issues (after about AH656) and the early types of Abish bin Sa'd dated AH665-666.

QALHATI AMIR: Salghurshah, 1534-1541, AR larin (4.97g), NM/MM, ND, A-L1945, with the name salghur / shah in central box on the obverse; weight as the earlier Safavid larins before Tahmasp I reduced the weight to about 4.90g, VF, RRR. This is one of the first three larins of this ruler we have encountered.

GREAT MONGOLS: Chingiz Khan, 1206-1227, AV dinar (4.16g) (Bukhara), ND, A-1964, with the name chingiz khan atop the obverse field, with all but part of the first letter of chingiz boldly clear, partally double-struck on the obverse; style of the Bukhara mint, crude VF, RR.

GREAT MONGOLS: Chingiz Khan, 1206-1227, AV fractional dinar (1.73g) (Bukhara), ND, A-3700 (1964), all but the first letter of his full name (ch)ingiz khan clear atop the obverse, style found only at the Bukhara mint, VF.

GREAT MONGOLS: Chingiz Khan, 1206-1227, AV dinar (2.51g), Qayin, ND/DM, A-1964, obverse center: al-khaqan / al-a'zam / chingiz khan, floral ornament above & below, with marginal text (duriba) bi-qâyin fi sana .... // kalima, similar floral ornaments as on the obverse, unread marginal text (mostly off flan), unpublished and the 2nd known example of this mint in the name of Chingiz Khan (the first was sold in our Auction 32, lot 564, in 2018), VF, RRRR. The small town of Qayin (modern Ghayen) is located in Quhistan province, an arid region with small mountains, along the main highway from the town of Gonabad to Birjand. In the early thirteenth Century AD when Mongol and Khwarizmshah conflict was ignited, the region lay within the realm of Khwarzmshah. Mongol onslaught was initially directed against major population Khwarizmian centers, like Samarqand, Bukhara, Merv, etc., but as the Khwarizmian resistance melted, the Mongol armies mopped up the entire region. One of the several branches of the Mongol army marched south to Nimruz (Sistan province), either from Nishapur or Herat, passing well to the east of Qayen, that was located within the arid and otherwise desolate Quhistan region. Areas now comprising the western edge of modern day Afghanistan were invaded from the North-north West side, which was just to the east of Quhistan, where Qayen was located. Arrival of Mongol armies in the region, combined with the news about the most atrocious manner in which large cities were invaded and entire populations annihilated, had created a chilling effect. Peripheral towns and villages conceded without any resistance. Whoever was in charge at Qayen must have chosen to strike its coins in the name of Chingiz Khan, in effect, a statement of confession, an attempt at appeasing the "World Conqueror" under the hope that Mongol army would not invade and devastate the city of Qayen, a wise move, which indeed ultimately saved the city from absolute destruction.

GREAT MONGOLS: Chingiz Khan, 1206-1227, AV dinar (2.87g), Bukhara, ND, A-1964, obverse legend chingiz khan / al-'adil / al-a'zam, full mint name above the reverse field; average strike, VF, R.

GREAT MONGOLS: Chingiz Khan, 1206-1227, AR dirham (3.05g), , ND (ca. 1221-1223), A-1967, citing Chingiz Khan by name, Zeno type A1/B1, excellent strike, mount removed, VF-XF, R. It has recently been suggested that this type was not necessarily struck at Ghazna, but by the Mongol military after it departed from Ghazna when chasing Mangubarni towards the Indus River, with minting equipment brought along from Ghazna.

GREAT MONGOLS: temp. Ögedei, 1227-1241, AV dinar (2.44g), Samar(qand), AH(6)30, A-A-O3738 (B1967), totally anonymous, without even the caliph's name, mint above the obverse, date in the obverse margin, about 5% flat strike, VF-XF, RR.

GREAT MONGOLS: Möngke, 1251-1260, AV dinar (2.98g), Astarabad, ND, A-V1977, mint name above the obverse, floral ornament above reverse, unusually nice strike for this type, VF-XF, R, ex Shèngbidébao Collection.

GREAT MONGOLS: Anonymous, ca. 1225-1245, AV dinar (2.91g), Astarabad, AH63x, A-Y3723 (1965), al-Khaqan obverse, kalima reverse, citing the mint name in both fields and in the obverse margin, date may be AH638 but the final digit is not sufficiently clear, VF.

GREAT MONGOLS: Anonymous, ca. 1230s-1260s, AV dinar (4.76g), Astarabad, ND, A-Y3723 (1965), crude style, likely at least 70% gold fineness, VF.

GREAT MONGOLS: Anonymous, ca. 1225-1240, AV dinar (3.12g), Astarabad, ND, A-Y3723 (1965), al-Khaqan obverse, kalima reverse, mint name above the obverse field, traces of the marginal legends on both sides, VF.

GREAT MONGOLS: Anonymous, ca. 1220s-1240s, AV light dinar (1.50g), NM, ND, A-Y3723 (1965), obverse al-khaqan / al-'adil / al-a'zam, kalima reverse; crude strike, VF.

GREAT MONGOLS: Anonymous, ca. 1220s-1250s, AV dinar (1.98g), Dihistan, ND/DM, A-1966, obverse legend al-qa'an / al-'adil / al-a'zam, with the mint name above // the kalima; somewhat crude strike, VF-XF, RR.

GREAT MONGOLS: Anonymous, ca. 1225-1255, AV dinar (3.71g), Dihistan, ND, A-3723 (1966), citing al-Qa'an on the obverse, kalima reverse, mint name above the obverse, VF, RR. A similar type of Dihistan mint was sold in our Auction 17, lot 639.

GREAT MONGOLS: Anonymous, ca. 1220s-1240s, AV dinar (5.96g), ND/DM, A-A1967, citing only the caliph al-Nasir li-din Allah, likely after his death, style of the Badakhshan region; about 30% flat strike (as usual), crude VF.

GREAT MONGOLS: Anonymous, ca. 1225-1240, AV dinar (4.06g), MM/NM, ND/DM, A-A1967, kalima obverse, caliph al-Nasir cited on the reverse, about 15% flat strike, VF.

GREAT MONGOLS: Anonymous, ca. 1250s-1260s, AR dirham (2.87g), [Qara Qorum], ND, A-3754 (K1979), cf. Zeno-20618, Allah in obverse center, with rabb instead of wahdahu below, written with separate letters // al-urdu / al-a'zam / 'adluhu, instead of the mint name in Uighur below; about 20% flat strike; appears to be an unpublished type, VF, RRR. The symbol above the obverse resembled the tamgha of Güyük (1246-1249), but likely struck later.

GREAT MONGOLS: Anonymous, ca. 1250s-1260s, AR 1/2 dirham (1.51g), Qara Qorum, ND, A-3754A, Zeno-20618, Allah in obverse center, with wahdahu below, written with separate letters // al-urdu al-a'zam, mint name in Uighur below; nice strike with almost no weakness, VF, RRR. The symbol above the obverse resembled the tamgha of Güyük (1246-1249), but likely struck later.

CHAGHATAYID KHANS: Yesun Timur, 1336-1340, AR dinar (6.29g), Almaligh (Xinjiang Province of China), AH740, A-1999, cf. Zeno-104777, legends yesun timur khan khaqan al-a'zam zuyyida 'adluhu // sikka almaligh 740; the obverse legend is crudely engraved, either an official die cut by an incapable engraver or a contemporary imitation; the reverse die is relatively accurately engraved; virtually no weakness, only one small crease, lovely VF, RRR.

GOLDEN HORDE: Toda Mangu, 1280-1287, AR dirham, Qrim (Crimea), AH683, A-2021.1, tamgha in central circle // 4-line legend, with date in numerals; fantastic grade, slight double-striking on the reverse (not influencing the mint & date), NGC graded MS65.

ILKHAN: Arghun, 1284-1291, AR dirham (2.21g), Khüzistân, AH(6)86, A-2146R, inner circle with legend arghun / al-qa'an / al-a'zam, very clear mint & date in the margin // plain circle around 4-line extended kalima; the first known example with the full mint name, confirmed now as Khuzistan rather than Khuy, VF, RRR. This type was originally assigned to Khuy, with the first known specimen in the Tübingen collection with the mint described as "Khuy? mint uncertain", the second sold in our Auction 35, lot 1388 (same obverse die), where I assumed "Khuy" was most likely, even though the last letter looks more like R or Z rather then Y, but the next segment of the margin was off flan. This piece, the 3rd known example, shows the rest of the mint name and confirms that it is Khûzistân, the southwest Iranian region, not Khuy, and the style is more appropriate for southern Iran rather than the northwest!

ILKHAN: Arghun, 1284-1291, AR dirham (2.41g) (Bazar Urdu), ND, A-2156.9, Chinese-style lion within circle, Uighur text around, arghun above lion // kalima, mint name below (off flan, confirmed by die-link to lot 1437 sold in our Auction 33), undated, VF-XF, RRR.

TIMURID: Zahir al-Din Babur, 2nd reign, 1500-1501, AR tanka (4.76g) (Samarqand), AH(906), A-K2462, struck during Babur 's second reign at Samarqand, with two later Herat countermarks of Sultan Husayn (A-2439), VF, RR, ex SARC Auction 39, Lot 2915.

SAFAVID: Isma'il I, 1501-1524, AV ashrafi, NM/MM, ND, A-2569, denomination uncertain, weight not recorded on the slab; style of the al-Jazira regional mints, including Mardin, ANACS graded MS62

SAFAVID: Tahmasp I, 1524-1576, AV 1/2 mithqal (2.3g), Tabriz, AH930, A-2591, date in the lower corner of the reverse field, VF.

SAFAVID: Tahmasp I, 1524-1576, AV ½ mithqal (2.29g), NM, ND, A-2611H, countermarked 'adl-i shah on type A-N2593, half mithqal of the 4th standard of gold coinage of Tahmasp I, Sabzawar mint, date AH95x, VF-XF, RRR.

HOTAKI: Mahmud Shah, 1722-1724, AV ashrafi, Isfahan, AH1136, A-2712, KM-325.1, type B, with the couplet starting with foru ravad be-zamin ..., bold strike, NGC graded MS61, R.

AFSHARID: Nadir Shah, as viceroy, 1729-1735, AR 1/3 Mughal rupee (3.72g), Herat, ND, A-2737-var, same legends and design as types A-2736 (AR abbasi, 5.34g, and AR 2 shahi, 2.68g); the edge clearly shows that this piece was never clipped or acid-treated; believed to be unique, RRR. Herat was a very common early Safavid mint for both silver and gold, then abbruptly shut down in or shortly after AH978, after which it became a very rarely used Safavid and subsequently Afsharid mint, except for a brief Shaybanid series about AH996-1006 and Afsharid AH1153-1161. It resumed as a common mint AH1188-1308 with a few later copper coins. Unlike silver and gold, copper fulus were struck at Herat fairly continuously from the late 900s until AH1347.

QAJAR: Fath 'Ali Shah, 1797-1834, AV keshvarsetan (3.41g), Khuy, AH1244, A-2870, with the mint epithet dar al-safâ, NGC graded AU55, RR. Recent research shows that Fath Ali changed the gold coinage from the 4.61g sahebqeran to the 3.45 keshvarsetan at some point during the year AH1244.

QAJAR: Nasir al-Din Shah, 1848-1896, AV toman, Qazwin, AHxxx4, A-2921, date likely AH1274, NGC graded MS61.

CENTRAL ASIA: Byzantine style, ca. 6th/7th century, AV burial piece (3.21g), A-3850, early bust of Justinian I (527-565) with his name still fully legible and holding spear behind his head // angel holding long cross and globus cruciger, with readable legend around, derived from his type Sear-137, with gold loop attached, together with a tiny gold bowl that probably originally contained a precious stone object, VF, RRR. Gold burial pieces come almost exclusively from Central Asia and adjacent areas south and east centered around the Silk Road. They are either bracteate or two-sided, and we now believe that they first appeared in about the 4th or 5th century with the design derived from Roman solidi, then became relatively common during the 6th-8th century based on Byzantine solidi, with the Byzantine style likely continuing to be copied into the 10th century or even later. Another group are based on Sogdian or Hunnic models and likely dated from the 7th to 9th or 10th century. We have also seen examples derived from Samanid, Seljuq, Khwarizmshah, Chaghatayid, and generic Arabic dinars, presumably from the 10th to at least the 14th century. These were normally used as burial pieces, places upon the deceased.

CENTRAL ASIA: Byzantine style, ca. 7th-8th century, AV burial piece (0.61g), A-3850, design derived from one of the late 6th century Byzantine emperors, perhaps Maurice Tiberius (582-602), standard design (facing bust // angel with cross and globus cruciger), blundered legends on both sides; looped for attachment, crude VF, R. Gold burial pieces come almost exclusively from Central Asia and adjacent areas south and east centered around the Silk Road. They are either bracteate or two-sided, and we now believe that they first appeared in about the 4th or 5th century with the design derived from Roman solidi, then became relatively common during the 6th-8th century based on Byzantine solidi, with the Byzantine style likely continuing to be copied into the 10th century or even later. Another group are based on Sogdian or Hunnic models and likely dated from the 7th to 9th or 10th century. We have also seen examples derived from Samanid, Seljuq, Khwarizmshah, Chaghatayid, and generic Arabic dinars, presumably from the 10th to at least the 14th century. These were normally used as burial pieces, places upon the deceased.

CENTRAL ASIA: Sogdian style, ca. 7th-9th century, AV bracteate burial piece (0.72g), A-3850, crowned bust turned slightly to the right, twig to left, meaningly pseudo-Sogdian name to right, possibly derived from one of the later Chach copper coins, pierced for suspension, VF, RRR. Gold burial pieces come almost exclusively from Central Asia and adjacent areas south and east centered around the Silk Road. They are either bracteate or two-sided, and we now believe that they first appeared in about the 4th or 5th century with the design derived from Roman solidi, then became relatively common during the 6th-8th century based on Byzantine solidi, with the Byzantine style likely continuing to be copied into the 10th century or even later. Another group are based on Sogdian or Hunnic models and likely dated from the 7th to 9th or 10th century. We have also seen examples derived from Samanid, Seljuq, Khwarizmshah, Chaghatayid, and generic Arabic dinars, presumably from the 10th to at least the 14th century. These were normally used as burial pieces, places upon the deceased.

JANID: 'Abd al-Mu'min Khan, 1747-1751, AV tilla (4.66g), NM, ND, A-3024, XF.

MANGHIT OF BUKHARA: 'Abd al-Ahad, 1886-1910, AV tilla, Bukhara, AH1325, A-3041, KM-65, about 25% flat strike (not noted on the slab), NGC graded AU50.

DURRANI: Ahmad Shah, 1747-1772, AR rupee (11.43g), Lahore, year one (ahad), A-3092, cf. Zeno-146486, extremely rare date for Lahore; Lahore was lost to the Mughals later during his year one (1747/48), regained by Ahmad Shah during his year 6, XF, RRR.

DURRANI: Ahmad Shah, 1747-1772, AR nazarana mithqal (3.63g), Shahjahanabad (Delhi), AH1173 year 14, A-3092D, Whitehead, standard obverse as type #3092, same reverse die as the 3 known of the exceedingly rare version with the name ahmad in a circle at the obverse center (cf. Zeno-142386); slightly clipped and holed, unpublished and unique! Fine, RRRR. There are 3 known examples of the nazarana mithqal of Shahjahanabad, all from the same pair of dies, without the hijri date but always with the regnal year 14. This piece has a totally different obverse design and is dated AH1173, and is struck from the same reverse die as the other three, and also with the border of leaves on both sides.

DURRANI: Taimur Shah, 1772-1793, AV mohur, Ahmadshahi (= Qandahar), DM, A-3099, KM-125, with mint epithet Ashraf al-Bilad; strong strike, ANACS graded AU50.

DURRANI: Taimur Shah, 1772-1793, AV mohur, Ahmadshahi (= Qandahar), DM, A-3099, KM-125, with mint epithet Ashraf al-Bilad; lovely bold strike, ANACS graded AU50.

DURRANI: Taimur Shah, 1772-1793, AV mohur, Herat, AH1216, A-3099M, actually an issue of the upcoming Mahmud Shah when in opposition to Shah Zaman, who ruled AH1207-1216; struck during the very briefly between the ousting of Zaman, who dies in exile in 1261/1845, and the coronation of Mahmud later in 1216; unique and unpublished (incorrently assigned on the slab to Zaman Shah), NGC graded AU50, RRRR. The Herat silver rupees struck posthumous in the name of Taimur were struck AH1208-1212 and briefly in 1216 (RRR). The gold dinars have been published for 1208-1209, and this seems to be first known example dated 1216. There are none on CoinArchives or Zeno, and none in the standard publications.

DURRANI: Ayyub Shah, 1817-1829, AR rupee (10.59g), Peshawar, AH(12)46 year 12, A-3135C, type struck only in AH1245-1246, always within his regnal year 12, XF-AU, RR.

DURRANI: Shah Shuja', 5th reign, 1839-1842, AR 1/2 rupee (4.38g), Ahmadshahi, AH(12)55, A-3146, Zeno-46484 (4.5g), extremely rare denomination, struck only at Ahmadshahi for Shah Shuja', strong VF, RRR. The half rupee of Shah Shuja' is extremely rare, none on CoinArchives and just one on Zeno (with full date AH1255).

CIVIC COPPER: AE falus (6.22g), Tashqurghan, AH1299, A-3268, very rare mint in northern Afghanistan, in operation very briefly circa AH1299-1301 only for copper coins; ornate flower obverse, choice VF, RR. So far, only AH1300 & 1301 have been reported; there are no examples dated 1299 on CoinArchives, acsearch, or Zeno.

MAHARASTHIS: Shiva Mahahaathi, ca. 200-250 AD, AE broad unit (5.92g), Pieper-, elephant left, nandipada, srivatsa and swastika above // 6-arch hill, nandipada above, yupa left and palm tree right, river below, all within a rectangular border, VF, RRR.

PAURAVA (Punjab area): Mahindramitra, ca. 1st century BC, AE round unit (4.30g), Pieper-1386; Zeno 219344 (this piece), lion seated right, cobra to right, parasol above, river below, traces of Brahmi legend above // railed tree, Indradhvaja and one Kharosthi character to left; superb example for this extremely rare type, bold VF, RRR. A similar piece was sold in our Auction 51, lot 535.

SARABHAPURIYAS OF KOSALA: Prasannamitra, ca. 525-550, AV thick bracteate, Pieper-3719, Garuda flanked by conch and chakra, above are sun and moon, Brahmi legend sri prasannamatra, vase (kalasa) at the bottom; bold strike, PCGS graded EF40.

SARABHAPURIYAS OF KOSALA: Prasannamitra, ca. 550-530, AV bracteate (1.31g), cf. Pieper-3719, Garuda flanked by conch and chakra, above are sun and moon, Brahmi legend sri prasannamatra, vase (kalasa) at the bottom, XF, RR.

SARABHAPURIYAS OF KOSALA: Prasannamitra, ca. 550-530, AV bracteate (1.31g), cf. Pieper-3719, Garuda flanked by conch and chakra, above are sun and moon, Brahmi legend sri prasannamatra, vase (kalasa) at the bottom, XF, RR.

SARABHAPURIYAS OF KOSALA: Prasannamitra, ca. 550-530, AV bracteate (1.27g), cf. Pieper-3719, Garuda flanked by conch and chakra, above are sun and moon, Brahmi legend sri prasannamatra, vase (kalasa) at the bottom, XF, RR.

SARABHAPURIYAS OF KOSALA: Prasannamitra, ca. 550-530, AV bracteate (1.29g), cf. Pieper-3719, Garuda flanked by conch and chakra, above are sun and moon, Brahmi legend sri prasannamatra, vase (kalasa) at the bottom, XF, RR.

SARABHAPURIYAS OF KOSALA: Prasannamitra, ca. 550-530, AV bracteate (1.33g), cf. Pieper-3719, Garuda flanked by conch and chakra, above are sun and moon, Brahmi legend sri prasannamatra, vase (kalasa) at the bottom, XF, RR.

SARABHAPURIYAS OF KOSALA: Prasannamitra, ca. 550-530, AV bracteate (1.31g), cf. Pieper-3719, Garuda flanked by conch and chakra, above are sun and moon, Brahmi legend sri prasannamatra, vase (kalasa) at the bottom, VF-XF, RR.

SARABHAPURIYAS OF KOSALA: Prasannamitra, ca. 550-530, AV bracteate (1.29g), cf. Pieper-3719, Garuda flanked by conch and chakra, above are sun and moon, Brahmi legend sri prasannamatra, vase (kalasa) at the bottom, VF-XF, RR.

SARABHAPURIYAS OF KOSALA: Prasannamitra, ca. 550-530, AV bracteate (1.31g), cf. Pieper-3719, Garuda flanked by conch and chakra, above are sun and moon, Brahmi legend sri prasannamatra, vase (kalasa) at the bottom, VF-XF, RR.

SARABHAPURIYAS OF KOSALA: Prasannamitra, ca. 550-530, AV bracteate (1.31g), cf. Pieper-3719, Garuda flanked by conch and chakra, above are sun and moon, Brahmi legend sri prasannamatra, vase (kalasa) at the bottom, VF-XF, RR.

SIND: Sri Jayakata, ca. 600, AV stater (6.09g), King's bust right, derived from the image of the Sasanian Varhran V (420-438), Brahmi sri jayataka to right // local style of the traditional Sasanian fire altar & two attendants, traces of star & crescent above, F-VF, RRR. This appears to be the 3rd reported example (first published by Fishman, Todd & Pieper in Numismatische Zeitschrift, vol. 127, in 2021).

KUSHAN: Kanishka I, 127-151, AV dinar (7.39g), G-57, king standing, facing left, holding spear with his left hand and offering sacrifice over altar with his right hand, royal legend around // deity Lrooaspo (Drvaspa) standing, diademed and bearded, offering diademe, caparisoned horse behind, his name LPOOACP to the right, strong Fine, RRR, ex Syed Rabbi Collection. The deity Lrooaspo has been tentatively identified as Drvaspa, the Avestan deity associated with the protection of animal health, as the "guardian of the health of the beasts". There are only two on CoinArchives, one offered in 2010 (same reverse die) and the second in 2024 (same dies both sides).

KUSHAN: Huvishka, 151-190, AV dinar (7.77g), G-244, crowned half bust of Huvishka, crowned, halo around his head, holding spear and mace // deity Oanindo, the goddess of victory, standing, holding a trophy over her shoulder and offering a diadem with her right arm, the name OANINDO left of Oanindo (with the second letter N behind her extended arm); removed from a decorative object, VF, RRR, ex Syed Rabbi Collection. Oanindo's dinars normally have her name along the rim, either to the right or left, or alongside her body (as on this piece). Only 4 examples cited on CoinArchives, none with her name located as on this piece.

KUSHAN: Huvishka, 151-190, AV dinar (7.80g), G-286, Mitch-3196, crowned, diademed, and nimbate half-length bust left, holding mace and spear // Ardoksho standing right, holding cornucopia, tamgha to right, APDOXÞO to left; mount removed (minimal damage), VF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

KUSHAN: Vasishka, ca. 247-267, AV dinar (7.68g), Mitch-3551/56, king standing, offering sacrifice, holding trident // Ardoksho enthroned; with the "Chhu" symbol right on the obverse, F-VF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

KUSHAN: Vasishka, ca. 247-267, AV dinar (7.70g), Zeno-22548, king standing, offering sacrifice, holding trident // Ardoksho enthroned, VF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

KUSHAN: Vasudeva II, ca. 267-300, AV dinar (7.91g), Mitch-3537/39, king standing, offering sacrifice, holding trident // Siva and the bull Nandi, VF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

KIDARITE: Sri Tujina I, ca. 7th century AD, debased AV dinar (7.33g), Cribb 2016, Fig. 6, Kushan style king standing, holding filleted trisul in his left hand and offering sacrifice over the altar with his right hand, Brahmi legend sri tujina at the upper left // goddess Parvati, cross-legged, seated on simplified throne, holding a long stem lotus in left hand and holding another lotus in her right hand, Brahmi kidara at the left and jaya right; published by Cunningham in 1894 but incorrected assigned to the Kashmir ruler Toramana, who ruled circa 540-570, XF, RRRR. This type has been found only in the Kashmir region, where it was presumably produced.

KIDARITE: Vigrahatunga, 7th/8th century, debased AV dinar (7.40g), Mitch-3650, highly stylized king standing left, legend kidara beneath arm // abstract Ardoksho seated facing, sri vigraha / tunga in Brahmi, VF-XF. Average gold standard about 19% according to Deyell's research.

KIDARITE: Vigrahatunga, 7th/8th century, debased AV dinar (7.65g), Mitch-3650, highly stylized king standing left, legend kidara beneath arm // abstract Ardoksho seated facing, sri vigraha / tunga in Brahmi, VF-XF. Average gold standard about 19% according to Deyell's research.

KIDARITE: Vigrahatunga, 7th/8th century, debased AV dinar (7.65g), Mitch-3650, highly stylized king standing left, legend kidara beneath arm // abstract Ardoksho seated facing, sri vigraha / tunga in Brahmi, VF-XF. Average gold standard about 19% according to Deyell's research.

KIDARITE: Vigrahatunga, 7th/8th century, debased AV dinar (7.44g), Mitch-3650, highly stylized king standing left, legend kidara beneath arm // abstract Ardoksho seated facing, sri vigraha / tunga in Brahmi, bold VF. Average gold standard about 19% according to Deyell's research.

KIDARITE: Vinayaditya, ca. 776-807, debased AV dinar (7.64g), Mitch-3656/60, highly stylized king standing left // abstract Ardoksho seated facing, sri vinaya / ditya in Brahmi, XF. Average gold standard about 17% according to Deyell's research.

KIDARITE: Vinayaditya, ca. 776-807, debased AV dinar (7.58g), Mitch-3656/60, highly stylized king standing left // abstract Ardoksho seated facing, sri vinaya / ditya in Brahmi, VF-XF. Average gold standard about 17% according to Deyell's research.

GUPTA: Chandragupta I, 319-343, AV dinar (stater) (7.86g), Kumar class IIIA, king standing, facing right, holding bow and arrow, shooting the lion at the right, his foot not standing on the lion // Lakshmi enthroned, seated on a lion facing left, holding diadem and lotus flower, XF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

GUPTA: Chandragupta I, 319-343, AV dinar (stater) (8.39g), Kumar class IA, king Chandragupta left and the queen Kumaradevi right, both standing and facing one another // Lakshmi enthroned, seated on a lion racing right, traces of the back of the throne visible, Brahmi legent lichchhavaya at the right, gold loop attached (hence the higher weight), XF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

GUPTA: Chandragupta I, 319-343, AV dinar (stater) (7.72g), Kumar class IA, king Chandragupta left and the queen Kumaradevi right, both standing and facing one another // Lakshmi enthroned, seated on a lion racing right, traces of the back of the throne visible, Brahmi legend lichchhavaya at the right, VF-XF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

GUPTA: Chandragupta II, 383-412, AV dinar (stater) (8.00g), Mitch-4796-4807, Archer type, king standing left, holding arrow and grounded bow, Garuda standard to left, chandra in Brahmi to inner right // Lakshmi seated facing on lotus throne, holding diadem and lotus stalk, tamgha to upper left, sri vikrama to right, XF.

GUPTA: Chandragupta II, 383-412, AR dinar (8.89g), Mitch-4796-4807, Archer type: king standing, nimbate, holding arrow & bow, Garuda standard to left // Lakshmi, nimbate, seated on lotus, holding diadem & stylized cornucopia, legend sri vikrama to right, partly double-struck, VF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

GUPTA: Kumaragupta I, 409-450/52, AV dinar (stater) (8.15g), Kumar class III, variety A, Horseman type: Kumaragupta, nimbate, riding horse to right, without any weapons // Lakshmi seated left on wicker stool, holding noose and feeding twig to a peacock at left, with legend ajitamahendrah, XF, R.

GUPTA: Skandagupta, 449-467, AV dinar (stater) (8.93g), Kumar-854/859, King & Lakshmi type: at the left, bare-chested king standing, facing right, holding arrow in his akimbo right hand, bow in his left hand, and at the right, Lakshmi standing, wearing a sari, holding a lotus in her left hand, her right hand raised, pointed to Garuda who is pictured atop the staff between the king and Lakshmi // Lakhsmi seated on the lotus, cross-legged, holding a diadem in her right hand, the legend sri skandaguptah to the right; one of the finest examples of this extremely rare type, choice XF, RRR, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

CEYLON (MEDIEVAL): Vijaya Bahu I, ca. 1055-1110, EL kahavanu (4.24g), Mitch-831, king reclining and holding sankh shell, sri / vija- / ya ba- / hu to right // king standing and holding lotus, various symbols in field, light scratches on both sides, accompanied by collector's information card, Choice VF, ex Anton Holt Collection.

ALUPAS OF SOUTH KANADA: Anonymous, ca. 14th century, debased AV pagoda (3.16g), Mitch-MNI-671 var, Karnataka 8-9, two stylized vertical fish below stylized canopy, conch to left, ankus (goad) to right / Devanagari sri pa/ndya dhana/jaya in three lines, XF-AU, R.

CHALUKYAS: Jagadekamalla II, 1138-1151, AV pagoda (3.42g), Mitch-KA page 137, punched boar, lotus (x4), sri (x2), and name gaja for Jagadekamalla, one punch on reverse, XF-AU, RR.

CHALUKYAS OF KALYANA: Somesvara, ca. 1181-1189, AV pagoda (3.54g), Mitch-283/85, Chattopadhyaya-118/20, Garuda running to the right // Kannada legend, XF.

CHALUKYAS OF KALYANA: Somesvara, ca. 1181-1189, AV pagoda (3.56g), Mitch-283/85, Chattopadhyaya-118/20, Garuda running to the right // Kannada legend, XF.

CHALUKYAS OF KALYANA: Somesvara, ca. 1181-1189, AV pagoda (3.53g), Mitch-283/85, Chattopadhyaya-118/20, Garuda running to the right // Kannada legend, XF.

CHALUKYAS OF KALYANA: Somesvara, ca. 1181-1189, AV pagoda (3.54g), Mitch-283/85, Chattopadhyaya-118/20, Garuda running to the right // Kannada legend, XF.

CHALUKYAS OF KALYANA: Somesvara, ca. 1181-1189, AV pagoda (3.53g), Mitch-283/85, Chattopadhyaya-118/20, Garuda running to the right // Kannada legend, XF.

CHALUKYAS OF KALYANA: Somesvara, ca. 1181-1189, AV pagoda (3.56g), Mitch-283/85, Chattopadhyaya-118/20, Garuda running to the right // Kannada legend, XF.

CHALUKYAS OF KALYANA: Somesvara, ca. 1181-1189, AV pagoda (3.54g), Mitch-283/85, Chattopadhyaya-118/20, Garuda running to the right // Kannada legend, XF.

CHALUKYAS OF KALYANA: Somesvara, ca. 1181-1189, AV pagoda (3.56g), Mitch-283/85, Chattopadhyaya-118/20, Garuda running to the right // Kannada legend, XF.

CHALUKYAS OF KALYANA: Somesvara, ca. 1181-1189, AV pagoda (3.56g), Mitch-283/85, Chattopadhyaya-118/20, Garuda running to the right // Kannada legend, XF.

CHALUKYAS OF KALYANA: Somesvara, ca. 1181-1189, AV pagoda (3.54g), Mitch-283/85, Chattopadhyaya-118/20, Garuda running to the right // Kannada legend, XF.

CHALUKYAS OF KALYANA: Somesvara, ca. 1181-1189, AV pagoda (3.54g), Mitch-283/85, Chattopadhyaya-118/20, Garuda running to the right // Kannada legend, XF.

CHALUKYAS OF KALYANA: Somesvara, ca. 1181-1189, AV pagoda (3.54g), Mitch-283/85, Chattopadhyaya-118/20, Garuda running to the right // Kannada legend, VF-XF.

CHALUKYAS OF KALYANA: Somesvara, ca. 1181-1189, AV pagoda (3.50g), Mitch-283/85, Chattopadhyaya-118/20, Garuda running to the right // Kannada legend, VF-XF.

CHALUKYAS OF KALYANA: Somesvara, ca. 1181-1189, AV pagoda (3.54g), Mitch-283/85, cf. Chattopadhyaya-118/20 for the basic type, Garuda running to the right // traces of the usual Kannada legend, appears to be a later local imitation, uncertain fineness, F-VF.

CHANDELLAS OF JEJAKABHUKTI: Madana Varman, ca. 1129-1163, AV 1-1/8 massa (1.03g), De-142, seated Lakshmi facing / Devanagari legend srima madana varmma devah, XF, RR.

CHANDELLAS OF BUNDELKHAND: Trailokya Varman, 1203-1245, AV 4-1/2 masha (4.15g), De-, cf. Deyell, page 95, for this ruler, Lakshmi seated // 3-line Nagari legend sri mat-trai / lokya va / mma deva, somewhat debased gold, VF-XF, RRR. Only two correctly identified examples are filed on CoinArchives, both of inferior quality.

CHANDELLAS OF BUNDELKHAND: Trailokya Varman, 1203-1245, AV 1-1/8 masha (0.98g), De-, cf. Deyell, page 95, for this ruler, Lakshmi seated // 3-line Nagari legend sri mat-trai / lokya va / mma deva, somewhat debased gold, VF, RRR. Only one correctly identified examples are filed on CoinArchives, poor quality.

CHITALDURG: Anonymous, ca. 17th-18th century, AV pagoda (3.34g), Mitch-881/82, durga seated, facing, wearing turreted headdress // Devanagari script sri pratapa krishnaraya, XF.

CHITALDURG: Anonymous, ca. 17th-18th century, AV pagoda (3.48g), Mitch-881/82, durga seated, facing, wearing turreted headdress // Devanagari script sri pratapa krishnaraya, early issue of the finest style, choice XF.

CHITALDURG: Anonymous, ca. 17th-18th century, AV pagoda (3.36g), Mitch-881/82, durga seated, facing, wearing turreted headdress // Devanagari legend derived from the Vijayanagar Krishna Raya, VF-XF.

CHITALDURG: Anonymous, ca. 17th-18th century, AV pagoda (3.34g), Mitch-881/82, durga seated, facing, wearing turreted headdress // Devanagari script sri pratapa krishnaraya, VF-XF.

GAHADAVALAS OF KANAUJ: Govinda Chandra, ca. 1114-1154, AV 4-1/2 masha (4.03g), De-145, Lakshmi seated, cross-legged // legend srimat govinda chandra deva, VF-XF.

GAHADAVALAS OF KANAUJ: Govinda Chandra, ca. 1114-1154, AV 4-1/2 masha (4.33g), De-145, Lakshmi seated, cross-legged // legend srimat govinda chandra deva, VF-XF.

GAHADAVALAS OF KANAUJ: Govinda Chandra, ca. 1114-1154, AV 4-1/2 masha (4.03g), De-145, Lakshmi seated, cross-legged // legend srimat govinda chandra deva, VF-XF.

KADAMBAS OF GOA: Jayakeshi III, ca. 1187-1216, AV pagoda, Samvatsara Prajapati (1212 AD), cf. Chattopadhyaya-142ff (for type, unpublished date), lion standing left, raising right front leg, sun to right, cyclical date prajapati in Nagari to left // sri saptako- / tisha labdhavara vi- / ra jayakesi / deva malava ramari, very rare date, lovely golden luster, ANACS graded MS62.

KADAMBAS OF HANGAL: Toyimadeva, fl. 1065, AV pagoda (varaha) (4.19g), Mitch-225/27, Ganesh & Girijapathy-3, lion advancing right with its head turned back, raising left paw, dot within curvature of tail, stylized name toyi in Devanagari in exergue // scroll within decorative border; superb obverse, reverse partly double-struck, AU.

KALACHURIS OF TRIPURI: Gangeya Deva, ca. 1015-1040, AV 4-1/2 masha (4.33g), De-119, seated deity Lakshmi // 3-line royal legend, XF.

KALACHURIS OF TRIPURI: Gangeya Deva, ca. 1015-1040, AV 4-1/2 masha (4.20g), De-119, seated deity Lakshmi // 3-line royal legend, VF-XF.

KALACHURIS OF TRIPURI: Gangeya Deva, ca. 1015-1040, AV 4-1/2 masha (4.08g), De-119, seated deity Lakshmi // 3-line royal legend; some weakness of strike, VF.

KALACHURIS OF TRIPURI: Gangeya Deva, ca. 1015-1040, AV 2-1/4 masha (1.83g), De-119, seated deity Lakshmi // 3-line royal legend, very rare denomination for this ruler, attractive VF, RR.

NELLORE: Bhujabala, 13th century, AV pagoda (3.46g), Mitch-KA-311/13, central lion, lion (x4), sri (x2), moon-scepter-sun, and name of Bhujabala, XF.

NELLORE: Bhujabala, 13th century, AV pagoda (3.41g), Mitch-KA-311/13, central lion, lion (x4), sri (x2), moon-scepter-sun, and name of Bhujabala, XF.

NELLORE: Bhujabala, 13th century, AV pagoda (3.51g), Mitch-KA-311/13, central lion, lion (x4), sri (x2), moon-scepter-sun, and name of Bhujabala, XF.

NELLORE: Bhujabala, 13th century, AV pagoda (3.47g), Mitch-KA-311/13, central lion, lion (x4), sri (x2), moon-scepter-sun, and name of Bhujabala, XF.

NELLORE: Bhujabala, 13th century, AV pagoda (3.50g), Mitch-KA-311/13, central lion, lion (x4), sri (x2), moon-scepter-sun, and name of Bhujabala, XF.

NELLORE: Bhujabala, 13th century, AV pagoda (3.47g), Mitch-KA-311/13, central lion, lion (x4), sri (x2), moon-scepter-sun, and name of Bhujabala, debased gold, VF-XF.

NELLORE: Telegu Chodas, 13th century, AV pagoda (3.86g), Mitch-685, punchmarked sun & moon, sri (2x), lion (5x), and the name of Bhujabala in either Telegu or Tamil script, blank reverse, choice XF.

NELLORE: Unknown ruler, 13th century, AV pagoda (3.50g), Mitch-, central lion, lion (x4), sri (x2), moon-scepter-sun, and name tentatively read as manuma but that is uncertain, XF, RR.

SAMATATA: Anonymous, ca. 450-500, AV dinar (6.60g), ECB-SAM.1A1, Kushan based design: king standing, derived from the standard obverse of Kanishka I // deity Ardoksho standing, holding lotus flower; totally debased Bactrian legends on both sides, bold VF-XF, RR, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

SAMATATA: Anonymous, ca. 500-550, AV dinar (5.87g), ECB-SAM.3.2, Rata dynasty: king standing, holding arrow in right hand and bow in left hand, standard with conch shell to left, no legend // stylized female figure, stylized "legend" to right; fine gold; superb strike, XF-AU, R, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

SAMATATA: Anonymous, ca. 500-550, AV dinar (6.07g), ECB-SAM.3.5, Rata dynasty: king standing, holding arrow in right hand and bow in left hand, standard with conch shell to left, no legend // stylized female figure, stylized "legend" to right, all within a circle; fine gold; excellent strike, lovely XF, R, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

SAMATATA: Anonymous, ca. 500-550, AV dinar (5.88g), ECB-SAM.3.5, Rata dynasty: king standing, holding arrow in right hand and bow in left hand, standard with conch shell to left, no legend // stylized female figure, stylized "legend" to right, all within a circle, extra "curlicue" right of the king's head; fine gold; decent strike, lovely XF, R, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

SAMATATA: Anonymous, ca. 500-550, AV dinar (5.63g), ECB-SAM.3.2, Rata dynasty: king standing, holding arrow in right hand and bow in left hand, standard with conch shell to left, no legend // stylized female figure, stylized "legend" to right; fine gold; excellent strike, XF-AU, R, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

SAMATATA: Anonymous, 5th century or later, AV dinar (6.34g), crude imitation of ECB-SAM.1E2, coarsely engraved debased Kushan or Gupta base, likely a jeweler's copy of unknown production; removed from jewelry or other object; gold fineness unknown, likely less than 60%, very crude VF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

SAMATATA: Vira Chandra, ca. 574-577, AV dinar (5.83g), ECB-SAM.9.1, king standing, holding arrow in right hand and bow in left hand, standard to left, sri upper left, ruler's name in 4 tiny characters below left arm // stylized female figure, meaningless "legend" to right; decent strike, choice XF, RR, ex Syed Rabbi Collection. D.C. Sincar has tentatively assigned this name to Virachandra of Arakan.

SASANKA DYNASTY: Sasanka, ca. 600-630, slightly debased AV dinar (9.09g), ECB-SAM.10.1, Abhishekha type: Siva, nimbate, seated facing on recumbent bull facing left, Brahmi vijaya below (mostly off flan) // goddess Lakshmi seated, cross-legged, on lotus, holding a lotus flower, with 2 elephants pouring water over her head, legends sri shashanka to the right, choice VF, RR, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

SASANKA DYNASTY: Sasanka, ca. 600-630, debased AV dinar (8.58g), ECB-SAM.10.1, Abhishekha type: Siva, nimbate, seated facing on recumbent bull facing left, Brahmi vijaya below (off flan) // goddess Lakshmi seated, cross-legged, on lotus, holding a lotus flower, with 2 elephants pouring water over her head, legends sri shashanka to the right; slight porosity on the reverse, VF, RR, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

SAMATATA: Rata dynasty, Sridharana, ca. 663-675, AV dinar (5.70g), ECB-SAM.15.4, king standing, arrow to left and bow to right, standard to left, sri upper left, Brahmi sri dha below his left arm, letter vi beneath flames between his legs // standard stylized female figure as usual, choice XF, RR, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

SAMATATA: Rata dynasty, Sridharana, ca. 663-675, AV dinar (5.62g), Mitch-BLA-67, ECB-SAM.15, king standing left, holding arrow in right hand and bow in left hand, sri above right arm and below left arm // goddess standing right, attractive strike, Choice XF.

SAMATATA: Rata dynasty, Sridharana, ca. 663-675, AV dinar (5.59g), Mitch-BLA-67, ECB-SAM.15, king standing left, holding arrow in right hand and bow in left hand, sri above right arm and below left arm // goddess standing right, small cud at obverse 12h, Choice XF.

SAMATATA: Rata dynasty, Sridharana, ca. 663-675, pale AV dinar (4.22g), ECB-SAM.15 type, king standing, arrow to left and bow to right, standard to left, sri upper left, Brahmi sri dha below his left arm // standard stylized female figure as usual; rather crude style, contemporary imitation in debased gold, VF, RR, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

SAMATATA: Rata dynasty, Sridharana, ca. 664-675, AV dinar (5.17g), ECB-SAM.15, king standing, holding arrow in right hand and arrow in left hand, stylized sankha sell to left, name sri inscribed twice // stylized female figure; late style, XF, R.

SAMATATA: Khadga dynasty, Rajabhata, ca. 675-680, slightly debased AV dinar (5.65g), ECB-SAM.16.1, king standing, arrow to left and bow to right, standard to left, sri upper left, Brahmi rajabhata below his left arm, no symbols between his legs // stylized female figure as usual, AU, R, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

SAMATATA: Khadga dynasty, Rajabhata, ca. 675-680, slightly debased AV dinar (5.56g), ECB-SAM.16.2, king standing, arrow to left and bow to right, standard to left, sri upper left, Brahmi va and flames below his left arm, no symbols between his legs // stylized female figure as usual, AU, R, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

SAMATATA: Khadga dynasty, Rajabhata, ca. 675-680, debased AV dinar (5.38g), Mitch-BLA-71, ECB-SAM.16, king standing left, holding arrow in right hand and bow in left hand, stylized rajabhata below left arm // goddess standing right, struck in electrum (silver-gold alloy), light deposits and removal scratches, XF, RR.

SAMATATA: Khadga dynasty, Prithubhata, ca. 695-700, AV dinar (5.57g), Mitch-BLA-75, ECB-SAM.19, king standing left, holding arrow in right hand and bow in left hand, prithubhata below left arm // goddess standing right, struck in gold somewhat debased with silver, attractive strike, XF.

SOUTH INDIA: Unknown issuer, ca. 12th/13th century, punchmarked AV broad gadyana, various punchmarks: 4-petal lower in center, two sri symbols towards the center, 12 outer punches, including one with a snake; unidentified, VF-XF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

VIJAYANAGAR: Bukka I, 1354-1377, AV pagoda (3.34g), Zeno-254497, Hanuman (or warrior) running right // Kannada legend sri vi / ra buka / raya, XF, RR.

VIJAYANAGAR: Hari Hara II, 1377-1404, AV 1/2 pagoda (1.72g), Mitch-414, Vishnu & Lakshmi seated, Vishnu holding conch & discus, XF.

VIJAYANAGAR: Hari Hara II, 1377-1404, AV 1/2 pagoda (1.72g), Mitch-414, Vishnu & Lakshmi seated, Vishnu holding conch & discus, XF.

VIJAYANAGAR: Hari Hara II, 1377-1404, AV 1/2 pagoda (1.71g), Mitch-412, Siva & Parvati seated, Siva holding trident & damaru, XF.

VIJAYANAGAR: Hari Hara II, 1377-1404, AV 1/2 pagoda (1.7g), Mitch-412, Siva & Parvati seated, Siva holding trident & damaru, XF.

VIJAYANAGAR: Hari Hara II, 1377-1404, AV 1/2 pagoda (1.7g), Mitch-412, Siva & Parvati seated, Siva holding trident & damaru, XF.

VIJAYANAGAR: Hari Hara II, 1377-1404, AV 1/2 pagoda (1.72g), Mitch-414, Vishnu & Lakshmi seated, Vishnu holding conch & discus, VF-XF.

VIJAYANAGAR: Hari Hara II, 1377-1404, AV 1/2 pagoda (1.71g), Mitch-414, Vishnu & Lakshmi seated, Vishnu holding conch & discus, VF-XF.

VIJAYANAGAR: Hari Hara II, 1377-1404, AV 1/2 pagoda (1.71g), Mitch-414, Vishnu & Lakshmi seated, Vishnu holding conch & discus, VF-XF.

VIJAYANAGAR: Hari Hara II, 1377-1404, AV 1/2 pagoda (1.68g), Mitch-414, Vishnu & Lakshmi seated, Vishnu holding conch & discus, strong VF.

VIJAYANAGAR: Hari Hara II, 1377-1404, AV 1/2 pagoda (1.69g), Mitch-414, Vishnu & Lakshmi seated, Vishnu holding conch & discus, strong VF.

VIJAYANAGAR: Hari Hara II, 1377-1404, AV 1/2 pagoda (1.60g), Mitch-414, Vishnu & Lakshmi seated, Vishnu holding conch & discus; later imitation, VF.

VIJAYANAGAR: Devaraja I, 1406-1422, AV pagoda (3.41g), Mitch-450, Zeno-254630, Siva & Parvati seated, Siva holding antelope head & damaru, later issue, with stylized version of the Devanagari calligraphy naming Devaraja, XF.

VIJAYANAGAR: Devaraja I, 1406-1422, AV 1/2 pagoda (1.72g), Mitch-, Zeno-254628, Siva & Parvati seated, Siva holding antelope head & damaru, XF. Also struck without type change by Devaraya II (1423-1446).

VIJAYANAGAR: Devaraja I, 1406-1422 and later, AV 1/2 pagoda (1.68g), Mitch-, Zeno-254628, Siva & Parvati seated, Siva holding antelope head & damaru; later imitation, late 15th or 16th century, struck from a broken obverse die, XF-AU.

VIJAYANAGAR: Devaraja I, 1406-1422, AV 1/2 pagoda (1.67g), Mitch-, Zeno-254628, Siva & Parvati seated, Siva holding antelope head & damaru, XF. Also struck without type change by Devaraya II (1423-1446).

VIJAYANAGAR: Devaraja I, 1406-1422, AV pagoda (3.41g), Mitch-450, Zeno-254630, Siva & Parvati seated, Siva holding antelope head & damaru, VF-XF. Also struck without type change by Devaraya II (1423-1446).

VIJAYANAGAR: Devaraja I, 1406-1422, AV pagoda (3.39g), Mitch-450, Zeno-254630, Siva & Parvati seated, Siva holding antelope head & damaru; fine style, choice VF-XF. Also struck without type change by Devaraya II (1423-1446).

VIJAYANAGAR: Devaraja I, 1406-1422, AV pagoda (3.41g), Mitch-450, Zeno-254630, Siva & Parvati seated, Siva holding antelope head & damaru; probably a later imitation, VF-XF. Also struck without type change by Devaraya II (1423-1446).

VIJAYANAGAR: Krishna Deva Raja, 1509-1529, AR 1/2 pagoda (1.71g), Mitch-MSI-641/644, Balakrishna seated, discus to left, conch to right, seven pellets below; finest style, presumably struck during Krishna's lifetime, NGC graded MS64.

VIJAYANAGAR: Achyutadevaraya, 1530-1542, AV 1/2 pagoda (1.70g), Mitch-673, Gandabherunda (2-headed eagle) facing, holding an elephant in each beak and each foot // Devanagari legend; later crudely struck imitation, XF.

VIJAYANAGAR: Achyutaraya, 1530-1541, AV 1/2 pagoda (1.68g), Mitch-KA-673, Gandabherunda (double-headed eagle) walking left, holding elephant in each beak and each talon // sri pra/tapa chutya/raya in Devanagari, F-VF, R.

VIJAYANAGAR: Ventakapiraya, ca. 1630-1641, AV 1/2 pagoda (1.70g), Venkateshwara standing under an arch // stylized Nagari legend; assigned by Mitchiner to the region of Chandragiri in Andhra Pradesh; bold strike, XF, R.

VIJAYANAGAR: Later Imitation, 16th/17th century, AV 1/2 pagoda (1.7g), two seated deities // 3-line Nagari legend (uncertain), choice XF.

WESTERN GANGAS: Anonymous, ca. 12th-13th century, AV pagoda (3.77g), Mitch-702, Fr-288, caparisoned elephant standing right // whirling floral decoration, a pleasant mint state example with superb strike on both sides! PCGS graded MS62.

WESTERN GANGAS: Anonymous, ca. 12th-13th century, AV pagoda (3.87g), Mitch-702, Fr-288, caparisoned elephant standing right // whirling floral decoration, a pleasant lustrous example, light scrape, PCGS graded Unc details.

YADAVAS OF DEVAGIRI: Bhillama V, ca. 1185-1193, AV pagoda (3.31g), Mitch- (page 139), Zeno-48562, lotus, sri x2, uncertain symbol x4, and the name of the ruler, VF-XF, RR.

YADAVAS OF DEVAGIRI: Ramachandra, ca. 1270-1313, AV pagoda (3.77g), Mitch-KA-289, punchmarks lotus, Kannada sri (x2), conch shell, and the ruler's name, XF.

TOMARAS OF GWALIOR: Virasimha Rama, ca. 1350-1400, AV pagoda (3.59g), De-153, deity Kubera seated cross-legged, holding a danda in right hand and a lotus in left // Nagari legend sri madveera / simha rama, XF-AU, RRRR. Deyell knew of only 1 specimen of this type, and only 1 more have appeared on CoinArchives, sold in India in January 2026.

YADAVAS OF TRIBHUVANAGIRI: Mahi Pala, ca. 1100, AV 4-1/2 masha (3.95g), De-151, Lakshmi seated, cross-legged // legend sriman mahi pala deva, VF-XF, RR.

YADAVAS OF TRIBHUVANAGIRI: Mahi Pala, ca. 1100, AV 4-1/2 masha (3.96g), De-151, Lakshmi seated, cross-legged // legend sriman mahi pala deva, VF, RR.

YADAVAS OF TRIBHUVANAGIRI: Mani Pala, ca. 1100, AV 4-1/2 masha (4.15g), De-151, Lakshmi seated, cross-legged // legend sriman mahi pala deva, XF.

BENGAL: Iltutmish, 1st period, 1217-1220, AR horseman tanka (10.78g), Gaur (or Lakur), AH61x, G-B20, actually an issue of Ghiyath al-Din 'Iwad, but solely in the name of Iltutmish, with the mint formula darb / bi-gaur (also read as darb / lakur, where Lakur is considered an earlier version of the name of Gaur), with "darb" above the horse, "bi-gaur" inverted below the horse, wonderful VF, RRR, ex Syed Rabbi Collection. Goron lists two versions of this type, type B19 with "al-sultan al-mu'azzam" at the top of the reverse and B20 with only "al-sultan" in the top line. There are only two examples of this type on CoinArchives, both type B19.

BENGAL: Ikhtiyar al-Din Ghazi Shah, in East Bengal, 1349-1352, AR tanka (10.90g), Hadrat Jalal Sunargaon, AH750, G-B138, ruler cited as al-sultan al-a'zam / ikhtiyar al-dunya wa'l-din / abu'l-muzaffar ghazishah / al-sultan ibn al-sultan, with his name ghazi shah written as a single word, rare, no testmarks, VF-XF.

BENGAL: Ikhtiyar al-Din Ghazi Shah, in East Bengal, 1349-1352, AR tanka (10.89g), Hadrat Jalal Sunargaon, AH752, G-B138, ruler cited as al-sultan al-a'zam / ikhtiyar al-dunya wa'l-din / abu'l-muzaffar ghazishah / al-sultan ibn al-sultan, with his name ghazi shah written as a single word, rare, two testmarks on reverse, lightly toned with traces of original luster, Choice XF.

BENGAL: Nasir al-Din Mahmud, 1433-1459, AV tanka (10.7g), NM, ND, G-B404, mount removed, VF-XF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

BENGAL: 'Ala al-Din Husayn, 1493-1519, AV tanka (10.62g), Khazana, DM, G-B702, simple royal legend // kalima, with traces of the mint below, known dated AH899, VF-XF, RRR, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

BENGAL: Nusrat Shah, 1519-1531, AV tanka (10.68g), NM, ND, G-B798, removed from a decorative object (noticeable mostly on the edge), bold VF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

BENGAL: Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud, 1532-1538, AV cut-down tanka (3.97g), NM, ND, G-B891 type, cut-down from a full tanka that should weight about 10.7g, probably for use in jewelry or other decoration, VF-XF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

BIJAPUR: Anonymous, 17th century, AV pagoda, G-BJ47, totally anepigraphic, allegedly male and female symbols, NGC graded AU58.

DELHI: Muhammad II, 1296-1316, AV tanka (10.86g), NM, ND, G-, contemporary or early posthumous imitation, generally as type D220-D222, but reverse has 2nd part of the royal text partly in a square, fine gold, VF.

DELHI: Muhammad III b. Tughluq, 1325-1351, AV tanka (11.01g), Hadrat Delhi, AH733, G-D347, Arabic phrase wa Allah al-ghani wa antum al-fuqara ("God is the wealthy and you are the poor"), fabulous strike, superb XF-AU, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

DELHI: Muhammad III b. Tughluq, 1325-1351, AV tanka (10.58g), Delhi, AH741, G-D427, 1 tiny testmark on the obverse, lovely VF-XF.

DELHI: Muhammad III b. Tughluq, 1325-1351, AV tanka (11.02g), NM, AH[74]6, G-D440, in the sole name of the Egyptian Abbasid caliph al-Hakim, with the numeral "6" on the lower left of the reverse, bold VF.

DELHI: Muhammad III, 1325-1351, AV tanka (11.04g), NM, ND, G-D441, in the name of the Abbasid caliph al-Hakim Ahmad, pointed hexafoil borders, VF.

DELHI: Mubarakshah II, 1421-1434, AR tanka (11.17g), NM, AH837, G-D660, in his own name, XF, RR.

GUJARAT: Mahmud III, 1537-1553, AV tanka (11.99g), NM, AH948, G-G410, date in the lower obverse margin, choice XF-AU. From the accession of Mahmud III in 1537, the Gujarat gold tanka weight was about 12.00g until the end of the dynasty.

KASHMIR: Shams al-Din II, ca. 1537-1538, AR square sasnu (6.17g), Kashmir, AH842 (frozen), G-K92, well-centered strike, with only 2 very small testmarks, VF-XF, RR.

KULBARGA (BAHMANIDS): Muhammad I, 1359-1375, AV tanka (Ahsanabad), AH775, G-BH25, ruler cited with the addition title sultan al-'ahd wa'l-zaman, 3 small testmarks on the obverse, ANACS graded EF45.

KULBARGA (BAHMANIDS): Muhammad Shah III, 1378-1397, AV tanka (10.71g), blundered date, G-, contemporary or slightly later imitation, combining the obverse of type BH51 of Muhammad III (al-wathiq bi-ta'yid al-rahman abu'l-muzaffar muhammad shah sultan) with the type BH27 obverse of Muhammad I (abu'l-muzaffar muhammad shah bin bahman shah al-sultan), with blundered mint & date in both margins, VF, R.

KULBARGA (BAHMANIDS): Humayun, 1458-1461, AV mohur (10.86g), NM, AH864, G-BH95, clear date, one testmark, VF, R.

MALWA: Ghiyath al-Din, as heir apparent 1456-1469, AV tanka, Shadiabad, AH863, G-M50, date unknown to Goron, who cites the type only for AH861 and 862, ANACS graded AU50. Date incorrectly called 864 on the slab.

MALWA: Ghiyath al-Din, 1469-1500, AV tanka (10.90g), Shadiabad, AH874, G-M60, wonderful bold strike, VF-XF.

MALWA: Ghiyath al-Din, 1469-1500, AV tanka, Shadiabad, AH878, G-M62, clear mint & date, ANACS graded AU50.

MALWA: Ghiyath Shah, 1469-1500, AV square mohur (10.96g), NM, AH899, G-M67, one small testmark, type always without mint name, VF.

JAMS OF SIND: Jam Firuz Shah, 1508-1523, AE double falus (14.05g), NM, ND, G-, cf. Zeno-252360, citing Jam Firuz Shah on the obverse, his father Nizam Shah Sultan on the reverse, unpublished double falus denomination, VF, RRR. All copper coins of Jam Firuz on CoinArchives, acsearch, and Zeno are single falus in the range of 6.8g to about 8.0g plus one of 11.4g that should be type SJ4.

SIND: Kalha Deva, 12th century, BI jital (3.46g), Tye-36, bull left, Nagari sri kalha deva above, with Arabic sind on the bull's jhula (reasonably clear on this piece) // horseman advancing right, VF.

MUGHAL: Humayun, 1530-1556, AR shahrukhi (4.38g), Hadrat Delhi, AH(9)62 (in tiny numerals), Zeno-115540 (dated AH962), struck during his 2nd reign, 1554-1556: royal titles in the central area, muhammad humayun padshah ghazi, mint formula below // the kalima in the central circle, the Rashidun named in the margin, no testmarks, VG, RRR. Only 2 examples filed on CoinArchives, one undated (sold in our Auction 34, lot 2457) and one dated AH963; just one on Zeno, dated AH962.

MUGHAL: Humayun, 1530-1556, AR shahrukhi (4.68g), Lahore, AH946, type A-B2464, unusual type, with the royal legend iin the obverse center in the nasta'liq script, all other legends in the normal naskhi script of Humayun's coinage, bold mint & date, bold VF, RRR. There are several examples of Lahore AH946 on both CoinArchives and Zeno, but none with the nasta'liq legend anywhere on the coins.

MUGHAL: Akbar I, 1556-1605, AR 1/2 rupee (5.57g), Ahmadabad, AH982, KM-60.3, very rare denomination for this common mint, wonderful strike, XF, RRR.

MUGHAL: Akbar I, 1556-1605, AR square 1/2 rupee (5.66g) (Ahmadabad), AH989, KM-61.1, wonderful strike; this style and date was struck only at Ahmadabad, XF, R.

MUGHAL: Akbar I, 1556-1605, AR square 1/2 rupee, Ahmadabad, IE3x, KM-62.4, month of Azar, obverse legend just Allah akbar jalla jalallahu on obverse, NGC graded MS62, RR.

MUGHAL: Akbar I, 1556-1605, AV mohur (10.86g), Agra, year "8", KM-106.5, central panel with ruler's name & "8" for uncertain date // kalima in pointed hexafoil, XF.

MUGHAL: Akbar I, 1556-1605, AV tanka (10.80g), NM, AH983, early imitation of the Lahore mint type KM-106.4, dated AH983 but probably struck much later, late 16th or through the 17th century, VF, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

MUGHAL: Akbar I, 1556-1605, AV mohur, Ahmadabad, AH983, KM-108.2, elongated lozenge // plain square, pelleted borders around both fields, ANACS graded EF45.

MUGHAL: Selim Shah, 1605, AR 1/2 rupee (5.62g), Ahmadabad, ND, KM-133.2, month of Tir; Selim was the pre-accession name of Jahangir; nice strike, cleaned, fine scratches on edge, choice VF, RR NOTE: We incorrectly listed this a a full rupee in the printed auction catalog. The description and weight has been corrected above. -April 30, 2026

MUGHAL: Selim Shah, 1605, AR rupee (11.45g), Ahmadabad, year 2, KM-140.1, month of Farwardin; Selim was the pre-accession name of Jahangir; wonderful bold strike, some adhesions on reverse and on edge, XF.

MUGHAL: Jahangir, 1605-1628, AR rupee (11.43g), Agra, AH1037 year 22, KM-168.1, citing Nur Jahan, chief consort of Emperor Jahangir, a pleasing toned lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS62, ex Coin Galleries Auction 10 November 1987, Lot 1650 with original auction tag.

MUGHAL: Shah Jahan I, 1628-1658, AR rupee (11.39g), Ghoraghat (Goraghat), AH1037 year one (ahad), KM-222.20, Extremely rare mint, Hijri date in small numerals at lower left reverse rim, regnal year in words in tiny letters lower left of obverse; 4 small banker's marks on the edge, no testmarks, excellent well-centered strike, VF-XF, RRR, ex Syed Rabbi Collection. The Ghorahghat mint, situated on the west bank of the Karatoya River in present-day Dinajpur district of Bangladesh, served as an important military and administrative outpost during the Mughal era. It played a significant role in the Bengal campaigns under Emperor Akbar, notably in 982 AH (1574 AD) when General Majnun Khan Qaqshal was dispatched toward Ghorahghat in pursuit of the fleeing Afghan Sultan of Bengal, Daud Khan Karrani. The strategic location of Ghorahghat-at the southwestern frontier of the Koch kingdom-made it a critical gateway to Bihar and northern India. Upon his accession in AH 1037 (1628 AD), Emperor Shah Jahan replaced Fidai Khan (a governor under Jahangir) with Qasim Khan Juyini as Subahdar of Bengal. This minting likely reflects early administrative and military assertion in the region following Shah Jahan's coronation.

MUGHAL: Shah Jahan I, 1628-1658, AR rupee (11.40g), Akbarabad, AH1042 year 5, KM-, obverse as KM-227.2 with 4-line horizontal legend, reverse with central plain quatrefoil rather than the plain circle as on KM-227; date by the rim at 1:00 in the reverse margin; possibly unpublished variety, VF-XF, RRR. No Akbarabad rupees of this exact design for Akbarabad on CoinArchives or Zeno.

MUGHAL: Shah Jahan I, 1628-1658, AR rupee (11.33g), Aurangabad, AH1048 year 12, KM-235.6, extremely rare mint for Shah Jahan (common for Aurangzeb), known only dated year 12, XF, RRR. KM lists year 12 with Hijri year off flan, Zeno had AH1149 year 12 (1 pc), and this is the only one with clear date AH1148 and year 12. There are none on CoinArchives or acsearch.

MUGHAL: Murad Bakhsh, 1658, AR rupee, Surat, AH1068 year one (ahad), KM-271.1, bold strike, surely one of the finest examples of this mint, clear date below the mint name and clear regnal year at the bottom of the obverse, NGC graded MS62, RR.

MUGHAL: Murad Bakhsh, 1658, AR rupee (11.53g), Khambayat, AH1068 year one (ahad), A-272.2, rare mint for this ruler, bold strike, without any testmarks! VF-XF, R.

MUGHAL: Aurangzeb, 1658-1707, AR 1/2 rupee (5.71g), Gulkanda, year 30, KM-294.3, star on both obverse & reverse, 1 testmark, very rare denomination for Gulkanda, choice VF, RR.

MUGHAL: Aurangzeb, 1658-1707, AR rupee (11.46g), Zafarabad, AH1071 year 3, KM-297.10, early series, with full titulature abu al-zafar muhyi al-din muhammad bahadur instead of the couplet on obverse, the second "1" in the date recut over zero; rare mint for this type, XF, RR.

MUGHAL: Aurangzeb, 1658-1707, AV mohur, Surat, AH1107 year 39, KM-315.45, NGC graded MS63.

MUGHAL: Aurangzeb, 1658-1707, AV mohur, Shahjahanabad (Delhi), AH1109 year 42, KM-315.42, NGC graded AU58. Date misinterpreted as AH1105 on the slab.

MUGHAL: Aurangzeb, 1658-1707, AV mohur, Gulbarga (Kulbarga), AH1102 year 3x, KM-315.19, gorgeous strike, without any weakness, NGC graded AU55.

MUGHAL: Aurangzeb, 1658-1707, AV mohur, Kabul, year 17, KM-315.24, minor weakness near the edge, not noted on the slab, full mint name! NGC graded EF45.

MUGHAL: Shah Alam Bahadur, 1707-1712, AR rupee (11.50g), Mailapur, AH1120 year 2, KM-348.27, very rare mint for Shah Alam Bahadur; 2 banker's marks (and about 4 more on the edge), XF, RR. There are 20 Mailapur rupees filed on CoinArchives for Aurangzeb but only 2 for Shah Alam Bahadur.

MUGHAL: Shah Alam Bahadur, 1707-1712, AR heavy rupee (12.02g), Tatta, AH1123 year 6, KM-349.x, Zeno-192833, special issue with both sides in a hexagonal border, XF, RR. The heavy rupees of Shah Alam Bahadur were struck at a few mints, principally in AH1123 with regnal year 5, more rarely 1123 year 6, plus a very few examples of 1122 year 4 and 1122 year 5, and only 1122 year 5 for Tatta. The analysis of these heavy rupees by Alan Deshazo was published in the ONS Journal #220 (summer 2014). He shows that at least 10 mints produced these, all very rare, and production was mandated by an Imperial Farman that was retracted very shortly afterwards.

MUGHAL: Farrukhsiyar, 1713-1719, AR rupee, Tatta, AH1125 year 1, KM-376, with special couplet, naming Ahmad as sahib qiran salis, "the third lord of the auspicious conjunction", phrase used only for this mint & year, without any testmarks, lightly tooled, PCGS graded AU details.

MUGHAL: Muhammad Shah, 1719-1748, AR nazarana rupee (11.31g), Shahjahanabad (Delhi), AH1135 year 5, KM-437B.2 (27mm) struck on broad flan and fully centered, with outer border of dots, scrape marks on obverse, dark discolorations in both fields, filing marks on much of the edge, choice VF. Nearly all examples of this type are dated year 5, either AH1135 or 1136; also known for AH1143 year 13.

MUGHAL: Muhammad Shah, 1719-1748, AV mohur, Shahjahanabad (Delhi), year 25, KM-439.4, incredible mint state, very rare in this quality! NGC graded fully lustrous MS66.

MUGHAL: Muhammad Shah, 1719-1748, AV mohur, Surat, year 12, KM-439.4, NGC graded MS62.

MUGHAL: Muhammad Shah, 1719-1748, AV pagoda, Imtiyazgarh, AH(11)31 year one (ahad), KM-E440.1, wonderful strike, NGC graded lustrous MS63, R.

MUGHAL: Muhammad Shah, 1719-1748, AV mohur (10.93g), Arkat (Arcot), AH11xx year 4, KM-, cf. Zeno-141292 for year 12, same style, standard design and normal Mughal calligraphy; mount removed; one of the rarest Mughal gold mohurs! (incorrectly classified by the consignor as French colonial, but French issues first started with the Arkat mint name in Muhammad Shah's year 22), choice XF, RRRR, ex Syed Rabbi Collection. Only 2 Arkat mint mohurs of Muhammad Shah are confirmed, one dated year 12 (Zeno-141292 = Stevens-AR.10), the other of different style year 20 (Zeno-141287 = Stevens-AR.11), the same two on CoinArchives, sold in 2007 and 2005, respectively.

MUGHAL: Ahmad Shah Bahadur, 1748-1754, AV mohur, Multan, AH1165 year 5, KM-449.10, scarce mint for gold, NGC graded MS65, R.

MUGHAL: Ahmad Shah Bahadur, 1748-1754, AV pagoda, Imtiyazgarh, ND, KM-C450.1, excellent strike, cleaned (barely noticeable), NGC graded Unc details, R.

MUGHAL: Alamgir II, 1754-1759, AR 1/8 rupee (1.33g) (Shahjahanabad), AH1168, KM-B452.x, complex square // square design; with all legends and arrangements identical to the full rupee type A-455.2, with traces of the mint name Shahjahanabad still visible; mount removed; unpublished and unique, VF, RRRR. For Alamgir II, the only mints thus far reported for the 1/8 rupee are Murshidabad and Azimabad, both of very different designs.

MUGHAL: Alamgir II, 1754-1759, AR rupee (11.42g), Shahjahanabad, AH1172 year 5, KM-457.1, superb bold strike, a wonderful mint state example! PCGS graded MS64.

MUGHAL: Imitations, AV square mohur (12.16g), blundered date, later imitation of an issue of Akbar I (1556-1605) in fine gold, based on type KM-112.4 of the Urdu Zafar Qarin mint, but with blundered text, probably late 18th or 19th century imitation used for religious honor, F-VF.

ASSAM: Gadadhara Simha, 1681-1696, AR rupee (11.15g), KM-29, lion right, superb example, XF-AU.

ASSAM: Gadadhara Simha, 1681-1696, AR rupee (10.77g), ND, KM-33, RB-E6, octagonal, cyclical year 33, lion // bird walking at the right, light oxidation, bold strike, F-VF.

ASSAM: Rudra Simha, 1696-1714, AR rupee (11.38g), SE1622 (1700), KM-40, R&B-F10.1, PCGS graded AU53.

ASSAM: Shiva Simha, 1714-1744, AR rupee (11.31g), SE1646, KM-62, Rhodes & Bose-H7.1, citing Queen Phulesvari, bird running toward the right below on reverse, boldly struck, very light peripheral tone, one-year type, VF, ex SARC Auction 23, Lot 1697, ex Paul Stevens Collection.

ASSAM: Pramatta Simha, 1744-1751, AR rupee (11.45g), SE1670 (1748), KM-122, R&B-N11.1, a superb example, PCGS graded AU58.

ASSAM: Rajesvara Simha, 1751-1769, AV mohur, SE1674 (1752), KM-142, R&B-03.1, bold strike, without any weakness whatsoever, NGC graded AU55.

ASSAM: Rajesvara Simha, 1751-1769, AR rupee (11.36g), SE1675 (1753), KM-145, legends in Devanagari obverse, Sanskrit reverse; magnificent strike, AU, R.

ASSAM: Gaurinatha Simha, 1780-1796, AV octagonal mohur, SE1706 year 5 (1784), KM-230, R&B-R4.1, lovely bold strike, NGC graded AU50.

ASSAM: Sarvvananda Simha, Matak rebel, 1793-1795, AR rupee (11.51g), SE1716 (1794), KM-308, R&B-X5.1, Assamese legend on both sides within dotted border, Sri Sri Svarga / Deva Sri Sarvvana / nda Simha Nrpasya, Sake 1716, Lion to right // Sri Sri Krishna / Charana Kamala / Makaranda Ma / dhukarasya, a pleasant and wholesome example, EF45, ex Paul Stevens Collection, ex SARC Auction 24 Lot 1595.

AWADH: Asaf-ud-Dawla, 1775-1797, AV mohur, Najibabad, year 32, KM-120, with the whiskered fish symbol for Awadh, right of the regnal year on the reverse, PCGS graded MS62, R.

AWADH: Amjad Ali Shah, 1842-1847, AR rupee (11.15g), Lucknow, AH1259 year 2, KM-336, Cr-101, a stunning lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS64. The single highest graded example (Top Pop) at PCGS.

BARODA: Sayaji Rao III, 1875-1938, AR 1/2 rupee, VS1948, Y-35, attractive strike, rare date, VF, R.

BARODA: Sayaji Rao III, 1875-1938, AR rupee, VS1953 (1896), Y-36a, a pleasing mint state example, PCGS graded MS62, ex Stephen Album Auction 24, Lot 1705, ex Paul Stevens Collection.

BARODA: Sayaji Rao III, 1875-1938, AR rupee, VS1955 (1898), Y-36a, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63, ex Stephen Album Auction 26, Lot 1922.

BHOPAL: Shah Jahan Begam, 1868-1901, AR 2 nazarana rupees (21.81g), AH1286 year 2, Y-C14, with only the Muslim Kalimat at-Tayyibah (Word of Purity) on both sides, bold strike, with collector's original index card with provenance and date of purchase, a wonderful lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS64, ex Anton Holt Collection.

BIKANIR: Ganga Singh, 1887-1942, AR rupee, 1892, KM-72, Y-3, regal issue with bust of Empress Victoria, two-year type, attractive and lustrous, PCGS graded MS62.

DEWAS SENIOR BRANCH: Victoria, Empress, 1876-1901, AE 1/12 anna, 1888(c), KM-11, a stunning example with much red present and with great eye appeal, PCGS graded MS64 RB. Tied with only one other example for highest graded (Top Pop) at PCGS.

HYDERABAD: Mir Usman Ali Khan, 1911-1948, AV ashrafi, AH1333 year 4, Y-57a. Fr-1165, spectacular luster, boldly struck, PCGS graded MS64, ex The 1914 Collection. Second finest graded by PCGS.

INDORE: Tukoji Rao II, 1844-1886, AR mudra (11.07g), SE1780 (1858), KM-15, sunburst encircled by Devanagari legend sri shankarayacharya ahlya jayati // denomination mudra surrounded by legend holkarendra puravaraji kautuka / saka 1780, small cut on rim, accompanied by collector's information card, VF, RR, ex Anton Holt Collection.

INDORE: Shivaji Rao, 1886-1903, AR rupee, VS1956 (1899), KM-47.1, Y-19, an attractive lustrous example, with collector's original index card with provenance and date of purchase, PCGS graded AU55, ex Anton Holt Collection.

JAIPUR: Pratab Singh, 1778-1803, AV mohur, Sawai Jaipur, AH1214 year 40, KM-50, in the name of Shah Alam II, with full Hijri date atop the obverse; fabulous mint state! NGC graded MS64.

JAIPUR: Madho Singh II, 1880-1922, AV mohur, Sawai Jaipur, year 19 (1898), KM-150, also citing Queen Victoria; wonderful bold strike; wonderful mint state! NGC graded MS64.

JODHPUR: Sumer Singh, 1911-1918, AR 1/8 rupee, ND, KM-113, Y-29, beautiful album toning, boldly struck, scarce type, NGC graded MS63, ex The 1914 Collection. Finest graded at both NGC and PCGS.

JODHPUR: Sumer Singh, 1911-1918, AR 1/2 rupee, ND, KM-115, Y-31, beautiful album toning, boldly struck, rare type, NGC graded MS65, ex The 1914 Collection. Finest graded at both NGC and PCGS.

JODHPUR: Sumer Singh, 1911-1918, AV mohur, DM, KM-120.2. Fr-1226, joint issue in the name of George V and Sumer Singh, mounts expertly removed, Daroga Mark "Ha", PCGS graded AU details, ex The 1914 Collection.

KOTAH: Satrusal II, 1866-1889, AR nazarana rupee (11.41g), Nandgaon, year 30 (1887), Y-6a, citing Queen Victoria, with collector's original index card with provenance and date of purchase, a pleasing lustrous mint state example, PCGS graded MS62, ex Anton Holt Collection.

KUTCH: Pragmalji III, 1991-2021, AR "kori", VS2048 (1991), KM-, Issued on his accession in Bhuj; Pragmalji III died of Covid complications in April 2021, NGC graded MS63.

MEWAR: AV mohur, Udaipur, ND (1858-1920), Y-12. Fr-1326, Swarupshahi series, double struck, lustrous, NGC graded MS64, ex Heritage Auction 3020 Lot 24283, ex The 1914 Collection.

MYSORE: Haidar Ali, 1761-1782, AV pagoda, NM, ND, KM-15, Siva and Parvati seated facing // large Persian letter H (for Haidar) on a granular background, NGC graded EF45.

MYSORE: Tipu Sultan, 1782-1799, AE paisa (10.70g), Patan, AM1222, KM-123.5, elephant right, date above, magnificent strike, AU.

MYSORE: Tipu Sultan, 1782-1799, AR 1/4 rupee (baqiri) (2.77g), Patan, AM1222 year 12, KM-D125, with collector's original index card with provenance and date of purchase, PCGS graded AU53, ex Anton Holt Collection.

MYSORE: Krishna Raja Wodeyar, 1799-1868, AV pagoda (3.40g), KM-210, Fr-1358, Zeno-255191, Siva & Parvati, holding trident & damaru // Nagari sri krishna raja; struck 1799 until about 1831, early style, VF-XF.

MYSORE: Krishna Raja Wodeyar, 1799-1868, AV pagoda (3.41g), KM-210, Fr-1358, Zeno-255191, Siva & Parvati, holding trident & damaru // Nagari sri krishna raja; later imitation, with corrupt Nagari legend, F-VF.

MYSORE: Krishna Raja Wodeyar, 1799-1868, AV pagoda (3.40g), KM-210, Fr-1358, Zeno-255191, Siva & Parvati, holding trident & damaru // Nagari sri krishna raja; struck 1799 until about 1831, early style, VF-XF.

RADHANPUR: Zorawar, 1825-1874, AR 100 falus (11.51g), Radhanpur, 1867//AH1285, KM-6, also citing Queen Victoria on the reverse; KM-6 for 1867 has been published only for AH1284 and 1286, except for one example on CoinArchives sold in our Auction 31, lot 2596, XF, RR.

RADHANPUR: Zorawar, 1825-1874, AR rupee (11.48g), Radhanpur, 1872//AH1289, KM-11, also citing Queen Victoria on the reverse, bold XF.

RADHANPUR: Bismilla Khan, 1874-1895, AR rupee (10.97g), Radhanpur, "188" (for 1880)//AH1298, KM-27, also citing Queen Victoria on the reverse; slight weakness, but actually above-average strike for this type, choice XF, R.

RADHANPUR: Bismilla Khan, 1874-1895, AR rupee (11.60g), Radhanpur, 1881//AH1298, KM-29, also citing Queen Victoria on the reverse; small spot of weakness on each side (due to insufficient planchet thickness); one-year type, choice XF, R.

ROHILKHAND: AV mohur, Najibabad, AH(11)81 year 8, KM-100, in the name of Shah Alam II, katar mintmark on reverse (instead of the whiskered fish of Awadh), probably struck at Rampur, the Rohilkhand principal city, NGC graded lustrous MS64, R.

SIKH EMPIRE: AR rupee (11.32g), Lahore, VS1829, KM-63, Herrli-08.03.04, magnificent strike with some juicy light iridescent toning, Unc.

TRAVANCORE: Bala Rama Varma, 1798-1810, AR 1/2 chuckram (0.21g), ND (1809-10), KM-7, stylized Shanku (conch shell) within a circle of dots // Sudarshana chakram (spinning discus used by the Hindu God Vishnu), within a circle of dots, PCGS graded EF45. Avittam Thirunal Bala Rama Varma was the ruler of the Indian princely state of Travancore from 1798 to 1810, succeeding his uncle Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma (Dharma Raja) on 12 February 1798. His reign was a time of disturbances and internal and external problems. The revolt of Velu Thampi (who as Dewan negotiated the formal alliance between Travancore and the British East India Company) occurred during his rule. This is a very rare denomination and from a small group of 21 coins.

TRAVANCORE: Bala Rama Varma, 1798-1810, AR 1/2 chuckram (0.17g), ND (1809-10), KM-7, stylized Shanku (conch shell) within a circle of dots // Sudarshana chakram (spinning discus used by the Hindu God Vishnu), within a circle of dots, PCGS graded EF45. Avittam Thirunal Bala Rama Varma was the ruler of the Indian princely state of Travancore from 1798 to 1810, succeeding his uncle Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma (Dharma Raja) on 12 February 1798. His reign was a time of disturbances and internal and external problems. The revolt of Velu Thampi (who as Dewan negotiated the formal alliance between Travancore and the British East India Company) occurred during his rule. This is a very rare denomination and from a small group of 21 coins.

TRAVANCORE: Bala Rama Varma, 1798-1810, AR 1/2 chuckram (0.19g), ND (1809-10), KM-7, stylized Shanku (conch shell) within a circle of dots // Sudarshana chakram (spinning discus used by the Hindu God Vishnu), within a circle of dots, PCGS graded EF45. Avittam Thirunal Bala Rama Varma was the ruler of the Indian princely state of Travancore from 1798 to 1810, succeeding his uncle Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma (Dharma Raja) on 12 February 1798. His reign was a time of disturbances and internal and external problems. The revolt of Velu Thampi (who as Dewan negotiated the formal alliance between Travancore and the British East India Company) occurred during his rule. This is a very rare denomination and from a small group of 21 coins.

TRAVANCORE: Bala Rama Varma, 1798-1810, AR 1/2 chuckram (0.17g), ND (1809-10), KM-7, stylized Shanku (conch shell) within a circle of dots // Sudarshana chakram (spinning discus used by the Hindu God Vishnu), within a circle of dots, PCGS graded EF45. Avittam Thirunal Bala Rama Varma was the ruler of the Indian princely state of Travancore from 1798 to 1810, succeeding his uncle Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma (Dharma Raja) on 12 February 1798. His reign was a time of disturbances and internal and external problems. The revolt of Velu Thampi (who as Dewan negotiated the formal alliance between Travancore and the British East India Company) occurred during his rule. This is a very rare denomination and from a small group of 21 coins.

TRAVANCORE: Bala Rama Varma, 1798-1810, AR 1/2 chuckram (0.19g), ND (1809-10), KM-7, stylized Shanku (conch shell) within a circle of dots // Sudarshana chakram (spinning discus used by the Hindu God Vishnu), within a circle of dots, PCGS graded EF45. Avittam Thirunal Bala Rama Varma was the ruler of the Indian princely state of Travancore from 1798 to 1810, succeeding his uncle Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma (Dharma Raja) on 12 February 1798. His reign was a time of disturbances and internal and external problems. The revolt of Velu Thampi (who as Dewan negotiated the formal alliance between Travancore and the British East India Company) occurred during his rule. This is a very rare denomination and from a small group of 21 coins.

TRAVANCORE: Bala Rama Varma, 1798-1810, AR 1/2 chuckram (0.21g), ND (1809-10), KM-7, stylized Shanku (conch shell) within a circle of dots // Sudarshana chakram (spinning discus used by the Hindu God Vishnu), within a circle of dots, PCGS graded EF45. Avittam Thirunal Bala Rama Varma was the ruler of the Indian princely state of Travancore from 1798 to 1810, succeeding his uncle Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma (Dharma Raja) on 12 February 1798. His reign was a time of disturbances and internal and external problems. The revolt of Velu Thampi (who as Dewan negotiated the formal alliance between Travancore and the British East India Company) occurred during his rule. This is a very rare denomination and from a small group of 21 coins.

TRAVANCORE: Bala Rama Varma, 1798-1810, AR 1/2 chuckram (0.19g), ND (1809-10), KM-7, stylized Shanku (conch shell) within a circle of dots // Sudarshana chakram (spinning discus used by the Hindu God Vishnu), within a circle of dots, PCGS graded EF40. Avittam Thirunal Bala Rama Varma was the ruler of the Indian princely state of Travancore from 1798 to 1810, succeeding his uncle Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma (Dharma Raja) on 12 February 1798. His reign was a time of disturbances and internal and external problems. The revolt of Velu Thampi (who as Dewan negotiated the formal alliance between Travancore and the British East India Company) occurred during his rule. This is a very rare denomination and from a small group of 21 coins.

TRAVANCORE: Rama Varma VI, 1885-1924, AR 2 chuckrams, ND (1906-28), KM-50, legend reads "2 CHS," blast white luster, rare type, NGC graded MS64, ex SARC Auction 28 Lot 2806, ex Ajit Singh Collection, ex The 1914 Collection.

TRAVANCORE: Bala Rama Varma II, 1924-1949, AR 1/2 rupee, ME1107 (1931), KM-53, a superb mint state example! PCGS graded MS65.

TRIPURA: Ratna Manikya, 1454-1489, AR tanka (10.32g), ND, KM-24, R&B-38, lion facing left, toothed border, sri durga in the field // 3-line legend sri sri ratna manikya deva in decorated quatrefoil border, PCGS graded VF30, ex David Cashin Collection, ex SARC Auction 45 Lot 960.

TRIPURA: Ratna Manikya, 1464-1489, AR tanka (10.00g), SE1386, KM-27, R&B-8, lion facing left, legend around citing Narayana Charana and the date SE1386 // 4-line legend sri sri narayana charana para sri sri ratna manikya deva in double square border; one test cut on the obverse, VF, RR, ex Syed Rabbi Collection.

TRIPURA: Dhanya Manikya, 1490-1526, AR tanka (10.48g), SE1435 (1513), KM-48.1, R&B-72, lion right, large pellet above, date below // 4-line legend, also citing Queen Kamala, a superb bold example, PCGS graded EF45, ex Nicholas Rhodes Collection, Lot 44, Sept. 27, 2016.

TRIPURA: Deva Manikya, 1526-1532, AR tanka (10.72g), SE1448 (1526), KM-54, R&B-76, citing Queen Padmavati, lion facing right, crescent and bead above, date below within circle and fin-like border // Sri Sri Deva / Manikya De / va Sri Padma / vati Devyau within square with decorative border, test cut on obverse, otherwise a charming example of this rare issue, PCGS graded XF details, ex Nicholas Rhodes Collection, Lot 47, Sept. 27, 2016.

TRIPURA: Vijaya Manikya, 1532-1564, AR tanka, SE1458 (1536), KM-63, R&B-T98, lion facing right, toothed border // 4-line legend sri sri vijaya manikya deva sri lakshmi, citing Queen Lakshmi, an attractive lustrous example, PCGS graded AU50. The single finest graded example (Top Pop) at PCGS.

TRIPURA: Vijaya Manikya, 1532-1564, AR tanka (10.47g), SE1458 (1536), KM-63, R&B-97 (same dies), lion facing right, toothed border // 4-line legend sri sri vijaya manikya deva sri lakshmi, citing Queen Lakshmi, test cut on the edge not intrusive on the design, a pleasing example, PCGS graded VF details, ex David Cashin Collection, ex SARC Auction 45 Lot 2262.

TRIPURA: Vijaya Manikya, 1532-1564, AR tanka (10.78g), SE1479 (1557), KM-65, R&B-113, lion facing right with pellet at upper right, floral border // 5-line legend pratisindhu sim sri sri vijaya manikya deva sri lakshmi rana devya, citing Queen Lakshmi, bold strike, PCGS graded EF40, ex David Cashin Collection, ex SARC Auction 45 Lot 969.

TRIPURA: Ananta Manikya, 1564-1567, AR tanka (10.48g), SE1486 (1564), KM-73, R&B-128, Vishnu seated, cross-legged, supported by Garuda // 3-line text in 10-arc scallop, fancy star below, a stunning example of this rare and popular type, PCGS graded AU50, ex Paul Stevens Collection, ex SARC Auction 29 Lot 1794.

TRIPURA: Yaso Manikya, 1st reign, 1599-1600, AR tanka (10.6g), SE1521 (1599), KM-108, R&B-189, lion left, border of annulets // 3-line legend sri sri yuta yaso manikya devah, bold strike, tooled, PCGS graded XF details, ex David Cashin Collection, ex SARC Auction 45 Lot 982.

TRIPURA: Yaso Manikya, 2nd reign, 1600-1618, AR tanka (10.64g), SE1522 (1600), KM-109, R&B-196/197, citing Queens Gauri and Lakshmi, Krishna standing on lion facing left and playing flute, one gopi on each side of Krishna // legend Sri Sri Yuta Ya / so Manikya De / va Sri Gauri La / kshmi Mahadevyah, pleasant light toning, a superb lustrous example, PCGS graded AU55, ex David Fore Collection.

TRIPURA: Vira Vikrama Kishora, 1923-1947, AR rupee (11.70g), TE1337, KM-406, R&B-302, clockwise inscription around the king's bust. with his title Sri Maharaja Manikya before his full name // rampant lion left, with trident issuing from its back, tripura rajya above, date below; machine struck with milled edge, bold XF.

TRIPURA: Vira Vikrama Kishora, 1923-1947, AR rupee (11.47g), TE1341, KM-409, R&B-305, six-line text, also citing Queen Kanchan Prabha // lion rampant left, milled edge, XF.

BENGAL PRESIDENCY: AV 1/2 mohur (6.15g), "Murshidabad", AH1202 year 19, Stv-4.5. Prid-63. KM-101, struck at Calcutta 1793-1818, oblique milling right, bold XF, Scarce, ex Paul Stevens Collection, ex. F. Pridmore Collection.

BENGAL PRESIDENCY: AV mohur (10.87g), Muhammadabad Benares, AH1209 year 37, Stv-7.22. Prid-217. KM-31, Daroga mark D, never mounted, XF-AU, RR, ex Paul Stevens Collection. Pridmore knew only of regnal years 37 and 41 for the Benares mohur. Nearly all of the earlier dated pieces (years 26 to 32) came from a hoard allegedly found in the 1980s at some unknown location. All were gently mounted to form a large neckless, probably for an elephant. The hoard may have been found later, as nearly all the dates and variants were not known to KM before about 2004.

BENGAL PRESIDENCY: AE pice (9.10g), Agra, AH1220 year 47, Stv-8.2e, in the name of Shah Alam II, flintlock pistol on reverse; this is the first example we have seen with both full date and regnal year, attractive VF, RR.

BENGAL PRESIDENCY: Jeweler's Imitations, AV mohur (8.81g), "Hindustan", year "19", KM-103, light-weight jeweler's imitation of type KM-103.2, undated and with clear mint name Hindustan, probably 19th century; several scratches on the reverse; actual fineness unknown, AU. The middle panel of the obverse legend is replaced by "ghulâm rasûl", possibly someone's name.

BENGAL PRESIDENCY: Jeweler's Imitations, AV 1/4 mohur (3.06g), "Murshidabad", AH "1204", derived from type Stv-4.7 of the Calcutta mint (oblique milling, struck 1791-1818), jeweler's or shroff's copy or surprisingly correct weight for the 1/4 mohur, coarsely engraved Persian legends, VF.

BOMBAY PRESIDENCY: AE 1/4 pice (1.16g), , ND, Stv-2.122, Prid-115. KM-187, balemark // denomination in numerals, anonymous and without mint name, struck only in 1773, VF, RRR. The fractions, both the half and the quarter, are always undated and very rare.

BOMBAY PRESIDENCY: Malabar Coast: AR 1/5 rupee (2.31g), Munbai, AH1172 (retrograde), KM-272, Stv-p. 315., stylized obverse legend derived from Shah Jahan II, vertical number "5" in the obverse center, regnal year "2" on the reverse, lightly polished, XF, RRR. Unpublished date, though another example from the same dies was sold in Noonans auction 268, lot 357 (date misread as 1174). The type was introduced in the year AH1131 which would have been during the short reign of Shah Jahan II, with the stylized obverse continued for all examples with the horizontal or inverted number 5 in the obverse center.

BOMBAY PRESIDENCY: AE pice, 1791, KM-193, Prid-130, East India Company proof issue, struck at Matthew Boulton's Soho Mint, Birmingham, mirror-like surfaces with chocolate-brown patina, PCGS graded Proof 64.

MADRAS PRESIDENCY: AV pagoda (3.39g), ND (1678-1740), KM-288, Fr-1570. Prid-2, "swami " facing // granulated field, a lovely mint state example! PCGS graded MS63.

MADRAS PRESIDENCY: AV pagoda (3.38g), ND (ca. 1691-1740), Stv-1.2, single deity standing // granulated surface, bold VF-XF, R.

MADRAS PRESIDENCY: AV pagoda (3.43g), ND (ca. 1691-1740), Stv-1.2, single deity standing // granulated surface, bold VF-XF, R.

MADRAS PRESIDENCY: AV pagoda (3.4g), ND (ca. 1740-1807), Stv-1,4, Prid-3B, three half-figure deities standing // granulated reverse, XF.

MADRAS PRESIDENCY: AR 5 fanams (4.64g), ND (1807), KM-342, first series, without garter, denomination in 4 languages (Persian and English on obverse, Telugu and Tamil on reverse), some old cleaning, nicely retoned, accompanied by collector's information card, VF, RR, ex Anton Holt Collection.

MADRAS PRESIDENCY: AR 1/4 pagoda (10.49g), ND (1807), KM-343, Cr-448, Prid-155, East India Company issue, Vishnu holding sword, legend in Tamil and Telugu // legend in English and Persian on buckled garter belt surrounding a seven tiered temple gopuram (ornate tower), with collector's original index card with provenance and date of purchase, PCGS graded AU53, ex Anton Holt Collection.

MADRAS PRESIDENCY: AR 1/4 pagoda (10.59g), ND (1808), KM-352, Cr-448a, Prid-155, East India Company issue, Vishnu holding sword, legend in Tamil and Telugu // legend in English and Persian on garter belt surrounding a seven tiered temple gopuram (ornate tower), with collector's original index card with provenance and date of purchase, PCGS graded AU53, ex Anton Holt Collection.

MADRAS PRESIDENCY: AR 1/2 pagoda, ND (1808-11), KM-353, East India Company issue, Vishnu holding sword // seven-tiered temple gopuram, denomination in English, Persian, Tamil & Telugu, a wonderful lightly toned lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS64. The single highest graded example (Top Pop) at PCGS.

MADRAS PRESIDENCY: AR 1/2 pagoda, ND (1808-11), KM-353, obverse type E, a very attractive example for this type with much luster, NGC graded MS61.

MADRAS PRESIDENCY: AV 5 rupees (1/3 mohur), ND (1820), KM-422, Prid-244, English East India Company issue, denomination and company name in Persian, panj rupiya kampani angrez bahadur, NGC graded AU58.

BRITISH INDIA: William IV, 1830-1837, AR rupee, 1835(c), KM-450.3, S&W-1.39, Prid-34, East India Company issue, type C/I, with F incuse on truncation, a wonderful lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS64.

BRITISH INDIA: William IV, 1830-1837, AR rupee, 1835(c), KM-450.3, Prid-34, S&W-1.39, East India Company issue, type C/I, with F incuse on truncation, a lovely lustrous mint state example, PCGS graded MS63.

BRITISH INDIA: William IV, 1830-1837, AR rupee, 1835(c), KM-450.3, S&W-1.39, Prid-34, East India Company issue, type C/I, with F incuse on truncation, a lovely lustrous mint state example! PCGS graded MS63.

BRITISH INDIA: William IV, 1830-1837, AR rupee, 1835(c), KM-450.3, S&W-1.39, Prid-34, East India Company issue, type C/I, with F incuse on truncation, a pleasing lustrous mint state example, PCGS graded MS62.

BRITISH INDIA: William IV, 1830-1837, AR rupee, 1835(c), KM-450.3, S&W-1.39, Prid-34, East India Company issue, type C/I, with F incuse on truncation, a pleasing lustrous mint state example, PCGS graded MS62.

BRITISH INDIA: Victoria, Empress, 1876-1901, AR rupee, 1879(b), KM-492, S&W-6.46, with bead, attractive mint state example! PCGS graded MS63.

BRITISH INDIA: Edward VII, 1901-1910, AR rupee, 1901(c), KM-Pn66, S&W-7.1, Prid-1045, pattern by F.K. Wezel; EDUARDUS VII REX ET IMPERATOR around bare head Edward VII wright with star below // ONE RUPEE / INDIA 1901 in outer legend, crown above ornate circle with lion walking left and denomination in Persian and Devanagari script, decorative motifs at the bottom, Bombay mint proof restrike, a lovely lustrous example! PCGS graded Proof 63.

BRITISH INDIA: Edward VII, 1901-1910, AR rupee, 1901(c), KM-Pn67, S&W-7.2, Prid-1046, pattern by F.K. Wezel; EDUARDUS VII REX ET IMPERATOR around bare head Edward VII wright with star below // ONE RUPEE / INDIA 1901 in outer legend, crown above ornate circle with lion walking left and E.R.I. above, decorative motifs at the bottom, Bombay mint proof restrike, a lovely lustrous example! PCGS graded Proof 63.

BRITISH INDIA: Edward VII, 1901-1910, AR 1/2 rupee, 1910(c), KM-507, S&W-7.70, lovely toning, NGC graded MS63.

BRITISH INDIA: Edward VII, 1901-1910, AR rupee, 1903(c), KM-508, S&W-7.16, Bombay mint proof restrike, a lovely lustrous example! PCGS graded Proof 63.